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Dr. Semra Aytur
Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Health and Human Services, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA

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Research article
Published: 04 May 2021 in Journal of Community Psychology
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Suicide is the second leading cause of death among youth in the United States. Data from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey of 9th–12th grade students in New Hampshire (N = 14,837) were utilized. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression models to evaluate associations between suicidal ideation, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and other risk factors including using opioids/drugs without a prescription and food insecurity. We also examined whether potentially protective behaviors may attenuate the relationship between ACEs and suicidal ideation. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 15.4% (girls 20.15; boys 10.67). In unadjusted models, the crude odds ratio reflecting the relationship between suicidal ideation and higher ACE scores was 1.85 (95% CI 1.76–1.94). In adjusted models, suicidal ideation remained positively associated with higher ACE scores (aOR 1.61, 95% CI 1.52–1.70). Risk and protective behavioral factors identified in relation to suicidal ideation and ACEs are discussed within the context of community–academic partnerships and policy.

ACS Style

Semra A. Aytur; Sydney Carlino; Felicity Bernard; Kelsi West; Victoria Dobrzycki; Riana Malik. Social‐ecological theory, substance misuse, adverse childhood experiences, and adolescent suicidal ideation: Applications for community–academic partnerships. Journal of Community Psychology 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Semra A. Aytur, Sydney Carlino, Felicity Bernard, Kelsi West, Victoria Dobrzycki, Riana Malik. Social‐ecological theory, substance misuse, adverse childhood experiences, and adolescent suicidal ideation: Applications for community–academic partnerships. Journal of Community Psychology. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Semra A. Aytur; Sydney Carlino; Felicity Bernard; Kelsi West; Victoria Dobrzycki; Riana Malik. 2021. "Social‐ecological theory, substance misuse, adverse childhood experiences, and adolescent suicidal ideation: Applications for community–academic partnerships." Journal of Community Psychology , no. : 1.

Original research article
Published: 05 February 2021 in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
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Over 100 million Americans suffer from chronic pain (CP), which causes more disability than any other medical condition in the United States at a cost of $560–$635 billion per year (Institute of Medicine, 2011). Opioid analgesics are frequently used to treat CP. However, long term use of opioids can cause brain changes such as opioid-induced hyperalgesia that, over time, increase pain sensation. Also, opioids fail to treat complex psychological factors that worsen pain-related disability, including beliefs about and emotional responses to pain. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can be efficacious for CP. However, CBT generally does not focus on important factors needed for long-term functional improvement, including attainment of personal goals and the psychological flexibility to choose responses to pain. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) has been recognized as an effective, non-pharmacologic treatment for a variety of CP conditions (Gutierrez et al., 2004). However, little is known about the neurologic mechanisms underlying ACT. We conducted an ACT intervention in women (n = 9) with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected pre- and post-ACT, and changes in functional connectivity (FC) were measured using Network-Based Statistics (NBS). Behavioral outcomes were measured using validated assessments such as the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II), the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the NIH Toolbox Neuro-QoLTM (Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders) scales. Results suggest that, following the 4-week ACT intervention, participants exhibited reductions in brain activation within and between key networks including self-reflection (default mode, DMN), emotion (salience, SN), and cognitive control (frontal parietal, FPN). These changes in connectivity strength were correlated with changes in behavioral outcomes including decreased depression and pain interference, and increased participation in social roles. This study is one of the first to demonstrate that improved function across the DMN, SN, and FPN may drive the positive outcomes associated with ACT. This study contributes to the emerging evidence supporting the use of neurophysiological indices to characterize treatment effects of alternative and complementary mind-body therapies.

ACS Style

Semra A. Aytur; Kimberly L. Ray; Sarah K. Meier; Jenna Campbell; Barry Gendron; Noah Waller; Donald A. Robin. Neural Mechanisms of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Network-Based fMRI Approach. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2021, 15, 1 .

AMA Style

Semra A. Aytur, Kimberly L. Ray, Sarah K. Meier, Jenna Campbell, Barry Gendron, Noah Waller, Donald A. Robin. Neural Mechanisms of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Network-Based fMRI Approach. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 2021; 15 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Semra A. Aytur; Kimberly L. Ray; Sarah K. Meier; Jenna Campbell; Barry Gendron; Noah Waller; Donald A. Robin. 2021. "Neural Mechanisms of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Network-Based fMRI Approach." Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 15, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2020 in Brain Sciences
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Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a costly and prevalent condition that affects the lives of over 50 million individuals in the United States. Chronic pain leads to functional brain changes in those suffering from the condition. Not only does the primary pain network transform as the condition changes from acute to persistent pain, a state of hyper-connectivity also exists between the default mode, frontoparietal, and salience networks. Graph theory analysis has recently been used to investigate treatment-driven brain network changes. For example, current research suggests that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) may reduce the chronic pain associated hyper-connectivity between the default mode, frontoparietal, and salience networks, as well as within the salience network. This study extended previous work by examining the associations between the three networks above and a meta-analytically derived pain network. Results indicate decreased connectivity within the pain network (including left putamen, right insula, left insula, and right thalamus) in addition to triple network connectivity changes after the four-week Acceptance and Commitment Therapy intervention.

ACS Style

Sarah K. Meier; Kimberly L. Ray; Noah C. Waller; Barry C. Gendron; Semra A. Aytur; Donald A. Robin. Network Analysis of Induced Neural Plasticity Post-Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain. Brain Sciences 2020, 11, 10 .

AMA Style

Sarah K. Meier, Kimberly L. Ray, Noah C. Waller, Barry C. Gendron, Semra A. Aytur, Donald A. Robin. Network Analysis of Induced Neural Plasticity Post-Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain. Brain Sciences. 2020; 11 (1):10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sarah K. Meier; Kimberly L. Ray; Noah C. Waller; Barry C. Gendron; Semra A. Aytur; Donald A. Robin. 2020. "Network Analysis of Induced Neural Plasticity Post-Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain." Brain Sciences 11, no. 1: 10.

Journal article
Published: 15 September 2020 in Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
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Purpose Brain imaging has provided puzzle pieces in the understanding of language. In neurologically healthy populations, the structure of certain brain regions is associated with particular language functions (e.g., semantics, phonology). In studies on focal brain damage, certain brain regions or connections are considered sufficient or necessary for a given language function. However, few of these account for the effects of lesioned tissue on the “functional” dynamics of the brain for language processing. Here, functional connectivity (FC) among semantic–phonological regions of interest (ROIs) is assessed to fill a gap in our understanding about the neural substrates of impaired language and whether connectivity strength can predict language performance on a clinical tool in individuals with aphasia. Method Clinical assessment of language, using the Western Aphasia Battery–Revised, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained for 30 individuals with chronic aphasia secondary to left-hemisphere stroke and 18 age-matched healthy controls. FC between bilateral ROIs was contrasted by group and used to predict Western Aphasia Battery–Revised scores. Results Network coherence was observed in healthy controls and participants with stroke. The left–right premotor cortex connection was stronger in healthy controls, as reported by New et al. (2015) in the same data set. FC of (a) connections between temporal regions, in the left hemisphere and bilaterally, predicted lexical–semantic processing for auditory comprehension and (b) ipsilateral connections between temporal and frontal regions in both hemispheres predicted access to semantic–phonological representations and processing for verbal production. Conclusions Network connectivity of brain regions associated with semantic–phonological processing is predictive of language performance in poststroke aphasia. The most predictive connections involved right-hemisphere ROIs—particularly those for which structural adaptions are known to associate with recovered word retrieval performance. Predictions may be made, based on these findings, about which connections have potential as targets for neuroplastic functional changes with intervention in aphasia. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12735785

ACS Style

Amy E. Ramage; Semra Aytur; Kirrie J. Ballard. Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Connectivity Between Semantic and Phonological Regions of Interest May Inform Language Targets in Aphasia. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 2020, 63, 3051 -3067.

AMA Style

Amy E. Ramage, Semra Aytur, Kirrie J. Ballard. Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Connectivity Between Semantic and Phonological Regions of Interest May Inform Language Targets in Aphasia. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 2020; 63 (9):3051-3067.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amy E. Ramage; Semra Aytur; Kirrie J. Ballard. 2020. "Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Connectivity Between Semantic and Phonological Regions of Interest May Inform Language Targets in Aphasia." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 9: 3051-3067.

Other
Published: 13 August 2020
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Over 100 million Americans suffer from chronic pain (CP), which causes more disability than any other medical condition in the U.S. at a cost of $560-$635 billion per year (IOM, 2011). Opioid analgesics are frequently used to treat CP. However, long term use of opioids can cause brain changes such as opioid-induced hyperalgesia that, over time, increase pain sensation. Also, opioids fail to treat complex psychological factors that worsen pain-related disability, including beliefs about and emotional responses to pain. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can be efficacious for CP. However, CBT generally does not focus on important factors needed for long-term functional improvement, including attainment of personal goals and the psychological flexibility to choose responses to pain. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) has been recognized as an effective, non-pharmacologic treatment for a variety of CP conditions. However, little is known about the neurologic mechanisms underlying ACT. We conducted an ACT intervention in women (n=9) with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected pre- and post-ACT, and changes in functional connectivity (FC) were measured using Network-Based Statistics (NBS). Behavioral outcomes were measured using validated assessments such as the Acceptance & Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II), the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the NIH Toolbox Neuro-QoL™ (Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders) scales. Results suggest that, following the four-week ACT intervention, participants exhibited reductions in brain activation within and between key networks including self-reflection (default mode, DMN), emotion (salience, SN), and cognitive control (frontal parietal, FPN). These changes in connectivity strength were correlated with changes in behavioral outcomes including decreased depression and pain interference, and increased participation in social roles. This study is one of the first to demonstrate that improved function across the DMN, SN, and FPN may drive the positive outcomes associated with ACT. This study contributes to the emerging evidence supporting the use of neurophysiological indices to characterize treatment effects of alternative and complementary mind-body therapies. Perspective This article identifies neural mechanisms that may mediate behavioral changes associated with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in persons with chronic musculoskeletal pain. This information could potentially help clinicians to determine which mind-body therapies may benefit specific patients as part of an integrative pain management approach.

ACS Style

Semra A. Aytur; Kimberly L. Ray; Sarah K. Meier; Jenna Campbell; Barry Gendron; Noah Waller; Donald A. Robin. Neural Mechanisms of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Network-Based fMRI Approach. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Semra A. Aytur, Kimberly L. Ray, Sarah K. Meier, Jenna Campbell, Barry Gendron, Noah Waller, Donald A. Robin. Neural Mechanisms of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Network-Based fMRI Approach. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Semra A. Aytur; Kimberly L. Ray; Sarah K. Meier; Jenna Campbell; Barry Gendron; Noah Waller; Donald A. Robin. 2020. "Neural Mechanisms of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Network-Based fMRI Approach." , no. : 1.

Other
Published: 01 July 2020
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PurposeBrain imaging has provided puzzle pieces in the understanding of language. In neurologically healthy populations, structure of certain brain regions is associated with particular language functions (e.g., semantics, phonology). In studies on focal brain damage, certain brain regions or connections are considered sufficient or necessary for a given language function. However, few of these account for the effects of lesioned tissue on the functional dynamics of the brain for language processing. Here, functional connectivity amongst semantic-phonologic regions of interest (ROIs) is assessed to fill a gap in our understanding about the neural substrates of impaired language and whether connectivity strength can predict language performance on a clinical tool in individuals with aphasia.MethodClinical assessment of language, using the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised (WAB-R), and resting-state fMRI data were obtained for 30 individuals with chronic aphasia secondary to left hemisphere stroke and 18 age-matched healthy controls. Functional connectivity (FC) between bilateral ROIs was contrasted by group and used to predict WAB-R scores.ResultsNetwork coherence was observed in healthy controls and participants with stroke. The left-right premotor cortex connection was stronger in healthy controls, as reported by New et al. (2015) in the same data set. FC of (1) bilateral connections between temporal regions, in the left hemisphere and bilaterally, predicted lexical semantic processing for Auditory Comprehension and (2) ipsilateral connections between temporal and frontal regions in both hemispheres predicted access to semantic-phonologic representations and processing for verbal production.ConclusionsNetwork connectivity of brain regions associated with semantic-phonologic processing is predictive of language performance in post-stroke aphasia. The most predictive connections involved right hemisphere ROIs – particularly those for which structural adaptions are known to associate with recovered word retrieval performance. Predictions may be made, based on these findings, about which connections have potential as targets for neuroplastic functional changes with intervention in aphasia.

ACS Style

Amy E. Ramage; Semra Aytur; Kirrie J. Ballard. Resting-state fMRI Connectivity between Semantic and Phonologic Regions of Interest May Inform Language Targets in Aphasia. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Amy E. Ramage, Semra Aytur, Kirrie J. Ballard. Resting-state fMRI Connectivity between Semantic and Phonologic Regions of Interest May Inform Language Targets in Aphasia. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amy E. Ramage; Semra Aytur; Kirrie J. Ballard. 2020. "Resting-state fMRI Connectivity between Semantic and Phonologic Regions of Interest May Inform Language Targets in Aphasia." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 09 April 2019 in Sustainability
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The notion of sustainable infrastructure for the delivery of social services is to fulfill basic human needs; in war-torn societies, human safety is a critical basic need. The relationship between sustainable infrastructure development and human safety remains underresearched in Afghan neighborhoods. Therefore, this study examined the effectiveness of the police facilities constructed for stability enhancement in Afghan communities. To do so, this study used Afghans’ polling datasets on the police presence and the public safety perceptions, including newly collected survey data related to the influence of the police facilities on human safety and other factors contributing to the neighborhoods’ well-being. The datasets are organized with a multilevel structure in which different individuals are sampled within neighborhoods and analyzed using a multilevel model approach to capture the randomness of the responses. The results showed that police facilities are more important to perceptions of safety in less safe areas and that Afghans in villages perceived themselves as safer than in urban areas, relative to their own immediate region. Those perceiving themselves as being safer were older, more highly educated, and widowed respondents. Overall, Afghans perceived the police facilities as institutional symbol for promoting improvements and opportunities for fulfilling basic human safety needs.

ACS Style

Rosa T. Affleck; Kevin Gardner; Semra Aytur; Cynthia Carlson; Curt Grimm; Elias Deeb. Sustainable Infrastructure in Conflict Zones: Police Facilities’ Impact on Perception of Safety in Afghan Communities. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2113 .

AMA Style

Rosa T. Affleck, Kevin Gardner, Semra Aytur, Cynthia Carlson, Curt Grimm, Elias Deeb. Sustainable Infrastructure in Conflict Zones: Police Facilities’ Impact on Perception of Safety in Afghan Communities. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (7):2113.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rosa T. Affleck; Kevin Gardner; Semra Aytur; Cynthia Carlson; Curt Grimm; Elias Deeb. 2019. "Sustainable Infrastructure in Conflict Zones: Police Facilities’ Impact on Perception of Safety in Afghan Communities." Sustainability 11, no. 7: 2113.

Research article
Published: 13 January 2016 in Environment and Behavior
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The National Prevention Strategy recognizes active living as a priority area for reducing the burden of chronic disease and emphasizes safe and healthy community environments as a key strategic direction to improve population health. New financial incentives created by legislation such as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, complemented by recent private sector interest in health-related community investing, provide an unprecedented opportunity to support healthy behaviors while improving areas where we live, learn, work, and play. In this article, we qualitatively explore health-related community investing strategies that can be leveraged to implement active living strategies to promote healthy behavior. We provide a synthesis of case examples illustrating innovative cross-sector partnerships and discuss promising new initiatives to align resources. We found that although such partnerships are increasing nationwide, targeted support for cross-sector engagement is needed to strategically align investments, replicate and scale efforts, and maximize collective impact.

ACS Style

Semra Aytur; Timothy Marquis; Philip Bors; Julia Katz; Richard Bell. The Role of Health-Related Community Investing As a Strategy to Promote Active Living. Environment and Behavior 2016, 48, 89 -110.

AMA Style

Semra Aytur, Timothy Marquis, Philip Bors, Julia Katz, Richard Bell. The Role of Health-Related Community Investing As a Strategy to Promote Active Living. Environment and Behavior. 2016; 48 (1):89-110.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Semra Aytur; Timothy Marquis; Philip Bors; Julia Katz; Richard Bell. 2016. "The Role of Health-Related Community Investing As a Strategy to Promote Active Living." Environment and Behavior 48, no. 1: 89-110.

Journal article
Published: 22 October 2015 in Buildings
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Transportation infrastructure and transportation behaviors consume significant natural resources and are costly to municipalities, states, and the federal government. Small cities, in particular, may find themselves with high costs. Although transportation has been extensively investigated, methods that may enable small cities to act are still lacking. To investigate the influence that neighborhood-level built environment characteristics have on adult personal transportation decisions within small cities, this study combined community-based research, a multi-level analysis of residents, and a case study approach in two (North-Eastern United States) New Hampshire cities, Portsmouth and Manchester. Neighborhood-level physical characteristics were determined using Geographic Information Systems and visual surveys. Resident-level characteristics and behaviors were determined by survey of adult residents. Data were supplemented with input from and collaboration with city representatives. The results showed significant relationships between self-reported destination walking and built environment characteristics in the neighborhoods studied. Furthermore, the results showed variability between neighborhoods, underscoring the importance of local factors and behaviors. The results suggested that small cities and their regional planning organizations can make changes to specific existing neighborhoods to remove barriers to walking and allow more residents to choose walking as a transportation mode, but the changes that are most effective vary by neighborhood.

ACS Style

Cynthia Carlson; Semra A Aytur; Kevin H Gardner; Shannon Rogers. The Importance of the “Local” in Walkability. Buildings 2015, 5, 1187 -1206.

AMA Style

Cynthia Carlson, Semra A Aytur, Kevin H Gardner, Shannon Rogers. The Importance of the “Local” in Walkability. Buildings. 2015; 5 (4):1187-1206.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cynthia Carlson; Semra A Aytur; Kevin H Gardner; Shannon Rogers. 2015. "The Importance of the “Local” in Walkability." Buildings 5, no. 4: 1187-1206.

Journal article
Published: 31 January 2013 in Accident Analysis & Prevention
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This study examined the association between the presence of pedestrian and bicycle plans to pedestrian and bicyclist nonfatal and fatal injuries from 1997 to 2009 among 553 North Carolina (NC) municipalities. We considered all municipal plans (n = 92; 49 pedestrian; 34 bicycle; and 9 combined plans featuring pedestrian and bicyclist components) published through 2009. Counts of pedestrian and bicyclist nonfatal and fatal injuries came from the NC Department of Transportation crash database, and the estimated number of pedestrian and bicycle trips per municipality in one year were used to calculate pedestrian and bicyclist nonfatal and fatal injury rates. In the 13-year study period, pedestrian/combined municipality plans and bicycle/combined municipality plans were present for 189 (2.6%) and 238 (3.3%) municipality-years, respectively. There were 11,795 nonfatal injuries, 9237 possible nonfatal injuries, and 1075 fatal injuries sustained by pedestrians in pedestrian–motor vehicle crashes. There were 4842 nonfatal injuries, 3666 possible nonfatal injuries, and 134 fatal injuries sustained by bicyclists in bicyclist–motor vehicle crashes. Although not statistically significant, unadjusted nonfatal and fatal injury rates among pedestrians and bicyclists were lower in those municipality-years in which plans had been published that year or in a year prior, compared to municipality-years lacking a plan. Adjusted rate ratios (RR) indicated that pedestrian nonfatal and fatal injury rates decreased in municipality-years with publication of pedestrian/combined plans (nonfatal injury RR: 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68, 0.82; fatal injury RR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.85). However, bicyclist nonfatal and fatal injury rates did not significantly change with publication of bicyclist/combined plans. Our research suggests that plan publication is associated with lower rates of nonfatal and fatal injury in pedestrians; this association was not observed for bicyclists. Further work must determine how the extent of implementation and quality of safety-related content within these plans affects changes in nonfatal and fatal injury rates.

ACS Style

Zachary Y. Kerr; Daniel A. Rodriguez; Kelly R. Evenson; Semra A. Aytur. Pedestrian and bicycle plans and the incidence of crash-related injuries. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2013, 50, 1252 -1258.

AMA Style

Zachary Y. Kerr, Daniel A. Rodriguez, Kelly R. Evenson, Semra A. Aytur. Pedestrian and bicycle plans and the incidence of crash-related injuries. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2013; 50 ():1252-1258.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zachary Y. Kerr; Daniel A. Rodriguez; Kelly R. Evenson; Semra A. Aytur. 2013. "Pedestrian and bicycle plans and the incidence of crash-related injuries." Accident Analysis & Prevention 50, no. : 1252-1258.

Comparative study
Published: 01 April 2011 in Family & Community Health
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Pedestrian and bicycle planning has traditionally been viewed from an urban design perspective, rather than a rural or regional planning perspective. This study examined the prevalence and quality of pedestrian and bicycle plans in North Carolina according to geography, regional planning, and sociodemographics. Plan prevalence was lower, but plan quality tended to be higher, in rural areas compared with urban areas. Correlations between plan prevalence and active commuting were strongest in lower-income rural areas. By engaging in the planning process, rural residents and other stakeholders can support active living.

ACS Style

Semra A. Aytur; Sara B. Satinsky; Kelly R. Evenson; Daniel A. Rodríguez. Pedestrian and Bicycle Planning in Rural Communities. Family & Community Health 2011, 34, 173 -181.

AMA Style

Semra A. Aytur, Sara B. Satinsky, Kelly R. Evenson, Daniel A. Rodríguez. Pedestrian and Bicycle Planning in Rural Communities. Family & Community Health. 2011; 34 (2):173-181.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Semra A. Aytur; Sara B. Satinsky; Kelly R. Evenson; Daniel A. Rodríguez. 2011. "Pedestrian and Bicycle Planning in Rural Communities." Family & Community Health 34, no. 2: 173-181.

Journal article
Published: 30 September 2008 in Preventive Medicine
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There is a paucity of research examining associations between walking and environmental attributes that are more modifiable in the short term, such as car parking availability, access to transit, neighborhood traffic, walkways and trails, and sidewalks. Adults were recruited between April 2004 and September 2006 in the Minneapolis-St Paul metropolitan area and in Montgomery County, Maryland using similar research designs in the two locations. Self-reported and objective environmental measures were calculated for participants' neighborhoods. Self-reported physical activity was collected through the long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-LF). Generalized estimating equations were used to examine adjusted associations between environmental measures and transport and overall walking. Participants (n=887) averaged 47 years of age (SD=13.65) and reported 67 min/week (SD=121.21) of transport walking and 159 min/week (SD=187.85) of non-occupational walking. Perceived car parking difficulty was positively related to higher levels of transport walking (OR 1.41, 95%CI: 1.18, 1.69) and overall walking (OR 1.18, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.37). Self-reported ease of walking to a transit stop was negatively associated with transport walking (OR 0.86, 95%CI: 0.76, 0.97), but this relationship was moderated by perceived access to destinations. Walking to transit also was related to non-occupational walking (OR 0.85, 95%CI: 0.73, 0.99). Parking difficulty and perceived ease of access to transit are modifiable neighborhood characteristics associated with self-reported walking.

ACS Style

Daniel A. Rodríguez; Semra Aytur; Ann Forsyth; J. Michael Oakes; Kelly J. Clifton. Relation of modifiable neighborhood attributes to walking. Preventive Medicine 2008, 47, 260 -264.

AMA Style

Daniel A. Rodríguez, Semra Aytur, Ann Forsyth, J. Michael Oakes, Kelly J. Clifton. Relation of modifiable neighborhood attributes to walking. Preventive Medicine. 2008; 47 (3):260-264.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel A. Rodríguez; Semra Aytur; Ann Forsyth; J. Michael Oakes; Kelly J. Clifton. 2008. "Relation of modifiable neighborhood attributes to walking." Preventive Medicine 47, no. 3: 260-264.