A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, BS-B2^T, which was isolated from a tidal flat sediment at Boseong in South Korea, was characterized taxonomically. Strain BS-B2^T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The novel strain exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.4 %) to Marivita geojedonensis DPG-138^T. Neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain BS-B2^T is closely related to Primorskyibacter sedentarius KMM 9018^T, showing 96.5 % sequence similarity. Strain BS-B2^T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18 : 1ω7c as the predominant fatty acid. The polar lipid profile of strain BS-B2^T comprised phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid as major components, and differentiated it from the type strains of P. sedentarius and M. geojedonensis . The DNA G+C content of strain BS-B2^T was 62.2 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, demonstrated that strain BS-B2^T can be distinguished from phylogenetically related genera as well as P. sedentarius and M. geojedonensis . On the basis of the data presented, strain BS-B2^T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Aestuariivita boseongensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Aestuariivita boseongensis is BS-B2^T ( = KCTC 42052^T = CECT 8532^T).

The aim of our study was to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of Lactobacillus sakei (L. sakei) ADM14 administration in a high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model and the resulting changes in the intestinal microbiota. Prior to in vivo testing, L. sakei ADM14 was shown to inhibit adipogenesis through in vitro test and genetic analysis. Subsequently, mice were orally administered 0.85% saline supplemented or not with L. sakei ADM14 to high-fat diet group and normal diet group daily. The results showed that administration of L. sakei ADM14 reduced weight gain, epididymal fat expansion, and total blood cholesterol and glucose levels, and significantly decreased expression of lipid-related genes in the epididymal fat pad. Administration of L. sakei ADM14 showed improvement in terms of energy harvesting while restoring the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and also increased the relative abundance of specific microbial taxa such as Bacteroides faecichinchillae and Alistipes, which are abundant in non-obese people. L. sakei ADM14 affected the modulation of gut microbiota, altered the strain profile of short-chain fatty acid production in the cecum and enhanced the stimulation of butyrate production. Overall, L. sakei ADM14 showed potential as a therapeutic probiotic supplement for metabolic disorders, confirming the positive changes of in vivo indicators and controlling gut microbiota in a high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model.

A Gram-staining-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain BR-18^T, was isolated from marine sand collected on the western coast of South Korea. The taxonomic position of the novel strain was determined using a polyphasic approach. Strain BR-18^T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 6.5–7.0 and in the absence of NaCl. In phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, the novel strain fell within a clade comprising members of the genus Mucilaginibacter and appeared most closely related to Mucilaginibacter lutimaris BR-3^T (96.6 % sequence similarity) and Mucilaginibacter rigui WPCB133^T (95.9 %). The novel strain showed lower levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strains of other members of the genus Mucilaginibacter (93.4–95.5 %) and those of other species included in the phylogenetic analyses (<91.6 %). Strain BR-18^T contained MK-7 as its predominant menaquinone, summed feature 3 (C_16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C_15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C_15 : 0 as its major fatty acids, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid as its major polar lipids, and sphingolipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 42.4 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic data, strain BR-18^T represents a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter , for which the name Mucilaginibacter litoreus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BR-18^T ( = KCTC 23697^T = CCUG 61484^T).

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and pleomorphic (coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped) bacterial strain, BS-W15^T, isolated from a tidal flat sediment at Boseong in South Korea, was characterized taxonomically. Strain BS-W15^T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of approximately 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Neighbour-joining and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain BS-W15^T joined the cluster comprising the type strains of Profundibacterium mesophilum , Hwanghaeicola aestuarii , M. pelagius and M. salinus , showing 93.5–96.4 % sequence similarities. Strain BS-W15^T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18 : 1ω7c as the predominant fatty acid. The polar lipid profile of strain BS-W15^T contained phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol as major components, differentiating it from those of the type strains of P. mesophilum , H. aestuarii , M. pelagius and M. salinus . The DNA G+C content of strain BS-W15^T was 58.7 mol%. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, demonstrate that strain BS-W15^T is distinct from type strains of P. mesophilum , H. aestuarii , M. pelagius and M. salinus . On the basis of the data presented, strain BS-W15^T is considered to represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Boseongicola aestuarii gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BS-W15^T ( = KCTC 32576^T = CECT 8489^T).