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Uneven electrification can be a source of welfare disparity. Given the recent progress of electrification in India, we analyze the differences in access and reliability of electric- ity, and its impact on household welfare for marginalized and dominant social groups by caste and religion. We carry out longitudinal analysis from a national survey, 2005–2012, using OLS, fixed effects and panel instrumental variable regressions. Our analysis shows that marginalized groups (Hindu SC/ST and Muslims) had higher likelihood of electricity access compared to the dominant groups (Hindu forward castes and OBC). In terms of electricity reliability, in a period when the all households lost electricity hours, marginalized groups lost less electricity hours in a day as compared to domi- nant groups. Results showed that electrification enabled marginalized households to increase their consumption, assets and move out of poverty, but the effect was smaller as compared to dominant groups. Overall, the effects were more pronounced in rural areas. The findings are robust to alternative ways of measuring consumption, and other robustness checks. We posit that electrification increased household welfare of marginalized groups, but did not reduce absolute disparities among social groups.
Ashish Kumar Sedai; Tooraj Jamasb; Rabindra Nepal; Ray Miller. Electrification and welfare for the marginalized: Evidence from India. Energy Economics 2021, 102, 105473 .
AMA StyleAshish Kumar Sedai, Tooraj Jamasb, Rabindra Nepal, Ray Miller. Electrification and welfare for the marginalized: Evidence from India. Energy Economics. 2021; 102 ():105473.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAshish Kumar Sedai; Tooraj Jamasb; Rabindra Nepal; Ray Miller. 2021. "Electrification and welfare for the marginalized: Evidence from India." Energy Economics 102, no. : 105473.
Integrating the captive capacity with the on-grid supply has been advocated as a way to improve resource utilization in the electricity market in developing and emerging countries. Despite many countries granting Captive Power Plants (CPPs) access to the grid, integration may still be hindered by other barriers to entry. In Bangladesh, CPPs are required to sell their electricity surplus, but there is no evidence of trading with the national grid, mostly due to high connectivity costs. In this paper we develop and estimate a fit-for purpose Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model to examine the effects of the Bangladeshi CPPs connecting to the national grid and selling their surplus at regulated prices. The model parameters are set through a combination of calibration and Bayesian estimation. We find that if CPPs are connected to the national grid, steady-state industrial output, GDP, and household consumption decrease due to pre-existing energy price distortions. These results support the second-best theory, which implies that merely connecting the CPPs to the national grid without firstly removing market distortions can lead to economically inefficient outcomes. Instead, government should first consider alternative reforms such as phasing out subsidised tariffs and enabling a competitive market environment.
Sakib Amin; Tooraj Jamasb; Manuel Llorca; Laura Marsiliani; Thomas I. Renström; Agnirup Sarkar. Captive power, market access and macroeconomic performance: Reforming the Bangladesh electricity sector. Energy Economics 2021, 105468 .
AMA StyleSakib Amin, Tooraj Jamasb, Manuel Llorca, Laura Marsiliani, Thomas I. Renström, Agnirup Sarkar. Captive power, market access and macroeconomic performance: Reforming the Bangladesh electricity sector. Energy Economics. 2021; ():105468.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSakib Amin; Tooraj Jamasb; Manuel Llorca; Laura Marsiliani; Thomas I. Renström; Agnirup Sarkar. 2021. "Captive power, market access and macroeconomic performance: Reforming the Bangladesh electricity sector." Energy Economics , no. : 105468.
Regulatory experimentation is a novel approach to enable innovation in the energy sector, while maintaining the protection of consumers. We define regulatory experimentation as a temporary removal of regulatory barriers. This can be in the form of a derogation from a rule, but it can also mean assigning responsibility to players to conduct activities that they are normally not allowed to engage in. The outcomes of regulatory experiments inform future regulation. In this paper, we discuss experiences with regulatory experimentation in the energy sector of three pioneering countries: the Netherlands, Great Britain, and Italy. We compare the implementations along six design dimensions: eligible project promoters, scope of the derogations, length of the derogations, administration of the experiments, the access to public funding, and transparency. We also discuss how the early approaches have evolved in these countries. Finally, we look ahead and discuss how regulatory experimentation can evolve in the future European context to contribute to the green transition.
Tim Schittekatte; Leonardo Meeus; Tooraj Jamasb; Manuel Llorca. Regulatory experimentation in energy: Three pioneer countries and lessons for the green transition. Energy Policy 2021, 156, 112382 .
AMA StyleTim Schittekatte, Leonardo Meeus, Tooraj Jamasb, Manuel Llorca. Regulatory experimentation in energy: Three pioneer countries and lessons for the green transition. Energy Policy. 2021; 156 ():112382.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTim Schittekatte; Leonardo Meeus; Tooraj Jamasb; Manuel Llorca. 2021. "Regulatory experimentation in energy: Three pioneer countries and lessons for the green transition." Energy Policy 156, no. : 112382.
It is generally accepted that institutions are important for economic development. However, whether the performance of regulated utilities within a country is affected by the quality of institutions is yet to be investigated thoroughly. We analyse how the quality of regional institutions impact performance of Italian electricity distribution utilities. We use a stochastic frontier analysis approach to estimate cost functions and examine the performance of 107 electricity distribution utilities from 2011 to 2015. This unique dataset was constructed with the help of the Italian Regulator for Energy, Networks, and Environment. In addition, we use a recent dataset on regional institutional quality in Italy. We present evidence that utilities in regions with better responsiveness towards citizens, control of corruption, and rule of law, tend to be more cost efficient. The results suggest that national regulators should take regional institutional diversity into account in incentive regulation and efficiency benchmarking of utilities.
Golnoush Soroush; Carlo Cambini; Tooraj Jamasb; Manuel Llorca. Network utilities performance and institutional quality: Evidence from the Italian electricity sector. Energy Economics 2021, 96, 105177 .
AMA StyleGolnoush Soroush, Carlo Cambini, Tooraj Jamasb, Manuel Llorca. Network utilities performance and institutional quality: Evidence from the Italian electricity sector. Energy Economics. 2021; 96 ():105177.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGolnoush Soroush; Carlo Cambini; Tooraj Jamasb; Manuel Llorca. 2021. "Network utilities performance and institutional quality: Evidence from the Italian electricity sector." Energy Economics 96, no. : 105177.
It is commonly accepted in the economic literature that institutions influence economic development. But can we detect the effect of quality of institutions on the performance of specific economic sectors in the regions of a country? There is a significant gap in knowledge and evidence of this in the literature. Since the 1990s, India has adopted a set of reform steps to improve the efficiency of its electricity sector. However, there remain significant performance differences among the regulated network utilities. We apply a stochastic frontier analysis to examine the performance of electricity distribution utilities in 24 Indian states. Our estimated heteroscedastic cost frontier model allows us to identify determinants of performance related to state-level institutional and economic factors. The findings confirm that economic development and institutional quality positively affect the performance of electricity distribution utilities. Additionally, we simulate the potential cost savings from institutional enhancements. The results support the need to strengthen the institutions, for example, through reform and bolstering of independent regulatory agencies.
Tooraj Jamasb; Manuel Llorca; Pavan Khetrapal; Tripta Thakur. Institutions and performance of regulated firms: Evidence from electricity distribution in India. Economic Analysis and Policy 2021, 70, 68 -82.
AMA StyleTooraj Jamasb, Manuel Llorca, Pavan Khetrapal, Tripta Thakur. Institutions and performance of regulated firms: Evidence from electricity distribution in India. Economic Analysis and Policy. 2021; 70 ():68-82.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTooraj Jamasb; Manuel Llorca; Pavan Khetrapal; Tripta Thakur. 2021. "Institutions and performance of regulated firms: Evidence from electricity distribution in India." Economic Analysis and Policy 70, no. : 68-82.
In recent times, improvement in building designs has been on a steady upward trend, precipitated by large greenhouse gas emissions of energy draining outmoded construction materials. Global energy crisis exacerbated by climate change has motivated the design and construction of energy-efficient Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB). This paper proposes an energy management strategy for grid-connected Net Zero Energy Buildings that help to achieve a net zero balance of energy in Electrical Grid Photovoltaic-connected NZEB homes. The significance of NZEB was evaluated by providing insights into cost-savings for the consumer’s net energy consumption and reduced carbon footprint. The proffered energy management strategy uses a single-objective Differential Evolution (DE) optimization algorithm that prunes the demand for electrical energy through an efficacious appliance scheduling routine. A novel mathematical energy index is introduced that enables consumers to monitor the net energy imported from the electrical grid and maintain a zero energy index. The proposed net zero energy concept is validated using DE and Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based optimization techniques.
Deepthisree Madathil; V. Ravikumar Pandi; Manjula G. Nair; Tooraj Jamasb; Tripta Thakur. Net Zero Energy in a Residential Building Using Heuristic Optimization Solution. Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems 2021, 32, 458 -471.
AMA StyleDeepthisree Madathil, V. Ravikumar Pandi, Manjula G. Nair, Tooraj Jamasb, Tripta Thakur. Net Zero Energy in a Residential Building Using Heuristic Optimization Solution. Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems. 2021; 32 (2):458-471.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeepthisree Madathil; V. Ravikumar Pandi; Manjula G. Nair; Tooraj Jamasb; Tripta Thakur. 2021. "Net Zero Energy in a Residential Building Using Heuristic Optimization Solution." Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems 32, no. 2: 458-471.
Since no previous study assesses the relative efficacy of government versus private investment on energy consumption in South Asia under the reform initiatives, in this study, we try to fill this gap in a panel framework over the period 1980–2016. As the panel data shows cross-dependencies across the cross-sections, the Pesaran’s Cross-Sectionally Augmented Dickey–Fuller (CADF) and Cross-Sectionally Augmented IPS (CIPS) tests are used to check the stationary properties. Besides, a structural break augmented panel unit root is also done to find the stationary properties in the presence of structural breaks. The Durbin–Hausman test is further applied to identify the variables’ cointegrating relationship. The Dumitrescu–Hurlin panel causality test finds a one-way causality between energy consumption and private investment but no causality between government investment and energy consumption. According to Pool Mean Group (PMG) Panel Autoregressive-Distributive Lag (ARDL) estimation results, there is no significant linkage between government and private investments and energy consumption in the absence of the reform initiatives. On the contrary, in energy sector reform, private investment efficiently stimulates energy consumption in the selected South Asian countries; however, government investment is ineffective in promoting energy consumption. We recommend that policymakers find an optimal institutional reform policy to improve government investment efficiency in South Asia.
Sakib Amin; Tooraj Jamasb; Rabindra Nepal. Regulatory reform and the relative efficacy of government versus private investment on energy consumption in South Asia. Economic Analysis and Policy 2020, 69, 421 -433.
AMA StyleSakib Amin, Tooraj Jamasb, Rabindra Nepal. Regulatory reform and the relative efficacy of government versus private investment on energy consumption in South Asia. Economic Analysis and Policy. 2020; 69 ():421-433.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSakib Amin; Tooraj Jamasb; Rabindra Nepal. 2020. "Regulatory reform and the relative efficacy of government versus private investment on energy consumption in South Asia." Economic Analysis and Policy 69, no. : 421-433.
Energy poverty remains prevalent in many African countries, hindering economic development and exacerbating social inequalities. Simultaneously, population growth throughout the continent is expected to perpetuate the already high demand for basic energy services into the coming decades. Private sector finance is increasingly regarded as a necessary ingredient to remedy Africa’s energy challenges and to stimulate the adoption of renewable energy. However, investments remain insufficient for the burgeoning infrastructure requirements of the African economies. This paper seeks to delineate the financial and non-financial drivers of investment decisions to understand better the barriers to private participation in African renewable energy projects. Using a fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach, we evaluate country-level characteristics and their influence on investor decisions. Investor confidence in regulatory effectiveness is identified as the primary concern for investors. Local capacity building and policy instruments, designed to overcome institutional rigidities, are among the preferred solutions. The findings indicate that non-financial drivers contribute to understanding Africa’s private energy investment challenges.
Kenny Baumli; Tooraj Jamasb. Assessing Private Investment in African Renewable Energy Infrastructure: A Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Approach. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9425 .
AMA StyleKenny Baumli, Tooraj Jamasb. Assessing Private Investment in African Renewable Energy Infrastructure: A Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Approach. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9425.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKenny Baumli; Tooraj Jamasb. 2020. "Assessing Private Investment in African Renewable Energy Infrastructure: A Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9425.
This study investigates the volatility connectedness between the Irish and Great Britain electricity markets and how it is driven by changes in energy policy, institutional structures and political ideologies. We assess various aspects of this volatility connectedness including static (unconditional) vs dynamic (conditional), symmetric vs asymmetric characteristics between 2009 and 2018. We find that the volatility connectedness is time-varying and it is significantly affected by important events, policy reforms or market re-designs such as Brexit, oil price slump, an increasing share of renewables, and fluctuations in the exchange rates. Our asymmetric analysis shows that magnitude of the good volatility connectedness is marginally larger than that of the bad volatility connectedness. Our result suggests that good volatility levels would be even higher once the Irish market adopts the carbon price floor. Therefore, supporting renewable generation by setting an appropriate price of carbon in interconnected wholesale electricity markets will improve market integration.
Hung Xuan Do; Rabindra Nepal; Tooraj Jamasb. Electricity market integration, decarbonisation and security of supply: Dynamic volatility connectedness in the Irish and Great Britain markets. Energy Economics 2020, 92, 104947 .
AMA StyleHung Xuan Do, Rabindra Nepal, Tooraj Jamasb. Electricity market integration, decarbonisation and security of supply: Dynamic volatility connectedness in the Irish and Great Britain markets. Energy Economics. 2020; 92 ():104947.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHung Xuan Do; Rabindra Nepal; Tooraj Jamasb. 2020. "Electricity market integration, decarbonisation and security of supply: Dynamic volatility connectedness in the Irish and Great Britain markets." Energy Economics 92, no. : 104947.
Energy efficiency has become a primary energy policy goal in Europe and many countries and has conditioned the policies towards energy-intensive sectors such as road freight transport. However, energy efficiency improvements can lead to changes in the demand for energy services that offset some of the achieved energy savings in the form of rebound effects. Consequently, forecasts of energy savings can be overstated. This paper analyses the energy efficiency and rebound effects for road freight transport in 15 European countries during the 1992–2012 period. We use a recent methodology to estimate an energy demand function using a stochastic frontier analysis approach and examine the influence of key features of rebound effect in the road freight transport sector. We obtain, on average, a fuel efficiency of 89% and a rebound effect of 4%. Our results indicate that the achieved energy efficiencies are retained to a large extent. We also find, among other results, that the rebound effect is higher in countries with higher fuel efficiency and better quality of logistics. Finally, a simulation analysis shows significant environmental externalities costs even in countries with lower rebound effect
Manuel Llorca; Tooraj Jamasb. Energy efficiency and rebound effect in European road freight transport. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 2017, 101, 98 -110.
AMA StyleManuel Llorca, Tooraj Jamasb. Energy efficiency and rebound effect in European road freight transport. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 2017; 101 ():98-110.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManuel Llorca; Tooraj Jamasb. 2017. "Energy efficiency and rebound effect in European road freight transport." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 101, no. : 98-110.