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J. I. Escavy
Laboratorio de Geología, Departamento de Ingeniería y Morfología del Terreno, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

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Journal article
Published: 30 October 2020 in Sustainability
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The response of springs to earthquakes in the zone of moderate seismicity associated with the fault under study (the Talamantes–Castilruiz fault, Soria, Spain) always leads to a flow decrease regardless of the magnitude of the earthquake and the distance from the epicenter. The sensitivity of the springs is explained by the different degrees of the confinement of their aquifers. The semi-confined aquifer of the Vozmediano spring (1100 L/s) experiences short post-seismic events with a variable decrease in flow and an increase in turbidity, depending on the intensity of the earthquakes felt at the site (Intensity). These changes are likely due to elastic deformation and an increased permeability in their aquifers. This spring is an example of how previous (historical) earthquakes can break the aquifer through the fault causing horizontal movements of the groundwater and displacing the discharge point to a different fracture site located six kilometers from the initial point.

ACS Style

Eugenio Sanz; Ignacio Menéndez Pidal; José Escavy; Joaquin Ojeda. Hydrogeological Changes along a Fault Zone Caused by Earthquakes in the Moncayo Massif (Iberian Chain, Spain). Sustainability 2020, 12, 9034 .

AMA Style

Eugenio Sanz, Ignacio Menéndez Pidal, José Escavy, Joaquin Ojeda. Hydrogeological Changes along a Fault Zone Caused by Earthquakes in the Moncayo Massif (Iberian Chain, Spain). Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):9034.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eugenio Sanz; Ignacio Menéndez Pidal; José Escavy; Joaquin Ojeda. 2020. "Hydrogeological Changes along a Fault Zone Caused by Earthquakes in the Moncayo Massif (Iberian Chain, Spain)." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 9034.

Original paper
Published: 18 June 2020 in Landslides
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The failure mechanism of a large historical landslide that caused the partial destruction of the Pico del Castillo de Vinuesa has been determined and characterized by a multidisciplinary approach. This study combines the application of complementary fields such as geological analyses, field and laboratory tests, geomorphological, geomechanical and hydrogeological characterizations, retrospective mathematical simulations, and absolute dating methods to determine the origin and age of the landslide. The instability event occurred shortly before 1600 BP and mobilized more than 30 million m3 of debris from the competent conglomerate layer that formed the ancient summit. The conglomerate is considered to have slid over a claystone layer dipping 12°, following a translational sliding model. The underlying claystone layer constituted the impervious base of the aquifer formed by the displaced material. The hydrogeological conditions played a key role in the slide by changing the mechanical properties of both the claystone and the conglomerate layers.

ACS Style

P. Sanz De Ojeda; E. Sanz; R. Galindo; J. I. Escavy; I. Menéndez-Pidal. Retrospective analysis of the Pico del Castillo de Vinuesa large historical landslide (Cordillera Iberica, Spain). Landslides 2020, 17, 2837 -2848.

AMA Style

P. Sanz De Ojeda, E. Sanz, R. Galindo, J. I. Escavy, I. Menéndez-Pidal. Retrospective analysis of the Pico del Castillo de Vinuesa large historical landslide (Cordillera Iberica, Spain). Landslides. 2020; 17 (12):2837-2848.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P. Sanz De Ojeda; E. Sanz; R. Galindo; J. I. Escavy; I. Menéndez-Pidal. 2020. "Retrospective analysis of the Pico del Castillo de Vinuesa large historical landslide (Cordillera Iberica, Spain)." Landslides 17, no. 12: 2837-2848.

Journal article
Published: 15 February 2020 in Minerals
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Within the Upper Triassic successions in the Iberian Basin (Spain), the occurrence of both idiomorphic bipyramidal quartz crystals as well as pseudohexagonal aragonite crystals are related to mudstone and evaporite bearing sequences. Bipyramidal-euhedral quartz crystals occur commonly at widespread locations and similar idiomorphic crystals have been described in other formations and ages from Europe, America, Pakistan, and Africa. Similarly, pseudohexagonal aragonite crystals are located at three main sites in the Iberian Range and are common constituents of deposits of this age in France, Italy, and Morocco. This study presents a detailed description of the geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of the bipyramidal quartz crystals to decipher their time of formation in relation to the diagenetic evolution of the sedimentary succession in which they formed. Petrographic and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses permit the separation of an inner part of quartz crystals with abundant anhydrite and organic-rich inclusions. This inner part resulted from near-surface recrystallization (silicification) of an anhydrite nodule, at temperatures that were

ACS Style

María J. Herrero; Rafaela Marfil; Jose I. Escavy; Ihsan Al-Aasm; Michael Scherer. Diagenetic Origin of Bipyramidal Quartz and Hydrothermal Aragonites within the Upper Triassic Saline Succession of the Iberian Basin: Implications for Interpreting the Burial–Thermal Evolution of the Basin. Minerals 2020, 10, 177 .

AMA Style

María J. Herrero, Rafaela Marfil, Jose I. Escavy, Ihsan Al-Aasm, Michael Scherer. Diagenetic Origin of Bipyramidal Quartz and Hydrothermal Aragonites within the Upper Triassic Saline Succession of the Iberian Basin: Implications for Interpreting the Burial–Thermal Evolution of the Basin. Minerals. 2020; 10 (2):177.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María J. Herrero; Rafaela Marfil; Jose I. Escavy; Ihsan Al-Aasm; Michael Scherer. 2020. "Diagenetic Origin of Bipyramidal Quartz and Hydrothermal Aragonites within the Upper Triassic Saline Succession of the Iberian Basin: Implications for Interpreting the Burial–Thermal Evolution of the Basin." Minerals 10, no. 2: 177.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Construction and Building Materials
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ACS Style

Laura Trigos; Juan Gallego; Jose Ignacio Escavy. Heating potential of aggregates in asphalt mixtures exposed to microwaves radiation. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 230, 1 .

AMA Style

Laura Trigos, Juan Gallego, Jose Ignacio Escavy. Heating potential of aggregates in asphalt mixtures exposed to microwaves radiation. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 230 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Trigos; Juan Gallego; Jose Ignacio Escavy. 2020. "Heating potential of aggregates in asphalt mixtures exposed to microwaves radiation." Construction and Building Materials 230, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 15 November 2019 in Resources Policy
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Aggregates, including sand, gravel and crushed stones, are the first mined resource by volume of production and the second most employed natural material, only after water. The demand of aggregates depends on the level of activity of the building and construction industry, which supplies housing and infrastructures to society. Knowing the variables controlling the demand of aggregates permits an estimation of future demand. This figure is of great interest for both the private sector to take strategic decisions and for the public sector to optimize permits and to promote or limit extraction in certain areas. This work studies the relationship between the demand of aggregates and various demographic, economic and construction variables during a complete economic cycle (1995–2016) in Spain. The analysis includes variables such as population, GDP, unemployment rate, etc., as well as variables never used before, that have resulted to be relevant: the number of people reaching the emancipation age, number of divorces, etc. Results indicate that the higher correlations appear between the demand of aggregates and house permitting, net in-migration, population increase, value added by construction, and number of people reaching emancipation age. There is as well a strong inverse correlation between the unemployment rate and the demand of aggregates. With these results, various models to forecast the demand of aggregates are proposed and an estimation of the total demand in Spain until 2050 is given.

ACS Style

J.I. Escavy; María Herrero; L. Trigos; E. Sanz-Pérez. Demographic vs economic variables in the modelling and forecasting of the demand of aggregates: The case of the Spanish market (1995–2016). Resources Policy 2019, 65, 101537 .

AMA Style

J.I. Escavy, María Herrero, L. Trigos, E. Sanz-Pérez. Demographic vs economic variables in the modelling and forecasting of the demand of aggregates: The case of the Spanish market (1995–2016). Resources Policy. 2019; 65 ():101537.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J.I. Escavy; María Herrero; L. Trigos; E. Sanz-Pérez. 2019. "Demographic vs economic variables in the modelling and forecasting of the demand of aggregates: The case of the Spanish market (1995–2016)." Resources Policy 65, no. : 101537.

Review articles
Published: 28 June 2019 in International Geology Review
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Pseudo-hexagonal aragonite crystals occur profusely at various locations within the Upper Triassic sequences in Europe, America and Africa. In the Spanish Iberian Basin, they are associated with corrensite and gypsum, which characterize saline mudflat and salt-pond facies. Similarly, shaped crystals occur as dolomite, quartz, chalcedony or even copper pseudomorphs after aragonite in several parts of North and South America, and they are currently forming in association with hydrothermal spring deposits in Kenya. In Spain, this aragonite was first described at Molina de Aragón (Spain). Its origin has previously been explained as resulting from burial diagenetic processes, although petrographical, geochemical, stable isotope, and fluid inclusion evidence suggest a formation in other conditions. The aragonite crystals occur dominantly at locations near outcrops of pre-Hettangian alkaline magmatism, along Middle-to-Late Jurassic NW-SE faults. The formation of these aragonite crystals is interpreted as the result of upwards flow of hydrothermal fluids through the Middle-to-Late Jurassic synrift faults and the interaction with infiltrated shallow marine water. This hydrothermal circulation caused also the transformation of Mg-rich clay into corrensite. The pseudomorphs after aragonite found in other areas of the world appear related to sequences of similar depositional environments and interaction of magmatic intrusions within rifting settings. Such aragonite crystals may therefore help to unravel the geological and tectonic history in their area of occurrence.

ACS Style

M.J. Herrero; R. Marfil; Jose Ignacio Escavy; M. Scherer; X. Arroyo; Tomás Martin-Crespo; S. López De Andrés. Hydrothermal activity within a sedimentary succession: aragonites as indicators of Mesozoic Rifting (Iberian Basin, Spain). International Geology Review 2019, 62, 94 -112.

AMA Style

M.J. Herrero, R. Marfil, Jose Ignacio Escavy, M. Scherer, X. Arroyo, Tomás Martin-Crespo, S. López De Andrés. Hydrothermal activity within a sedimentary succession: aragonites as indicators of Mesozoic Rifting (Iberian Basin, Spain). International Geology Review. 2019; 62 (1):94-112.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M.J. Herrero; R. Marfil; Jose Ignacio Escavy; M. Scherer; X. Arroyo; Tomás Martin-Crespo; S. López De Andrés. 2019. "Hydrothermal activity within a sedimentary succession: aragonites as indicators of Mesozoic Rifting (Iberian Basin, Spain)." International Geology Review 62, no. 1: 94-112.

Original article
Published: 04 February 2019 in Sedimentology
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Enterolithic structures are stratigraphically localized folds in gypsum beds found in certain saline evaporitic sedimentary units in a wide variety of basins. Different models of formation have been proposed, all related to inorganic processes. These models include: diagenetic transformation of gypsum beds producing either displacive growth of crystals or volume changes; mechanical folding caused by compressional stress; and folding produced by slumping. The analysis of three Cenozoic evaporite sequences in Spain reveal that none of the previous models explains their origin and existence. In these outcrops, gypsum enterolithic structures occur in horizontal beds with parallel troughs and crests of the folds. They appear in shoreline facies of lacustrine environments and did not undergo major diagenetic transformations after the primary lithification of the original sediment. Based on these observations, together with the study of a modern analogue in Minorca, Spain, a new model is proposed for the genesis of enterolithic structures. This new model is based on the existence of a microbial mat exposed to brine concentration–dilution cycles and strong wind events. The high wind flow events enhanced folding of the microbial mat that became subaerially exposed and lithified due to subsequent evaporation. Therefore, the presence of enterolithic structures could be used as an indicator of shallow water environmental conditions subject to variations in brine concentration in areas with strong wind flow events. Previous studies of some evaporitic successions should be revisited, taking into account the proposed model, which would imply new depositional environment interpretations. At the same time, the proposed model could explain the existence of Kinneyia‐type structures, also known as wrinkle structures, formed beneath microbial mats in peritidal zones. Moreover, considering enterolithic structures as microbially induced sedimentary structures could be useful as evidence of microbial life in the ancient geological record and on other planets such as Mars. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

José I. Escavy; María J. Herrero. Enterolithic folds in evaporites as microbially induced sedimentary structures: New model of formation and interpretation in the geological record. Sedimentology 2019, 66, 2214 -2233.

AMA Style

José I. Escavy, María J. Herrero. Enterolithic folds in evaporites as microbially induced sedimentary structures: New model of formation and interpretation in the geological record. Sedimentology. 2019; 66 (6):2214-2233.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José I. Escavy; María J. Herrero. 2019. "Enterolithic folds in evaporites as microbially induced sedimentary structures: New model of formation and interpretation in the geological record." Sedimentology 66, no. 6: 2214-2233.

Journal article
Published: 05 January 2015 in Climate of the Past
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Salt deposits are commonly used as indicators of different paleoclimates and sedimentary environments, as well as being geological resources of great economic interest. Ordinarily, the presence of salt deposits is related to warm and arid environmental conditions, but there are salts, like mirabilite, that form by cooling and a concentration mechanism based on cooling and/or freezing. The diagenetic transformation of mirabilite into thenardite in the upper part of the lower Miocene unit of the Tajo basin (Spain) resulted in the largest reserves of this important industrial mineral in Europe. This unit was formed in a time period (~18.4 Ma) that, in other basins of the Iberian Peninsula, is characterized by the existence of particular mammal assemblages appropriate to a relatively cool and arid climate. Determining the origin of the thenardite deposits as related to the diagenetic alteration of a pre-existing mirabilite permits the establishment and characterization of the sedimentary environment where it was formed and also suggests use as a possible analog with comparable deposits from extreme conditions such as Antarctica or Mars.

ACS Style

M. J. Herrero; J. I. Escavy; B. C. Schreiber. Thenardite after mirabilite deposits as a cool climate indicator in the geological record: lower Miocene of central Spain. Climate of the Past 2015, 11, 1 -13.

AMA Style

M. J. Herrero, J. I. Escavy, B. C. Schreiber. Thenardite after mirabilite deposits as a cool climate indicator in the geological record: lower Miocene of central Spain. Climate of the Past. 2015; 11 (1):1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. J. Herrero; J. I. Escavy; B. C. Schreiber. 2015. "Thenardite after mirabilite deposits as a cool climate indicator in the geological record: lower Miocene of central Spain." Climate of the Past 11, no. 1: 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 29 March 2013 in Resources Policy
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Gypsum is one of the most important mined mineral commodities of the world. As an industrial rock, it is primarily used by the construction industry. Therefore, the economics of the gypsum market can be correlated with parameters that have controlled the origin and development of the Spanish building bubble between years 1998 and 2006. The burst of this building bubble has been interpreted as the main triggering factor for Spain's current crisis. Gypsum quarry production during the golden period of Spain's building industry, reached 15.3 Mt, with domestic apparent demand as high as 11.8 Mt. After this period, domestic demand decreased to 4.3 Mt in year 2010, and quarry production fell to 7.0 Mt. These decreases were caused not only by the burst of the building bubble, but also from the global financial crisis and the public works investment cuts. This analysis predicts a continuation of decreasing domestic demand in year 2013, of at least 270,000 t.

ACS Style

M.J. Herrero; J.I. Escavy; M. Bustillo. The Spanish building crisis and its effect in the gypsum quarry production (1998–2012). Resources Policy 2013, 38, 123 -129.

AMA Style

M.J. Herrero, J.I. Escavy, M. Bustillo. The Spanish building crisis and its effect in the gypsum quarry production (1998–2012). Resources Policy. 2013; 38 (2):123-129.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M.J. Herrero; J.I. Escavy; M. Bustillo. 2013. "The Spanish building crisis and its effect in the gypsum quarry production (1998–2012)." Resources Policy 38, no. 2: 123-129.

Journal article
Published: 13 March 2013 in Ore Geology Reviews
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Prospectivity mapping is used to define favorable areas for mineral exploration. The location–allocation modeling can help in ranking exploration zones for high-volume low-price industrial minerals. This type of minerals are said to have a high place-value, meaning that they derive much of their value from the fact that extraction points are located close to the demand points. With this aim, a GIS-based location–allocation model of the gypsum resources in Spain is presented in this paper. Results point to the recognition of the most interesting areas that should be investigated and places where new gypsum facilities could be located. Moreover, the model allows evaluation of the relative economic interest of the new areas as compared with the existing ones. Based on this modeling, the geological regions with the greatest potential to place new facilities are located in the northwestern (Cantabrian zone) and north-eastern (easternmost Catalonia) parts of the Iberian Peninsula, with potential market share values higher than 5.25%. Most of the economically interesting gypsum bearing units in these regions are of Mesozoic age, although Neogene deposits of the central part of Catalonia are not ruled out. In addition, the prospectivity analysis map leads to establish an area where the excess of gypsum factories results in a drastic decrease of the market share value within this region (< 1.84 %). The maps obtained with this prospectivity analysis help in the area selection and the target identification phases of a mineral exploration. The model could easily be used for other similar high place-value industrial minerals and rocks.

ACS Style

Jose Ignacio Escavy; M.J. Herrero. The use of location–allocation techniques for exploration targeting of high place-value industrial minerals: A market-based prospectivity study of the Spanish gypsum resources. Ore Geology Reviews 2013, 53, 504 -516.

AMA Style

Jose Ignacio Escavy, M.J. Herrero. The use of location–allocation techniques for exploration targeting of high place-value industrial minerals: A market-based prospectivity study of the Spanish gypsum resources. Ore Geology Reviews. 2013; 53 ():504-516.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jose Ignacio Escavy; M.J. Herrero. 2013. "The use of location–allocation techniques for exploration targeting of high place-value industrial minerals: A market-based prospectivity study of the Spanish gypsum resources." Ore Geology Reviews 53, no. : 504-516.

Review article
Published: 11 September 2012 in Ore Geology Reviews
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Spain is one of the main gypsum producers in the world. Spanish gypsum reserves are large and a good knowledge of the location of the ore reserves permits to establish better exploitation strategies. Plotting the Spanish major gypsum outcrops, using a GIS base, helps to classify them by age, establish the main depositional character and determine the factors controlling their origin. Evaporitic deposits from Cambrian to Quaternary are preserved throughout Spain. The evaporites are formed by chemical precipitation of natural brines, either of marine or continental origin. The oldest evaporite vestiges in the Spanish geological record have been described in carbonate materials, as gypsum and anhydrite pseudomorphs, in Cambrian deposits of the Cantabro–Iberian basin (northern Spain). The first properly identified evaporite formation in Spain is located in the Triassic deposits that characterize central and northern Europe. In Spain, evaporites of this age appear well represented in 4394.5 km2 of outcrop area in the eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula. The Lower Jurassic (covering 1068 km2 of outcrop area) and the Cretaceous (covering 706.9 km2 of outcrop area) are periods of intense evaporitic sedimentation, and outcrops appear concentrated towards central and eastern parts of the Peninsula. More recently, in the Cenozoic, numerous continental and marine basins resulted from the tectonic activity produced by the Alpine Orogeny. Here, a combination of different factors produced thick and wide evaporite accumulations (outcrop surface is 13592.7 km2). In the Quaternary, evaporitic conditions are common in Spain, including various saline lakes (covering 1092.1 km2 of outcrop area) mainly in the Ebro basin and La Mancha zone. In addition, there are many artificial marine salinas. The evaporitic conditions in a basin strongly depend on factors such as climate, tectonics and brine composition. A study of the spatial distribution and age of the gypsum-bearing units in Spain suggests a wide variation in factors controlling the origin of gypsum deposits. The Spanish evaporite precipitation from Permian to Jurassic times was controlled by global conditions such as climate. They were formed during a global warming period. On the other hand, evaporites formed from late Cretaceous to Neogene were more influenced by regional factors that were related to the tectonic activity produced by the Alpine Orogeny. At present evaporite precipitation occurs due to the endorheic character of lakes in some parts of Spain.

ACS Style

J.I. Escavy; M.J. Herrero; M.E. Arribas. Gypsum resources of Spain: Temporal and spatial distribution. Ore Geology Reviews 2012, 49, 72 -84.

AMA Style

J.I. Escavy, M.J. Herrero, M.E. Arribas. Gypsum resources of Spain: Temporal and spatial distribution. Ore Geology Reviews. 2012; 49 ():72-84.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J.I. Escavy; M.J. Herrero; M.E. Arribas. 2012. "Gypsum resources of Spain: Temporal and spatial distribution." Ore Geology Reviews 49, no. : 72-84.

Book chapter
Published: 21 October 2009 in Developments in Sedimentology
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ACS Style

M.J. Herrero; Jose Ignacio Escavy. Chapter 6 Economic Aspects of Continental Carbonates and Carbonates Transformed under Continental Conditions. Developments in Sedimentology 2009, 275 -296.

AMA Style

M.J. Herrero, Jose Ignacio Escavy. Chapter 6 Economic Aspects of Continental Carbonates and Carbonates Transformed under Continental Conditions. Developments in Sedimentology. 2009; ():275-296.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M.J. Herrero; Jose Ignacio Escavy. 2009. "Chapter 6 Economic Aspects of Continental Carbonates and Carbonates Transformed under Continental Conditions." Developments in Sedimentology , no. : 275-296.