The antimicrobial properties of baicalin against H. pylori and several probiotic cultures were evaluated. Baicalin was isolated from a dry plant extract obtained by extraction with water at 70 °C. For isolation, extraction was carried out with n-butanol and purification on a chromatographic column. The antimicrobial potential was assessed by evaluating changes in the optical density of the bacterial suspension during cultivation; additionally, the disk diffusion method was used. During the study, the baicalin concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL) and the pH of the medium in the range of 1.5–8.0 were tested. The test objects were: suspensions of H. pylori, Lactobacillus casei, L. brevis, Bifidobacterium longum, and B. teenis. It was found that the greater the concentration of the substance in the solution, the greater the delay in the growth of the strain zone. Thus, the highest antimicrobial activity against H. pylori was observed at pH 1.5–2.0 and a baicalin concentration of 1.00 mg/mL. In relation to probiotic strains, a stimulating effect of baicalin (1.00 mg/mL) on the growth of L. casei biomass at pH 1.5–2.0 was observed. The results open up the prospects for the use of baicalin and probiotics for the treatment of diseases caused by H. pylori.

The work reveals the results of studying the content of biologically active substances in samples of extracts of Ginkgo biloba callus cultures. Callus cultures grown in vitro on liquid nutrient media were the objects of the study. Considering various factors affecting the yield of the target components during extraction, the volume fraction of the organic modifier in the extracting mixture, the temperature factor, and the exposure time were identified as the main ones. The maximum yield of extractive substances (target biologically active substances with a degree of extraction of at least 50%) from the samples of callus culture extracts was detected at a ratio of extragent of 70% ethanol, a temperature of 50 °C, and exposure time of 6 h. Flavonoids, such as luteolin, quercetin, isoramentin, kaempferol, and amentoflavone, were isolated in the extract samples. As a result of column chromatography, fractions of individual biologically active substances (bilobalide, ginkgolide A, B, and C) were determined. The proposed schemes are focused on preserving the nativity while ensuring maximum purification from associated (ballast) components. Sorbents (Sephadex LH-20, poly-amide, silica gel) were used in successive stages of chromatography with rechromatography. The degree of purity of individually isolated substances was at least 95%.

Down and feather waste represents a promising source of feed protein. The main component of feather is protein, predominantly β-keratine. Keratin is a mechanically durable and chemically unreactive protein with cistein, glutamine, and protein as dominating amino acids in its structure. According to the chemical composition (amino acid content, balance of micro-and macronutrients), the feather raw material is a valuable source of nutrients as a component of feed additives. The aim of this work was to analyze the efficiency and selection of parameters of spray drying of hydrolysate of feather and down waste products. Dry feed additives obtained by spray drying have a lot of advantages, such as dosing accuracy, compactness, storage time, and a possibility of targeted use in dissolved form. In addition, they are easy to package and transport. The most important quality indicators of feed additives include the mass fraction of moisture and the yield of the finished product. The main parameters of spray drying that affect the mass fraction of moisture and the yield of the final product are the drying temperature, aspiration (air flow rate), and the rate of solution feeding to the installation. According to the experiment conducted, the spray drying temperature of 70.0 ± 5.0°C caused no loss of essential amino acids. In addition, no undesirable substances were formed, unlike in other technologies that use hightemperature treatment (90–120 ± 5.0°C) and hydrolysis, which reduces the biological value of the feed product. This temperature was found optimal for keratin hydrolysates during drying. The optimal value of the parameter of the solution flow rate was 6.5 ± 0.5 ml/min. The optimal range of air flow rates during spray drying of hydrolysates of feather raw materials was 20.0 ± 5.0 m3/h. This temperature provides the maximum yield of the finished product and the minimum mass fraction of moisture.