Sentiment analysis is crucial for studying public opinion since it can provide us with valuable information. Existing sentiment analysis methods rely on finding the sentiment element from the content of user-generated. However, the question of why a message produces certain emotions has not been well explored or utilized in previous works. To address this challenge, we propose a natural language explanation framework for sentiment analysis that provides sufficient domain knowledge for generating additional labelled data for each new labelling decision. A rule-based semantic parser transforms these explanations into programmatic labelling functions that generate noisy labels for an arbitrary amount of unlabelled sentiment information to train a sentiment analysis classifier. Experiments on two sentiment analysis datasets demonstrate the superiority it achieves over baseline methods by leveraging explanations as external knowledge to joint training a sentiment analysis model rather than only labels. An ablation study is conducted to clarify the relative contribution of natural language explanations.

Named entity recognition (NER) is an important task in the processing of natural language, which needs to determine entity boundaries and classify them into pre-defined categories. For low-resource languages, most state-of-the-art systems require tens of thousands of annotated sentences to obtain high performance. However, there is minimal annotated data available about Uyghur and Hungarian (UH languages) NER tasks. There are also specificities in each task—differences in words and word order across languages make it a challenging problem. In this paper, we present an effective solution to providing a meaningful and easy-to-use feature extractor for named entity recognition tasks: fine-tuning the pre-trained language model. Therefore, we propose a fine-tuning method for a low-resource language model, which constructs a fine-tuning dataset through data augmentation; then the dataset of a high-resource language is added; and finally the cross-language pre-trained model is fine-tuned on this dataset. In addition, we propose an attention-based fine-tuning strategy that uses symmetry to better select relevant semantic and syntactic information from pre-trained language models and apply these symmetry features to name entity recognition tasks. We evaluated our approach on Uyghur and Hungarian datasets, which showed wonderful performance compared to some strong baselines. We close with an overview of the available resources for named entity recognition and some of the open research questions.

Social media had a revolutionary impact because it provides an ideal platform for share information; however, it also leads to the publication and spreading of rumors. Existing rumor detection methods have relied on finding cues from only user-generated content, user profiles, or the structures of wide propagation. However, the previous works have ignored the organic combination of wide dispersion structures in rumor detection and text semantics. To this end, we propose KZWANG, a framework for rumor detection that provides sufficient domain knowledge to classify rumors accurately, and semantic information and a propagation heterogeneous graph are symmetry fused together. We utilize an attention mechanism to learn a semantic representation of text and introduce a GCN to capture the global and local relationships among all the source microblogs, reposts, and users. An organic combination of text semantics and propagating heterogeneous graphs is then used to train a rumor detection classifier. Experiments on Sina Weibo, Twitter15, and Twitter16 rumor detection datasets demonstrate the proposed model’s superiority over baseline methods. We also conduct an ablation study to understand the relative contributions of the various aspects of the method we proposed.

In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to text sentiment analysis, which has gradually become a research hotspot in information extraction, data mining, Natural Language Processing (NLP), and other fields. With the gradual popularization of the Internet, sentiment analysis of Uyghur texts has great research and application value in online public opinion. For low-resource languages, most state-of-the-art systems require tens of thousands of annotated sentences to get high performance. However, there is minimal annotated data available about Uyghur sentiment analysis tasks. There are also specificities in each task—differences in words and word order across languages make it a challenging problem. In this paper, we present an effective solution to providing a meaningful and easy-to-use feature extractor for sentiment analysis tasks: using the pre-trained language model with BiLSTM layer. Firstly, data augmentation is carried out by AEDA (An Easier Data Augmentation), and the augmented dataset is constructed to improve the performance of text classification tasks. Then, a pretraining model LaBSE is used to encode the input data. Then, BiLSTM is used to learn more context information. Finally, the validity of the model is verified via two categories datasets for sentiment analysis and five categories datasets for emotion analysis. We evaluated our approach on two datasets, which showed wonderful performance compared to some strong baselines. We close with an overview of the resources for sentiment analysis tasks and some of the open research questions. Therefore, we propose a combined deep learning and cross-language pretraining model for two low resource expectations.

Rumors may bring a negative impact on social life, and compared with pure textual rumors, online rumors with multiple modalities at the same time are more likely to mislead users and spread, so multimodal rumor detection cannot be ignored. Current detection methods for multimodal rumors do not focus on the fusion of text and picture-region object features, so we propose a multimodal fusion neural network TDEDA (dual-attention based on textual double embedding) applied to rumor detection, which performs a high-level information interaction at the text–image object level and captures visual features associated with keywords using an attention mechanism. In this way, we explored the ability to enhance feature representation with assistance from different modalities in rumor detection, as well as to capture the correlations of the dense interaction between images and text. We conducted comparative experiments on two multimodal rumor detection datasets. The experimental results showed that TDEDA could reasonably handle multimodal information and thus improve the accuracy of rumor detection compared with currently relevant multimodal rumor detection methods.