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Prof. Dr. Miriam Rafailovich
Materials Science & Engineering Department, Stony Brook University, Room 314 Old Engineering, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2275, USA

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0 Biomaterials
0 Nanocomposite coatings
0 Polymer Coatings
0 cell surface interactions
0 X-ray/neutron reflectivity

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Journal article
Published: 13 August 2021 in Acta Biomaterialia
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We have previously shown that exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) reduces the resistance of HeLa cells to bacterial infection. Here we demonstrate that the increased infectivity is associated with enhanced asymmetry in the cholesterol distribution. We applied a live cell imaging method which uses tunable orthogonal cholesterol sensors to visualize and quantify in-situ cholesterol distribution between the two leaflets of the plasma membrane (PM). In the control culture, we found marked transbilayer asymmetry of cholesterol, with the concentration in the outer plasma membrane (OPM) being 13 ± 2-fold higher than that in the inner plasma membrane (IPM). Exposure of the culture to 0.1 mg/mL of rutile TiO2 NPs increased the asymmetry such that the concentration in the OPM was 51 ± 10 times higher, while the total cholesterol content increased only 21 ± 2%. This change in cholesterol gradient may explain the increase in bacterial infectivity in HeLa cells exposed to TiO2 NPs since many pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus used in the present study, require cholesterol for proper membrane attachment and virulence. RT-PCR indicated that exposure to TiO2 was responsible for upregulation of the ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNAs, which are responsible for the production of the cholesterol transporter proteins that facilitate cholesterol transport across cellular membranes. This was confirmed by the observation of an overall decrease in bacterial infection in ABCA1 knockout or methyl-β-cyclodextrin-treated HeLa cells, as regardless of TiO2 NP exposure. Hence rather than preventing bacterial infection, TiO2 nanoparticles upregulate genes associated with membrane cholesterol production and distribution, hence increasing infectivity. A great deal of work has been done regarding the toxicology of the particles, especially focusing on detrimental outcomes associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In this paper we show unambiguously a very surprising result, namely the ability of these particles to enhance bacterial infection even at very small exposure levels, where none of the deleterious effects of ROS products can yet be detected. Using a new imaging technique, we are able to demonstrate, in operando, the effect of the particles on cholesterol generation and distribution in live HeLa cells. This paper also represents the first in a series where we explore other consequences of increased membrane cholesterol, due to particle exposure, which are known to have multiple other consequences on human tissue function and development.

ACS Style

Fan Yang; Shu-Lin Liu; Yan Xu; Stephen G. Walker; Wonhwa Cho; Tatsiana Mironava; Miriam Rafailovich. The impact of TiO2 nanoparticle exposure on transmembrane cholesterol transport and enhanced bacterial infectivity in HeLa cells. Acta Biomaterialia 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Fan Yang, Shu-Lin Liu, Yan Xu, Stephen G. Walker, Wonhwa Cho, Tatsiana Mironava, Miriam Rafailovich. The impact of TiO2 nanoparticle exposure on transmembrane cholesterol transport and enhanced bacterial infectivity in HeLa cells. Acta Biomaterialia. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fan Yang; Shu-Lin Liu; Yan Xu; Stephen G. Walker; Wonhwa Cho; Tatsiana Mironava; Miriam Rafailovich. 2021. "The impact of TiO2 nanoparticle exposure on transmembrane cholesterol transport and enhanced bacterial infectivity in HeLa cells." Acta Biomaterialia , no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 16 May 2021 in Advanced Engineering Materials
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Recent studies have focused on modifying implant surface properties to improve bone regeneration and osseointegration. Herein, the role of titania surface coating in enabling dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) differentiation and hard tissue formation is studied. Atomic layer deposition is applied at lower temperature to coat a nanolayer of titania onto hard and soft polybutadiene substrates without altering their moduli, to probe the effects of surface chemistry and substrate modulus. In the absence of titania, DPSCs prefer to attach and proliferate on the hard substrate, where particle-like biomineralization is present after 28 days in culture, whereas no biomineralization is observed on the soft substrate. Applying titania surface coating results in the improvement of adhesion and proliferation, regardless of substrate modulus, whereas cell and substrate moduli remain the same as control without titania coating. Furthermore, templated biomineralization is observed given the bone-like tissue composition by Raman analysis, in consistent with real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results showing upregulation of osteopontin (OPN) and bone sialoprotein (BSP), representing osteogenic differentiation. The results indicate that titania surface coating improved the ability to nucleate banded collagen fibers which in turn templated mineral deposits, and further induced the osteogenesis of DPSCs, regardless of its substrate modulus.

ACS Style

Ya-Chen Chuang; Likun Wang; Kuan-Che Feng; Ashwanth Subramanian; Chung-Chueh Chang; Marcia Simon; Chang-Yong Nam; Miriam Rafailovich. The Role of Titania Surface Coating by Atomic Layer Deposition in Improving Osteogenic Differentiation and Hard Tissue Formation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Advanced Engineering Materials 2021, 2100097 .

AMA Style

Ya-Chen Chuang, Likun Wang, Kuan-Che Feng, Ashwanth Subramanian, Chung-Chueh Chang, Marcia Simon, Chang-Yong Nam, Miriam Rafailovich. The Role of Titania Surface Coating by Atomic Layer Deposition in Improving Osteogenic Differentiation and Hard Tissue Formation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Advanced Engineering Materials. 2021; ():2100097.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ya-Chen Chuang; Likun Wang; Kuan-Che Feng; Ashwanth Subramanian; Chung-Chueh Chang; Marcia Simon; Chang-Yong Nam; Miriam Rafailovich. 2021. "The Role of Titania Surface Coating by Atomic Layer Deposition in Improving Osteogenic Differentiation and Hard Tissue Formation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells." Advanced Engineering Materials , no. : 2100097.

Preprint content
Published: 12 May 2021
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ACS Style

Aditya Ramabadran; Aditya Narayanan; David Zhang; Ziji Zhang; Marcia Simon; Miriam Rafailovich; Yuefan Deng; Peng Zhang. Coarse-grained modeling for efficient simulation of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Aditya Ramabadran, Aditya Narayanan, David Zhang, Ziji Zhang, Marcia Simon, Miriam Rafailovich, Yuefan Deng, Peng Zhang. Coarse-grained modeling for efficient simulation of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aditya Ramabadran; Aditya Narayanan; David Zhang; Ziji Zhang; Marcia Simon; Miriam Rafailovich; Yuefan Deng; Peng Zhang. 2021. "Coarse-grained modeling for efficient simulation of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 11 August 2020 in Materials Science and Engineering: C
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Multiple studies exist on the influence of TiO2 nanoparticle uptake on cell behavior. Yet little is known about the lingering influence of nanoparticles accumulation within the external environment which is particularly important to stem cell differentiation. Herein, dental pulp stem cells were cultured on hard and soft polybutadiene substrates, where 0.1 mg/mL rutile TiO2 nanoparticles were introduced once, 24 h after plating. In the absence of TiO2, the doubling time on soft substrate is significantly longer, while addition of TiO2 decreases it to the same level as on the hard substrate. FACS analysis indicates particle uptake initially at 25% is reduced to 2.5% after 14 days. In the absence of TiO2, no biomineralization on the soft and snowflake-like hydroxyapatite deposits on the hard substrate are shown at week 4. With the addition of TiO2, SEM/EDAX reveals copious mineral deposition templated on large banded collagen fibers on both substrates. The mineral-to-matrix ratios analyzed by Raman spectroscopy are unremarkable in the absence of TiO2. However, with addition of TiO2, the ratios are consistent with native bone on the hard and dentin on the soft substrates. This is further confirmed by RT-PCR, which showed upregulation of markers consistent with osteogenesis and odontogenesis, respectively.

ACS Style

Ya-Chen Chuang; Chung-Chueh Chang; Fan Yang; Marcia Simon; Miriam Rafailovich. TiO2 nanoparticles synergize with substrate mechanics to improve dental pulp stem cells proliferation and differentiation. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2020, 118, 111366 .

AMA Style

Ya-Chen Chuang, Chung-Chueh Chang, Fan Yang, Marcia Simon, Miriam Rafailovich. TiO2 nanoparticles synergize with substrate mechanics to improve dental pulp stem cells proliferation and differentiation. Materials Science and Engineering: C. 2020; 118 ():111366.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ya-Chen Chuang; Chung-Chueh Chang; Fan Yang; Marcia Simon; Miriam Rafailovich. 2020. "TiO2 nanoparticles synergize with substrate mechanics to improve dental pulp stem cells proliferation and differentiation." Materials Science and Engineering: C 118, no. : 111366.

Journal article
Published: 15 May 2020 in Composites Science and Technology
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Complementary techniques were applied to characterize the structure property relationships of FDM printed isotactic polypropylene/graphene nanocomposites. Raman spectroscopy indicated that graphene was mostly exfoliated during the nozzle extrusion process. Rheological measurements of the viscosity indicated that the presence of graphene induced shear thinning during extrusion. Azimuthal scans of wide angle x-ray scattering indicate correlated thermal fluctuations of the graphene platelets which stops abruptly at the onset of transcrystallization, or templating of the iPP chains on the graphene. X-ray microbeam SAXS analysis show the formation of ‘shish-kebab’ structures at the core of the unfilled filaments, where the ‘kebab’ component vanishes at the fiber-fiber interface enabling interdiffusion. Weak lamellar structure, and a corresponding decrease in the storage modulus are observed with the addition of 5% graphene. The lamellar structure disappears entirely with the addition of 10% graphene, while the storage modulus is decreased by nearly 50%. Thermal imaging of heat flux dissipation across molded and printed samples shows no orientational effects in pure iPP despite differences in crystal structure. Thermal conductivity increases dramatically in the samples with 10% graphene, and strong orientational effects are observed where the thermal coefficients differ by 180% between samples printed parallel or perpendicular to the heat flux.

ACS Style

Yuval Shmueli; Yu-Chung Lin; Xianghao Zuo; Yichen Guo; Sungsik Lee; Guillaume Freychet; Mikhail Zhernenkov; Taejin Kim; Rina Tannenbaum; Gad Marom; Dilip Gersappe; Miriam H. Rafailovich. In-situ X-ray scattering study of isotactic polypropylene/graphene nanocomposites under shear during fused deposition modeling 3D printing. Composites Science and Technology 2020, 196, 108227 .

AMA Style

Yuval Shmueli, Yu-Chung Lin, Xianghao Zuo, Yichen Guo, Sungsik Lee, Guillaume Freychet, Mikhail Zhernenkov, Taejin Kim, Rina Tannenbaum, Gad Marom, Dilip Gersappe, Miriam H. Rafailovich. In-situ X-ray scattering study of isotactic polypropylene/graphene nanocomposites under shear during fused deposition modeling 3D printing. Composites Science and Technology. 2020; 196 ():108227.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuval Shmueli; Yu-Chung Lin; Xianghao Zuo; Yichen Guo; Sungsik Lee; Guillaume Freychet; Mikhail Zhernenkov; Taejin Kim; Rina Tannenbaum; Gad Marom; Dilip Gersappe; Miriam H. Rafailovich. 2020. "In-situ X-ray scattering study of isotactic polypropylene/graphene nanocomposites under shear during fused deposition modeling 3D printing." Composites Science and Technology 196, no. : 108227.

Preprint content
Published: 28 April 2020
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Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) provide a method of producing clean energy through the oxidation and reduction of hydrogen and oxygen gas, with H2O emitted as the only by-product. The electrons of the oxidized hydrogen ions travel through a wire to perform work, while the hydrogen ions (protons) migrate to the cathode through a membrane that is impermeable

ACS Style

Rebecca Isseroff; Miriam Rafailovich; Likun Wang; Aniket Raut; Bhawan Sandhu; Christine Kong. Development of a nafion-free proton transport cellulose membrane for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Rebecca Isseroff, Miriam Rafailovich, Likun Wang, Aniket Raut, Bhawan Sandhu, Christine Kong. Development of a nafion-free proton transport cellulose membrane for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rebecca Isseroff; Miriam Rafailovich; Likun Wang; Aniket Raut; Bhawan Sandhu; Christine Kong. 2020. "Development of a nafion-free proton transport cellulose membrane for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 28 April 2020
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Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) provide a method of producing clean energy through the oxidation and reduction of hydrogen and oxygen gas, with H2O emitted as the only by-product. The electrons of the oxidized hydrogen ions travel through a wire to perform work, while the hydrogen ions (protons) migrate to the cathode through a membrane that is impermeable

ACS Style

Rebecca Isseroff; Miriam Rafailovich; Likun Wang; Aniket Raut; Bhawan Sandhu; Christine Kong. Development of a nafion-free proton transport cellulose membrane for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Rebecca Isseroff, Miriam Rafailovich, Likun Wang, Aniket Raut, Bhawan Sandhu, Christine Kong. Development of a nafion-free proton transport cellulose membrane for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rebecca Isseroff; Miriam Rafailovich; Likun Wang; Aniket Raut; Bhawan Sandhu; Christine Kong. 2020. "Development of a nafion-free proton transport cellulose membrane for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 27 April 2020
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Perovskite (PVSK) has emerged as a solar cell material rivaling silicon and quantum dots due to their increasing power conversion efficiency (PCE). PVSK is limited because its hybrid organic inorganic halide ABX3 structure (i.e. methylammonium lead iodide, MAPbI3) is unstable. To reduce degradation and enhance efficiency, Cs, formamidinium (FA) cations

ACS Style

Ethan Eisenberg; Miriam Rafailovich; Jack Cox; Yifan Yin. Stability enhancement of Perovskite solar cells using mixed cation/Halide Perovskite. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Ethan Eisenberg, Miriam Rafailovich, Jack Cox, Yifan Yin. Stability enhancement of Perovskite solar cells using mixed cation/Halide Perovskite. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ethan Eisenberg; Miriam Rafailovich; Jack Cox; Yifan Yin. 2020. "Stability enhancement of Perovskite solar cells using mixed cation/Halide Perovskite." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 27 April 2020
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Perovskite (PVSK) has emerged as a solar cell material rivaling silicon and quantum dots due to their increasing power conversion efficiency (PCE). PVSK is limited because its hybrid organic inorganic halide ABX3 structure (i.e. methylammonium lead iodide, MAPbI3) is unstable. To reduce degradation and enhance efficiency, Cs, formamidinium (FA) cations

ACS Style

Ethan Eisenberg; Miriam Rafailovich; Jack Cox; Yifan Yin. Stability enhancement of Perovskite solar cells using mixed cation/Halide Perovskite. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Ethan Eisenberg, Miriam Rafailovich, Jack Cox, Yifan Yin. Stability enhancement of Perovskite solar cells using mixed cation/Halide Perovskite. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ethan Eisenberg; Miriam Rafailovich; Jack Cox; Yifan Yin. 2020. "Stability enhancement of Perovskite solar cells using mixed cation/Halide Perovskite." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 24 April 2020
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Carboxycellulose nanofibers (CNFs) promise to be a sustainable and inexpensive alternative material for polymer electrolyte membranes compared to the expensive commercial Nafion membrane. However, its practical applications have been limited by its relatively low performance and reduced mechanical properties under typical operating conditions. In this study, CNFs were derived from

ACS Style

George Cai; Songtao Li; Songze Wu; Aniket Raut; Likun Wang; Sunil K. Sharma; Priyanka R. Sharma; Miriam Rafailovich. Sustainable nanocellulose membranes for PEM fuel cells. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

George Cai, Songtao Li, Songze Wu, Aniket Raut, Likun Wang, Sunil K. Sharma, Priyanka R. Sharma, Miriam Rafailovich. Sustainable nanocellulose membranes for PEM fuel cells. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George Cai; Songtao Li; Songze Wu; Aniket Raut; Likun Wang; Sunil K. Sharma; Priyanka R. Sharma; Miriam Rafailovich. 2020. "Sustainable nanocellulose membranes for PEM fuel cells." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 24 April 2020
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Carboxycellulose nanofibers (CNFs) promise to be a sustainable and inexpensive alternative material for polymer electrolyte membranes compared to the expensive commercial Nafion membrane. However, its practical applications have been limited by its relatively low performance and reduced mechanical properties under typical operating conditions. In this study, CNFs were derived from

ACS Style

George Cai; Songtao Li; Songze Wu; Aniket Raut; Likun Wang; Sunil K. Sharma; Priyanka R. Sharma; Miriam Rafailovich. Sustainable nanocellulose membranes for PEM fuel cells. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

George Cai, Songtao Li, Songze Wu, Aniket Raut, Likun Wang, Sunil K. Sharma, Priyanka R. Sharma, Miriam Rafailovich. Sustainable nanocellulose membranes for PEM fuel cells. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George Cai; Songtao Li; Songze Wu; Aniket Raut; Likun Wang; Sunil K. Sharma; Priyanka R. Sharma; Miriam Rafailovich. 2020. "Sustainable nanocellulose membranes for PEM fuel cells." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 16 April 2020
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The merits of Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSC) in regenerative medicine cannot be understated. Variable substrate film modulus and the presence of titanium nanoparticles have been demonstrated to induce favorable pathways for differentiation. This study aims to draw a relation between TiO2, templated biomineralization, and differentiation of DPSC. Si wafers were cut and

ACS Style

Megha Gopal; Jessica Hofflich; Ya-Chen Chuang; Chang-Yong Nam; Marcia Simon; Miriam Rafailovich. Determining physical and chemical effects of ALD TiO2 on DPSC differentiation and biomineralization in PB films. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Megha Gopal, Jessica Hofflich, Ya-Chen Chuang, Chang-Yong Nam, Marcia Simon, Miriam Rafailovich. Determining physical and chemical effects of ALD TiO2 on DPSC differentiation and biomineralization in PB films. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Megha Gopal; Jessica Hofflich; Ya-Chen Chuang; Chang-Yong Nam; Marcia Simon; Miriam Rafailovich. 2020. "Determining physical and chemical effects of ALD TiO2 on DPSC differentiation and biomineralization in PB films." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 27 February 2020 in Composites Part B: Engineering
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There is an urgent demand for producing biodegradable polymer based composites with good thermal and/or electrical conductivity to mitigate the plastic pollution introduced by electronic waste. Here, we have designed and engineered a mechanically strong, melt processable, biodegradable polymer based nanocomposite with excellent thermal and electrical conductivity using filler dispersion principle and the work of adhesion (Wa) as guides. In the design, graphene nano-platelets (GNPs) were dispersed into a highly ductile biodegradable polymer - poly (butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) (PBAT). Blending with another biodegradable polymer, poly (lactic acid) (PLA) that has low affinity to GNPs, confined the dispersion of GNPs within PBAT matrix, thereby facilitating the formation of a percolated network. As a result, high thermal conductivity (3.15W/m⋅K) and electrical conductivity (338S/m) were achieved for the nanocomposite at 40 wt% of GNPs loading, and the mechanical performance remained strong even at such filler loading due to the strong interaction between GNPs and PBAT. This study provides a new strategy for effectively producing high thermally and/or electrically conductive polymer nanocomposites.

ACS Style

Yichen Guo; Xianghao Zuo; Yuan Xue; Jinghan Tang; Michael Gouzman; Yiwei Fang; Yuchen Zhou; Likun Wang; Yingjie Yu; Miriam H. Rafailovich. Engineering thermally and electrically conductive biodegradable polymer nanocomposites. Composites Part B: Engineering 2020, 189, 107905 .

AMA Style

Yichen Guo, Xianghao Zuo, Yuan Xue, Jinghan Tang, Michael Gouzman, Yiwei Fang, Yuchen Zhou, Likun Wang, Yingjie Yu, Miriam H. Rafailovich. Engineering thermally and electrically conductive biodegradable polymer nanocomposites. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2020; 189 ():107905.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yichen Guo; Xianghao Zuo; Yuan Xue; Jinghan Tang; Michael Gouzman; Yiwei Fang; Yuchen Zhou; Likun Wang; Yingjie Yu; Miriam H. Rafailovich. 2020. "Engineering thermally and electrically conductive biodegradable polymer nanocomposites." Composites Part B: Engineering 189, no. : 107905.

Journal article
Published: 30 December 2019 in Applied Energy
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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are one of the most promising energy solutions in meeting the soaring global energy demand and relieving the environmental concerns associated with greenhouse emissions. Cost and durability are two main obstacles hindering the successful commercialization of PEMFCs. Here, we propose a solution which could significantly enhance durability, reduce PGM catalyst, and increase tolerance to impure hydrogen sources thereby reducing cost and increasing convenience by allowing operation in ambient conditions. We show that applying a coating of 1 μg/cm2 of graphene oxide (GO) directly onto the Nafion membrane or electrodes enabled a 60% enhancement of the maximum power output to 0.78 or 0.76 W/cm2, using only a total of 0.15 mg/cm2 Pt catalyst. Durability tests were carried out complying with the DOE2020 protocols, indicating that the enhancement persisted even after 30k cycles, where the maximum power decrease was only 9%, as compared with 18% in the control sample, and the decrease in voltage at 1.5 A/cm2 was only 13%, as compared with 70% of the control sample. In addition, blending of 0.1% CO gas into the input H2 stream reduced the power by 72% in the control, while only 26% power reduction was observed in the coated PEMFCs. Also, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements exhibited a decrease in resistance of only 13%, while the active Pt surface area of the electrode with GO coating after 30k cycles was 17.5% higher than the control and the minimal DOE requirement.

ACS Style

Likun Wang; Stoyan Bliznakov; Rebecca Isseroff; Yuchen Zhou; Xianghao Zuo; Aniket Raut; Wanhua Wang; Michael Cuiffo; Taejin Kim; Miriam H. Rafailovich. Enhancing proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance via graphene oxide surface synergy. Applied Energy 2019, 261, 114277 .

AMA Style

Likun Wang, Stoyan Bliznakov, Rebecca Isseroff, Yuchen Zhou, Xianghao Zuo, Aniket Raut, Wanhua Wang, Michael Cuiffo, Taejin Kim, Miriam H. Rafailovich. Enhancing proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance via graphene oxide surface synergy. Applied Energy. 2019; 261 ():114277.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Likun Wang; Stoyan Bliznakov; Rebecca Isseroff; Yuchen Zhou; Xianghao Zuo; Aniket Raut; Wanhua Wang; Michael Cuiffo; Taejin Kim; Miriam H. Rafailovich. 2019. "Enhancing proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance via graphene oxide surface synergy." Applied Energy 261, no. : 114277.

Journal article
Published: 20 October 2019 in MRS Communications
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Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) provide a renewable source of energy through the redox reaction of hydrogen and oxygen gas; however, operation relies on a costly platinum catalyst layer. This study investigates how electrospun catalyst layers may be employed to increase the surface area:volume ratio for catalysis to optimize PEMFC performance. When preparing electrospinning solutions, several base polymers were evaluated in varying concentrations to optimize fiber formation, with poly(acrylic acid) found to be preferable at a 12 wt% concentration. Ultimately, PEMFCs with electrospun catalyst layers achieved a 108% increase in power output compared to those air-sprayed.

ACS Style

Guan Hao Chen; Danielle Kelly; Audrey Shine; Zipei Liu; Likun Wang; Stoyan Bliznakov; Miriam Rafailovich. Electrospinning deposition of poly(acrylic acid): platinum/carbon catalyst ink to enhance polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance. MRS Communications 2019, 9, 1343 -1348.

AMA Style

Guan Hao Chen, Danielle Kelly, Audrey Shine, Zipei Liu, Likun Wang, Stoyan Bliznakov, Miriam Rafailovich. Electrospinning deposition of poly(acrylic acid): platinum/carbon catalyst ink to enhance polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance. MRS Communications. 2019; 9 (4):1343-1348.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guan Hao Chen; Danielle Kelly; Audrey Shine; Zipei Liu; Likun Wang; Stoyan Bliznakov; Miriam Rafailovich. 2019. "Electrospinning deposition of poly(acrylic acid): platinum/carbon catalyst ink to enhance polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance." MRS Communications 9, no. 4: 1343-1348.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2019 in Acta Biomaterialia
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Poloxamers, or pluronics, have been proposed as biomimetic substitutes for physiological gels. Concern regarding their ability to resist swelling under fluid flows has impeded their implementation. Using a combination of techniques including cryo-TEM and rapid X-ray imaging, we found that rapid flow rates stabilized the gels against dissolution. Energy balance calculations confirmed that disentanglement of individual micelles was not possible at time scales faster than the reptation time when the system response was that of a solid which dissipated the hydrodynamic force field via cooperative deformation. In-vivo tests were performed where the hydrogel was injected as a substitute for the nucleus pulposus following discectomy in dogs. The results indicated that the gel was still present after 3 months, and radiographs indicated that compression of the disc space was prevented despite the gel being exposed to constant perfusion. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This paper demonstrates a highly unexpected result and counter intuitive result, namely the inverse dependence of the dissociation rate of a physical hydrogel on the flow velocity of the liquid medium. Using cryo-electron microscopy we demonstrate that the gel responds like deformable solid in high flow rates, with minimal dissociation. Since these gels are thermoreversible, they were injected into dogs, where we show that they were a viable alternative to the nucleus pulposus, without dissolution in physiological fluid flows for at least three months.

ACS Style

Juyi Li; Clement Marmorat; Gleb Vasilyev; Jiaolong Jiang; Naama Koifman; Yichen Guo; Ishi Talmon; Eyal Zussman; Dilip Gersappe; Raphael Davis; Miriam Rafailovich. Flow induced stability of pluronic hydrogels: Injectable and unencapsulated nucleus pulposus replacement. Acta Biomaterialia 2019, 96, 295 -302.

AMA Style

Juyi Li, Clement Marmorat, Gleb Vasilyev, Jiaolong Jiang, Naama Koifman, Yichen Guo, Ishi Talmon, Eyal Zussman, Dilip Gersappe, Raphael Davis, Miriam Rafailovich. Flow induced stability of pluronic hydrogels: Injectable and unencapsulated nucleus pulposus replacement. Acta Biomaterialia. 2019; 96 ():295-302.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juyi Li; Clement Marmorat; Gleb Vasilyev; Jiaolong Jiang; Naama Koifman; Yichen Guo; Ishi Talmon; Eyal Zussman; Dilip Gersappe; Raphael Davis; Miriam Rafailovich. 2019. "Flow induced stability of pluronic hydrogels: Injectable and unencapsulated nucleus pulposus replacement." Acta Biomaterialia 96, no. : 295-302.

Paper
Published: 30 July 2019 in Sustainable Energy & Fuels
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Natural cellulose fiber membranes were used as simple scaffolds for low-cost and stable proton exchange membranes in fuel cells.

ACS Style

Likun Wang; Xianghao Zuo; Aniket Raut; Rebecca Isseroff; Yuan Xue; Yuchen Zhou; Bhawan Sandhu; Tzipora Schein; Tatiana Zeliznyak; Priyanka Sharma; Sunil Sharma; Benjamin S. Hsiao; Miriam H. Rafailovich; Tatiana Zaliznyak. Operation of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells using natural cellulose fiber membranes. Sustainable Energy & Fuels 2019, 3, 2725 -2732.

AMA Style

Likun Wang, Xianghao Zuo, Aniket Raut, Rebecca Isseroff, Yuan Xue, Yuchen Zhou, Bhawan Sandhu, Tzipora Schein, Tatiana Zeliznyak, Priyanka Sharma, Sunil Sharma, Benjamin S. Hsiao, Miriam H. Rafailovich, Tatiana Zaliznyak. Operation of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells using natural cellulose fiber membranes. Sustainable Energy & Fuels. 2019; 3 (10):2725-2732.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Likun Wang; Xianghao Zuo; Aniket Raut; Rebecca Isseroff; Yuan Xue; Yuchen Zhou; Bhawan Sandhu; Tzipora Schein; Tatiana Zeliznyak; Priyanka Sharma; Sunil Sharma; Benjamin S. Hsiao; Miriam H. Rafailovich; Tatiana Zaliznyak. 2019. "Operation of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells using natural cellulose fiber membranes." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 3, no. 10: 2725-2732.

Journal article
Published: 18 July 2019 in Coatings
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The influence of polymer blend coatings on the differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells was investigated. Polymer blending is a common means of producing new coating materials with variable properties. Stem cell differentiation is known to be influenced by both chemical and mechanical properties of the underlying scaffold. We therefore selected to probe the response of stem cells cultured separately on two very different polymers, and then cultured on a 1:1 blend. The response to mechanical properties was probed by culturing the cells on polybutadiene (PB) films, where the film moduli was varied by adjusting film thickness. Cells adjusted their internal structure such that their moduli scaled with the PB films. These cells expressed chondrocyte markers (osterix (OSX), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen X (COL-X), and aggrecan (ACAN)) without mineralizing. In contrast, cells on partially sulfonated polystyrene (PSS28) deposited large amounts of hydroxyapatite and expressed differentiation markers consistent with chondrocyte hypertrophy (OSX, ALP, COL-X, but not ACAN). Cells on phase-segregated PB and PSS28 films differentiated identically to those on PSS28, underscoring the challenges of using polymer templates for cell patterning in tissue engineering.

ACS Style

Aneel Bherwani; Chung-Chueh Chang; Gadi Pelled; Zulma Gazit; Dan Gazit; Miriam Rafailovich; Marcia Simon. The Influence of Polymer Blends on Regulating Chondrogenesis. Coatings 2019, 9, 451 .

AMA Style

Aneel Bherwani, Chung-Chueh Chang, Gadi Pelled, Zulma Gazit, Dan Gazit, Miriam Rafailovich, Marcia Simon. The Influence of Polymer Blends on Regulating Chondrogenesis. Coatings. 2019; 9 (7):451.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aneel Bherwani; Chung-Chueh Chang; Gadi Pelled; Zulma Gazit; Dan Gazit; Miriam Rafailovich; Marcia Simon. 2019. "The Influence of Polymer Blends on Regulating Chondrogenesis." Coatings 9, no. 7: 451.

Paper
Published: 10 June 2019 in The Analyst
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The high sensitivity and high selectivity demonstrated here proved that this lab-on-a-chip diagnostic has the potential to become a point-of-care (POC) detection system for rapid and accurate screening of flaviviruses.

ACS Style

Vincent Ricotta; Yingjie Yu; Nicholas Clayton; Ya-Chen Chuang; Yantian Wang; Steffen Mueller; Kalle Levon; Marcia Simon; Miriam Rafailovich. A chip-based potentiometric sensor for a Zika virus diagnostic using 3D surface molecular imprinting. The Analyst 2019, 144, 4266 -4280.

AMA Style

Vincent Ricotta, Yingjie Yu, Nicholas Clayton, Ya-Chen Chuang, Yantian Wang, Steffen Mueller, Kalle Levon, Marcia Simon, Miriam Rafailovich. A chip-based potentiometric sensor for a Zika virus diagnostic using 3D surface molecular imprinting. The Analyst. 2019; 144 (14):4266-4280.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vincent Ricotta; Yingjie Yu; Nicholas Clayton; Ya-Chen Chuang; Yantian Wang; Steffen Mueller; Kalle Levon; Marcia Simon; Miriam Rafailovich. 2019. "A chip-based potentiometric sensor for a Zika virus diagnostic using 3D surface molecular imprinting." The Analyst 144, no. 14: 4266-4280.

Journal article
Published: 02 March 2019 in Acta Biomaterialia
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We have shown that materials other than hydrogels commonly used in tissue engineering can be effective in enabling differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSC). Here we demonstrate that a hydrophobic elastomer, polyisoprene (PI), a component of Gutta-percha, normally used to obturate the tooth canal, can also be used to initiate differentiation of the pulp. We showed that PI substrates without additional coating promote cell adhesion and differentiation, while their moduli can be easily adjusted either by varying the coating thickness or incorporation of inorganic particles. DPSC plated on those PI substrates were shown, using SPM and hysitron indentation, to adjust their moduli to conform to differentially small changes in the substrate modulus. In addition, optical tweezers were used to separately measure the membrane and cytoplasm moduli of DPSC, with and without Rho kinase inhibitor. The results indicated that the changes in modulus were attributed predominantly to changes within the cytoplasm, rather than the cell membrane. CLSM was used to identify cell morphology. Differentiation, as determined by qRT-PCR, of the upregulation of OCN, and COL1α1 as well as biomineralization, characterized by SEM/EDAX, was observed on hard PI substrates in the absence of induction factors, i.e. dexamethasone, with moduli 3-4 MPa, regardless of preparation. SEM showed that even though biomineralization was deposited on both spun cast thin PI and filled thick PI substrates, the minerals were aggregated into large clusters on thin PI, and uniformly distributed on filled thick PI, where it was templated within banded collagen fibers. This manuscript demonstrates the potential of polyisoprene (PI), an elastomeric polymer, for use in tissue engineering. We show how dental pulp stem cells adjust their moduli continuously to match infinitesimally small changes in substrate mechanics, till a critical threshold is reached when they will differentiate. The lineage of differentiation then becomes a sensitive function of both mechanics and morphology for a given chemical composition. Since PI is a major component of Gutta-percha, the FDA approved material commonly used for obturating the root canal, this work suggests that it can easily be adapted for in vivo use in dental regeneration.

ACS Style

Ya-Chen Chuang; Yingjie Yu; Ming-Tzo Wei; Chung-Chueh Chang; Vincent Ricotta; Kuan-Che Feng; Likun Wang; Aneel K. Bherwani; H. Daniel Ou-Yang; Marcia Simon; Liudi Zhang; Miriam Rafailovich. Regulating substrate mechanics to achieve odontogenic differentiation for dental pulp stem cells on TiO2 filled and unfilled polyisoprene. Acta Biomaterialia 2019, 89, 60 -72.

AMA Style

Ya-Chen Chuang, Yingjie Yu, Ming-Tzo Wei, Chung-Chueh Chang, Vincent Ricotta, Kuan-Che Feng, Likun Wang, Aneel K. Bherwani, H. Daniel Ou-Yang, Marcia Simon, Liudi Zhang, Miriam Rafailovich. Regulating substrate mechanics to achieve odontogenic differentiation for dental pulp stem cells on TiO2 filled and unfilled polyisoprene. Acta Biomaterialia. 2019; 89 ():60-72.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ya-Chen Chuang; Yingjie Yu; Ming-Tzo Wei; Chung-Chueh Chang; Vincent Ricotta; Kuan-Che Feng; Likun Wang; Aneel K. Bherwani; H. Daniel Ou-Yang; Marcia Simon; Liudi Zhang; Miriam Rafailovich. 2019. "Regulating substrate mechanics to achieve odontogenic differentiation for dental pulp stem cells on TiO2 filled and unfilled polyisoprene." Acta Biomaterialia 89, no. : 60-72.