The aim of this study was to summarise the scientific evidence on the prevalence of psychoactive substance use and on the factors associated with their intake among truck drivers. A systematic review was performed in the databases PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences, and Cochrane and 36 cross-sectional studies were identified with quantitative results about the use of psychoactive substances by truck drivers. Out of these, 28 were carried out in countries with large land areas and 23 obtained their information through self-reporting. The most frequently studied substances were alcohol (n=25), amphetamines (n=17), marijuana (n=16) and cocaine (n=13). The prevalence of the use of these substances greatly varied: alcohol (0.1–91.0%); amphetamines (0.2–82.5%), marijuana (0.2–29.9%), cocaine (0.1–8.3%). The frequency of substance use was lower in studies that investigated the presence of these substances in biological samples than in those based on self-reported use. In 12 studies that evaluated factors associated with the intake of psychoactive substances, the following stood out: younger age, higher income, longer trips, alcohol consumption, driving in the night shift, travelling interstate routes, long or short sleep, fewer hours of rest, little experience of the driver, connection with small and medium sized companies, income below levels determined by labour agreements, productivity-based earnings and prior involvement in accidents. The frequency of psychoactive substance use by truck drivers seems to be high, although that greatly varies according to the type of substance and the method of collecting the information. The use of these substances was mainly associated with indicators of poor working conditions.

Objectives: to analyze the perception of nursing professionals about patient safety culture in three highly complex hospital institutions. Methods: descriptive and quantitative study with professionals working in care. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire was applied, classifying its dimensions according to the percentage of positive responses (strengthened: ≥75.0%; potential for improvement: 50.0%; weakened: ≤50.0%). Results: four hundred sixty-seven professionals (79.6%), mostly women (88.4%), nursing technicians/assistants (57.2%), 20 to 39 years (60.8%), less than five years in the institution (57.8%) and exclusive bond (79.2%) participated in the study. Safety culture was considered fragile, seven dimensions assessed as such, highlighting “Openness to communication” and “Non-punitive responses to errors” with <30.0% positive responses. Conclusions: evidence of the need for discussion of the subject and strategies for change that promote quality and safety of care.

Objective: The objective of this study is to identify the role of working conditions as predictors of sleepiness while driving among truck drivers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out among truck drivers who transported grains to Paranaguá Port, Paraná, Brazil. The truck drivers were interviewed and completed a self-administered questionnaire to collect data on sociodemographic and behavioral variables, working conditions, consumption of illicit psychoactive substances, and sleep patterns. Drivers were considered to be sleepy while driving if they reported a medium or high probability of napping while driving at night, during the daytime, or while stopped in traffic. The statistical analysis used logistic regression models progressively adjusted for age, behavioral variables, sleep duration, and other working conditions. Results: In total, 670 male drivers, with a mean age of 41.9 (±11.1) years, were enrolled. The prevalence of sleepiness while driving was 31.5%. After model adjustments, the following working conditions were associated with sleepiness while driving: Distance from the last shipment of more than 1,000 km (odds ratio [OR] = 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–2.23) and a formal labor contract with a productivity-based salary (OR = 2.65; 95% CI, 1.86–3.78). Consumption of illicit psychoactive substances (OR = 1.99; 95% CI, 1.14–3.47) was also associated with sleepiness while driving. Conclusions: Distance traveled and a formal labor contract with productivity-based earnings were the working conditions associated with sleepiness while driving, regardless of other working or behavioral characteristics, age, consumption of illicit psychoactive substances, and sleep duration.

The consumption of alcohol and illicit substances has shown alarming levels among young university students, and its use may be associated with the coping strategy of academic burnout. This review aimed to synthesize the scientific evidence related to the consumption of alcohol and illicit substances associated with burnout syndrome in university students. Searches were carried out in: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycNet and Scopus databases, with no year limitation and based on the PRISMA guideline. Among the 2.269 articles identified, 16 met the inclusion criteria. All studies evaluated students in the health area, 12 studies found an association between the variables, with alcohol and illicit substances consumption strongly related to burnout syndrome. It was concluded that there is an association between the studied variables, indicating that the presence of burnout syndrome in university students can result in the use of negative strategies as a coping measure.

INTRODUÇÃO: No setor saúde, os medicamentos representam um instrumento essencial para a capacidade resolutiva dos serviços prestados. Neste processo, dá-se grande importância à política de medicamentos, que regulamenta um dos maiores gastos nos serviços públicos de saúde, em especial os medicamentos essenciais, que são aqueles considerados indispensáveis para atender a maior parte da população assistida pelo Sistema Único de Saúde, e que são distribuídos gratuitamente. OBJETIVO: Identificar os indicadores de prescrição do município de Ibiporã, PR. METODOLOGIA: Para tal, foram recolhidas 3.119 prescrições médicas de Clínica Geral, Pediatria e Ginecologia do município. A partir destas receitas, foram calculados os indicadores de prescrição propostos pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e os medicamentos prescritos foram classificados obedecendo à classificação da Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical, também da OMS. RESULTADOS: No município de Ibiporã, PR, são prescritos, em média, dois medicamentos por receita médica. Do total de medicamentos prescritos, 70,2% são prescritos por seus nomes genéricos. Em 22,0% das prescrições foi encontrada a indicação de antibióticos. Houve prescrição de injetáveis em 7,0% das receitas médicas. Em relação à lista municipal de medicamentos, 58,4% dos medicamentos fazem parte desta lista. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Tais resultados sugerem dificuldades na implantação de uma política de medicamentos essenciais. Neste contexto, estes indicadores podem contribuir para a formulação de políticas voltadas para a reorientação dos serviços farmacêuticos, promovendo a melhoria do acesso e o uso racional dos medicamentos.