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Dr. Antonio Carlo Bertolino
Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Lubrication
0 Modeling and Simulation
0 Model-based Design
0 prognostic and health management
0 Ball screws

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Ball screws
Lubrication
prognostic and health management
Model-based Design
Modeling and Simulation

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Journal article
Published: 31 August 2021 in Actuators
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Electro-hydraulic servo-actuators (EHSAs) are currently considered the state-of-the art solution for the control of the primary flight control systems of civil and military aircraft. Combining the expected service life of a commercial aircraft with the fact that electro-hydraulic technology is employed in the vast majority of currently in-service aircraft and is planned to be used on future platforms as well, the development of an effective Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) system could provide significant advantages to fleet operators and aircraft maintenance, such as the reduction of unplanned flight disruptions and increased availability of the aircraft. The occurrence of excessive internal leakage within the EHSAs is one of the most common causes of return from the field of flight control actuators, making this failure mode a priority in the definition of any dedicated PHM routine. This paper presents a case study on the design of a prognostic system for this degradation mode, in the context of a wider effort toward the definition of a prognostic framework suitable to work on in-flight data. The study is performed by means of a high-fidelity simulation model supported by experimental activities. Results of both the simulation and the experimental work are used to select a suitable feature, then implemented within the prognostic framework based on particle filtering. The algorithm is at first theoretically discussed, and then tested against several degradation patterns. Performances are evaluated through state-of-the-art metrics, showing promising results and providing the basis towards future applications on real in-flight data.

ACS Style

Antonio Carlo Bertolino; Andrea De Martin; Giovanni Jacazio; Massimo Sorli. A Case Study on the Detection and Prognosis of Internal Leakages in Electro-Hydraulic Flight Control Actuators. Actuators 2021, 10, 215 .

AMA Style

Antonio Carlo Bertolino, Andrea De Martin, Giovanni Jacazio, Massimo Sorli. A Case Study on the Detection and Prognosis of Internal Leakages in Electro-Hydraulic Flight Control Actuators. Actuators. 2021; 10 (9):215.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Carlo Bertolino; Andrea De Martin; Giovanni Jacazio; Massimo Sorli. 2021. "A Case Study on the Detection and Prognosis of Internal Leakages in Electro-Hydraulic Flight Control Actuators." Actuators 10, no. 9: 215.

Preprint content
Published: 16 July 2021
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ACS Style

Antonio C. Bertolino; Stefano Mauro; Giovanni Jacazio; Massimo Sorli. Multibody Dynamic Model of a Double Nut Preloaded Ball Screw Mechanism With Lubrication. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Antonio C. Bertolino, Stefano Mauro, Giovanni Jacazio, Massimo Sorli. Multibody Dynamic Model of a Double Nut Preloaded Ball Screw Mechanism With Lubrication. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio C. Bertolino; Stefano Mauro; Giovanni Jacazio; Massimo Sorli. 2021. "Multibody Dynamic Model of a Double Nut Preloaded Ball Screw Mechanism With Lubrication." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 16 July 2021
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ACS Style

Antonio C. Bertolino; Gabriele Lombardi; Massimo Sorli; Stefano Mauro. Modelling of Energy Accumulation in Belt Conveyor Systems Under Faulty Conditions. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Antonio C. Bertolino, Gabriele Lombardi, Massimo Sorli, Stefano Mauro. Modelling of Energy Accumulation in Belt Conveyor Systems Under Faulty Conditions. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio C. Bertolino; Gabriele Lombardi; Massimo Sorli; Stefano Mauro. 2021. "Modelling of Energy Accumulation in Belt Conveyor Systems Under Faulty Conditions." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 17 March 2021 in Mechanism and Machine Theory
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The no-load drag torque is a crucial factor in the design phase to estimate the power required by the electric motor in electro-mechanical actuators (EMA). This paper focuses on the analysis of the drag torque contribution generated in preloaded double nut ball screws of EMAs. In literature its value is commonly estimated with a linear relationship with respect to the preload level. However, many other parameters play a role in determining the friction torque, such as operating speed, temperature and geometry. A sensitivity analysis on these parameters is presented by means of simulation results obtained from a high-fidelity multibody dynamic (MBD) model, capable of describing the full three-dimensional dynamics of each subcomponent and the presence of full film, mixed or boundary lubrication between mating elements. The results have been interpreted with a physics-based approach highlighting a strong dependency of the drag torque on temperature basing on the lubricant’s viscosity. This parameter also influences the drag torque speed dependence, which resulted to be more pronounced for low operating temperatures. An experimental test bench is being constructed to validate the model results.

ACS Style

Antonio Carlo Bertolino; Giovanni Jacazio; Stefano Mauro; Massimo Sorli. Investigation on the ball screws no-load drag torque in presence of lubrication through MBD simulations. Mechanism and Machine Theory 2021, 161, 104328 .

AMA Style

Antonio Carlo Bertolino, Giovanni Jacazio, Stefano Mauro, Massimo Sorli. Investigation on the ball screws no-load drag torque in presence of lubrication through MBD simulations. Mechanism and Machine Theory. 2021; 161 ():104328.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Carlo Bertolino; Giovanni Jacazio; Stefano Mauro; Massimo Sorli. 2021. "Investigation on the ball screws no-load drag torque in presence of lubrication through MBD simulations." Mechanism and Machine Theory 161, no. : 104328.

Conference paper
Published: 16 November 2020 in Volume 7B: Dynamics, Vibration, and Control
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The consideration of potential energy stored in a system is paramount to carry on safe maintenance operations of mechanical system. In particular, this paper concentrates on the elastic energy accumulation occurring in a belt conveyor system ensuing a seizure of one of the pulleys owing to, for example, dirt and spilled bulk material accumulation in the belt inlet zone. The hazard of considering the system completely discharged just because the electrical supply cut off and the effect of such an energy storage are investigated by means of a lumped mass dynamic mathematical model. It allows time variable operating conditions to be considered, as well as starting and stopping phases transients. Standard maintenance operations are simulated, and the effect of stored energy sudden release investigated.

ACS Style

Antonio Carlo Bertolino; Gabriele Lombardi; Stefano Mauro; Massimo Sorli. Modelling of Energy Accumulation in Belt Conveyor Systems Under Faulty Conditions. Volume 7B: Dynamics, Vibration, and Control 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Antonio Carlo Bertolino, Gabriele Lombardi, Stefano Mauro, Massimo Sorli. Modelling of Energy Accumulation in Belt Conveyor Systems Under Faulty Conditions. Volume 7B: Dynamics, Vibration, and Control. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Carlo Bertolino; Gabriele Lombardi; Stefano Mauro; Massimo Sorli. 2020. "Modelling of Energy Accumulation in Belt Conveyor Systems Under Faulty Conditions." Volume 7B: Dynamics, Vibration, and Control , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 16 November 2020 in Volume 7B: Dynamics, Vibration, and Control
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Ball screws have been investigated by several researchers from a theoretical point of view because the intrinsic complexity of experimental investigation of these mechanisms. Most of the models developed so far have been developed in quasi-static conditions ignoring inertia terms and time variability of operating conditions. A detailed multibody dynamic model of a double nut preloaded ball screw is presented in this paper, taking into account the full dynamic of each subcomponent as well as the mutual interactions. A 3D contact model is introduced, considering Hertzian normal contact and a simplified friction model based on grease lubrication. This model takes into account the time variability of the operating conditions and it is suitable to be used for prognostic and model-based design approaches. The results of dynamic simulations in presence of backlash are presented to highlight the model’s capabilities.

ACS Style

Antonio Carlo Bertolino; Stefano Mauro; Giovanni Jacazio; Massimo Sorli. Multibody Dynamic Model of a Double Nut Preloaded Ball Screw Mechanism With Lubrication. Volume 7B: Dynamics, Vibration, and Control 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Antonio Carlo Bertolino, Stefano Mauro, Giovanni Jacazio, Massimo Sorli. Multibody Dynamic Model of a Double Nut Preloaded Ball Screw Mechanism With Lubrication. Volume 7B: Dynamics, Vibration, and Control. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Carlo Bertolino; Stefano Mauro; Giovanni Jacazio; Massimo Sorli. 2020. "Multibody Dynamic Model of a Double Nut Preloaded Ball Screw Mechanism With Lubrication." Volume 7B: Dynamics, Vibration, and Control , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 11 November 2019 in Volume 1: Advances in Aerospace Technology
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Over the last two decades, one of the most prominent research themes in the aerospace community involved the definition of “more electric aircrafts”. For flight control systems the trend is to replace the traditional electro-hydraulic solution with electro-mechanical actuators. However, safety issues severely hinder the diffusion of this technology. A possible breakthrough in this field can be the development of robust PHM techniques to anticipate the occurrence of failures. Ball screws feature one of the highest failure rate within EMAs’ mechanical components. Since their accurate modeling is fairly complex, experimental results are needed to support simulation outcomes to help in the definition of reliable health monitoring schemes. This paper presents the model-based design of a novel test bench intended for PHM analyses of ball screw drives. At first the test bench layout is introduced and compared to the state of the art. A high-fidelity model of the test bench is presented and exploited to perform a Monte Carlo simulation campaign with the goal to characterize its behavior versus measure and process noise in presence of varying size backlash. Finally, a test procedure for backlash identification is defined.

ACS Style

Antonio Carlo Bertolino; A. De Martin; G. Jacazio; Stefano Mauro; M. Sorli. Robust Design of a Test Bench for PHM Study of Ball Screw Drives. Volume 1: Advances in Aerospace Technology 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Antonio Carlo Bertolino, A. De Martin, G. Jacazio, Stefano Mauro, M. Sorli. Robust Design of a Test Bench for PHM Study of Ball Screw Drives. Volume 1: Advances in Aerospace Technology. 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Carlo Bertolino; A. De Martin; G. Jacazio; Stefano Mauro; M. Sorli. 2019. "Robust Design of a Test Bench for PHM Study of Ball Screw Drives." Volume 1: Advances in Aerospace Technology , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 11 November 2019 in Volume 2A: Advanced Manufacturing
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The Simscape Multibody software is a set of libraries and mechanical modeling and simulation tools for use with Simulink®. For what concerns the contact library, currently it contains only the models to describe impacts between simple geometries, such as spheres, cylinders and planes. When this environment is intended to be used to simulate the 3D dynamics of a system with a complex geometry, such as a ball screw, the built-in blocks are not sufficient. This paper presents a new contact library, containing blocks specifically designed to handle the contacts between a sphere and the two gothic arc helical grooves of a ball screw, as well as the interaction between adjacent spheres. The developed blocks are exploited to create a first case study dynamic model of a single nut not preloaded ball screw in presence of internal backlash. The results highlight the superiority of this multibody approach with respect to the quasi-static or lumped parameters models in terms of extracted information and understanding of the internal mechanics.

ACS Style

Antonio Carlo Bertolino; Giovanni Jacazio; Stefano Mauro; Massimo Sorli. Developing of a Simscape Multibody Contact Library for Gothic Arc Ball Screws: A Three-Dimensional Model for Internal Sphere/Grooves Interactions. Volume 2A: Advanced Manufacturing 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Antonio Carlo Bertolino, Giovanni Jacazio, Stefano Mauro, Massimo Sorli. Developing of a Simscape Multibody Contact Library for Gothic Arc Ball Screws: A Three-Dimensional Model for Internal Sphere/Grooves Interactions. Volume 2A: Advanced Manufacturing. 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Carlo Bertolino; Giovanni Jacazio; Stefano Mauro; Massimo Sorli. 2019. "Developing of a Simscape Multibody Contact Library for Gothic Arc Ball Screws: A Three-Dimensional Model for Internal Sphere/Grooves Interactions." Volume 2A: Advanced Manufacturing , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 22 March 2019 in Mechanism and Machine Theory
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Building a high-fidelity model to identify a connection between a measurable signal variation and the onset and growth of a fault, which can then evolve in a failure, is a method to develop a prognostic and health management system. With this goal, this paper is focused on the development of a high-fidelity dynamic model of the ball screw component of flight control electro-mechanical actuators. This model can represent the roll/slip transition in the spheres/grooves contact points depending on dynamic operative conditions. It is suitable for various defects injection, such as friction increase, preload variation or mechanical backlash. The effect of such defects on the mechanical direct efficiency is investigated since it is a parameter which can be easily measured experimentally, and which may be a suitable candidate as health feature or as an indicator of faults onset and progression within the mechanism. This approach is intended to track the health status of the component and consequently avoid unexpected in-service failure, which may have a high cost, especially in the aerospace sector.

ACS Style

Antonio Carlo Bertolino; Massimo Sorli; Giovanni Jacazio; Stefano Mauro. Lumped parameters modelling of the EMAs’ ball screw drive with special consideration to ball/grooves interactions to support model-based health monitoring. Mechanism and Machine Theory 2019, 137, 188 -210.

AMA Style

Antonio Carlo Bertolino, Massimo Sorli, Giovanni Jacazio, Stefano Mauro. Lumped parameters modelling of the EMAs’ ball screw drive with special consideration to ball/grooves interactions to support model-based health monitoring. Mechanism and Machine Theory. 2019; 137 ():188-210.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Carlo Bertolino; Massimo Sorli; Giovanni Jacazio; Stefano Mauro. 2019. "Lumped parameters modelling of the EMAs’ ball screw drive with special consideration to ball/grooves interactions to support model-based health monitoring." Mechanism and Machine Theory 137, no. : 188-210.

Proceedings article
Published: 09 November 2018 in Volume 1: Advances in Aerospace Technology
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Seals are widely used in hydraulic power systems to prevent fluid leakages. However, several types of degradation can decrease the performance of these components such as wear, which induces changes in the geometry of the cross-section area, influencing their sealing capability. Over the years, their behaviour has been primarily investigated with several theoretical and experimental researches. All these valuable results can be considered as a starting point for further investigations on the interaction between seals and the complete hydraulic equipment and on the root of seals degradation. This article proposes a physical model of performance degradation acting on dynamic seals of an electro-hydraulic servo-actuator (EHSA) ram for primary flight controls. In this article, a dynamic non-linear seals degradation model has been developed, based on the Hart-Smith hyperelasticity model, which physically describes the stress and strain of “rubber-like” materials. Similarly, wearing has been assessment by using the Archard’s equation. Furthermore, different operating temperatures have been considered to analyze the effect on seals performances. The integration between the mentioned seals degradation model and the high-fidelity model of the complete EHSA allows to evaluate the influence of various wear levels on the actuator behaviour. This research activity is inserted into a more extensive project of Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) of EHSAs. The results of the proposed simulations reveal how the performance of an EHSA can be affected by seals degradations.

ACS Style

Antonio C. Bertolino; Rocco Gentile; Giovanni Jacazio; Francesco Marino; Massimo Sorli. EHSA Primary Flight Controls Seals Wear Degradation Model. Volume 1: Advances in Aerospace Technology 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Antonio C. Bertolino, Rocco Gentile, Giovanni Jacazio, Francesco Marino, Massimo Sorli. EHSA Primary Flight Controls Seals Wear Degradation Model. Volume 1: Advances in Aerospace Technology. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio C. Bertolino; Rocco Gentile; Giovanni Jacazio; Francesco Marino; Massimo Sorli. 2018. "EHSA Primary Flight Controls Seals Wear Degradation Model." Volume 1: Advances in Aerospace Technology , no. : 1.

Proceedings article
Published: 03 November 2017 in Volume 4A: Dynamics, Vibration, and Control
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Over the past years, a trend toward “more electric” equipment has arisen including flight control systems, leading to a tendency to replace the electro-hydraulic actuators (EHSAs) with electro-mechanical actuators (EMAs), which have however a too high jamming probability for a primary flight control system. An innovative jam tolerant approach is to make the EMA “jam-predictive” by monitoring its health state using effective prognostic algorithms. The need for a high-fidelity model is then paramount. In this study, basing on a typical architecture of an EMA, a detailed analysis of the developed dynamic non-linear ball screw model is presented. The backlash, friction parameters, a model of the rolling/sliding behaviour of a ball with rolling friction are taken into account, contact stiffness and preload are introduced. A discussion is presented on the results of a sensitivity analysis on the efficiency of the mechanism with respect to the above mentioned characteristic parameters under different operating conditions. The model and the results of the sensitivity analysis can be used to better understand the physics within the actuator and the ensuing fault-to-failure mechanisms which are needed for developing more efficient prognostic algorithms.

ACS Style

Antonio Carlo Bertolino; Giovanni Jacazio; Stefano Mauro; Massimo Sorli. High Fidelity Model of a Ball Screw Drive for a Flight Control Servoactuator. Volume 4A: Dynamics, Vibration, and Control 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Antonio Carlo Bertolino, Giovanni Jacazio, Stefano Mauro, Massimo Sorli. High Fidelity Model of a Ball Screw Drive for a Flight Control Servoactuator. Volume 4A: Dynamics, Vibration, and Control. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Carlo Bertolino; Giovanni Jacazio; Stefano Mauro; Massimo Sorli. 2017. "High Fidelity Model of a Ball Screw Drive for a Flight Control Servoactuator." Volume 4A: Dynamics, Vibration, and Control , no. : 1.