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Dr. Nikos Paranychianakis
Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece

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0 Water Use Efficiency
0 decentralized treatment systems
0 effluent reuse
0 N and C cycling
0 soil and wastewater microbiology

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Water Use Efficiency
effluent reuse

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Review
Published: 11 April 2021 in Sustainability
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Since prehistoric times, water conflicts have occurred as a result of a wide range of tensions and/or violence, which have rarely taken the form of traditional warfare waged over water resources alone. Instead, water has historically been a (re)source of tension and a factor in conflicts that start for other reasons. In some cases, water was used directly as a weapon through its ability to cause damage through deprivation or erosion or water resources of enemy populations and their armies. However, water conflicts, both past and present, arise for several reasons; including territorial disputes, fight for resources, and strategic advantage. The main reasons of water conflicts are usually delimitation of boundaries, waterlogging (e.g., dams and lakes), diversion of rivers flow, running water, food, and political distresses. In recent decades, the number of human casualties caused by water conflicts is more than that of natural disasters, indicating the importance of emerging trends on water wars in the world. This paper presents arguments, fights, discourses, and conflicts around water from ancient times to the present. This diachronic survey attempts to provide water governance alternatives for the current and future.

ACS Style

Andreas Angelakis; Mohammad Valipour; Abdelkader Ahmed; Vasileios Tzanakakis; Nikolaos Paranychianakis; Jens Krasilnikoff; Renato Drusiani; Larry Mays; Fatma El Gohary; Demetris Koutsoyiannis; Saifullah Khan; Luigi Giacco. Water Conflicts: From Ancient to Modern Times and in the Future. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4237 .

AMA Style

Andreas Angelakis, Mohammad Valipour, Abdelkader Ahmed, Vasileios Tzanakakis, Nikolaos Paranychianakis, Jens Krasilnikoff, Renato Drusiani, Larry Mays, Fatma El Gohary, Demetris Koutsoyiannis, Saifullah Khan, Luigi Giacco. Water Conflicts: From Ancient to Modern Times and in the Future. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4237.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreas Angelakis; Mohammad Valipour; Abdelkader Ahmed; Vasileios Tzanakakis; Nikolaos Paranychianakis; Jens Krasilnikoff; Renato Drusiani; Larry Mays; Fatma El Gohary; Demetris Koutsoyiannis; Saifullah Khan; Luigi Giacco. 2021. "Water Conflicts: From Ancient to Modern Times and in the Future." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4237.

Editorial
Published: 21 August 2020 in Water
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This paper provides an overview of the Special Issue on water supply and water scarcity. The papers selected for publication include review papers on water history, on water management issues under water scarcity regimes, on rainwater harvesting, on water quality and degradation, and on climatic variability impacts on water resources. Overall, the issue underscores the need for a revised water management, especially in areas with demographic change and climate vulnerability towards sustainable and secure water supply. Moreover, general guidelines and possible solutions, such as the adoption of advanced technological solutions and practices that improve water use efficiency and the use of alternative (non-conventional) water resources are highlighted and discussed to address growing environmental and health issues and to reduce the emerging conflicts among water users.

ACS Style

Vasileios A. Tzanakakis; Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis; Andreas N. Angelakis. Water Supply and Water Scarcity. Water 2020, 12, 2347 .

AMA Style

Vasileios A. Tzanakakis, Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis, Andreas N. Angelakis. Water Supply and Water Scarcity. Water. 2020; 12 (9):2347.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vasileios A. Tzanakakis; Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis; Andreas N. Angelakis. 2020. "Water Supply and Water Scarcity." Water 12, no. 9: 2347.

Review
Published: 28 May 2020 in Water
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Crete, located in the South Mediterranean Sea, is characterized by long coastal areas, varied terrain relief and geology, and great spatial and inter-annual variations in precipitation. Under average meteorological conditions, the island is water-sufficient (969 mm precipitation; theoretical water potential 3284 hm3; and total water use 610 hm3). Agriculture is by far the greatest user of water (78% of total water use), followed by domestic use (21%). Despite the high average water availability, water scarcity events commonly occur, particularly in the eastern-south part of the island, driven by local climatic conditions and seasonal or geographical mismatches between water availability and demand. Other critical issues in water management include the over-exploitation of groundwater, accounting for 93% of the water used in agriculture; low water use efficiencies in the farms; limited use of non-conventional water sources (effluent reuse); lack of modern frameworks of control and monitoring; and inadequate cooperation among stakeholders. These deficiencies impact adversely water use efficiency, deteriorate quality of water resources, increase competition for water and water pricing, and impair agriculture and environment. Moreover, the water-limited areas may display low adaptation potential to climate variability and face increased risks for the human-managed and natural ecosystems. The development of appropriate water governance frameworks that promote the development of integrated water management plans and allow concurrently flexibility to account for local differentiations in social-economic favors is urgently needed to achieve efficient water management and to improve the adaptation to the changing climatic conditions. Specific corrective actions may include use of alternative water sources (e.g., treated effluent and brackish water), implementation of efficient water use practices, re-formation of pricing policy, efficient control and monitoring, and investment in research and innovation to support the above actions. It is necessary to strengthen the links across stakeholders (e.g., farmers, enterprises, corporations, institutes, universities, agencies, and public authorities), along with an effective and updated governance framework to address the critical issues in water management, facilitate knowledge transfer, and promote the efficient use of non-conventional water resources.

ACS Style

V. A. Tzanakakis; A. N. Angelakis; N. V. Paranychianakis; Y. G. Dialynas; G. Tchobanoglous. Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Management of Water Resources in the Island of Crete, Greece. Water 2020, 12, 1538 .

AMA Style

V. A. Tzanakakis, A. N. Angelakis, N. V. Paranychianakis, Y. G. Dialynas, G. Tchobanoglous. Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Management of Water Resources in the Island of Crete, Greece. Water. 2020; 12 (6):1538.

Chicago/Turabian Style

V. A. Tzanakakis; A. N. Angelakis; N. V. Paranychianakis; Y. G. Dialynas; G. Tchobanoglous. 2020. "Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Management of Water Resources in the Island of Crete, Greece." Water 12, no. 6: 1538.

Preprint content
Published: 05 February 2019
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There is a renewed interest in recent years on the ecological processes (stochastic vs selective) driving the assembly of microbial communities. Such information could potentially improve our understanding on ecosystem functioning and resilience to disturbances, ecosystem response to environmental shifts, and adoption of sustainable soil management practices. Herein, employing a suite of existing methodologies, we show that stochastic processes have an important role on the assembly of soil bacterial communities at a Mediterranean watershed. Moreover, we document that the relative contribution of assembly processes varies over the years. The observed intensification of stochastic processes was accompanied by a decrease in the contribution of variable selection in favor of homogeneous selection and dispersal and this trend was only marginally affected by land use (natural vs agricultural lands) or soil depth. Our study also revealed a high inter-annual turnover of soil microbial communities that was likely stimulated by the weak environmental selection and the prevailing environmental conditions (drying-wetting cycles) in Mediterranean landscapes, implying potential impacts on ecosystem functioning and our ability to predict soil response to environmental shifts. Using nitrogen mineralization rate (NMR) as a representative function we document highly variable NMR over the sampling years, land uses and soil depths and lack of significant associations with the monitored environmental variables and individual taxa. In summary, our study provides novel insights on the organization and functioning of microbial communities at Mediterranean ecosystems and sets directions towards a more advanced understanding of the relationships among environmental factors, microbial community structure, and ecosystem functioning that could contribute to sustainable management of these severely degraded ecosystems.

ACS Style

Myrto Tsiknia; Stilianos Fodelianakis; Nikolaos P. Nikolaidis; Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis. Neutral processes and high inter-annual turnover shape the assembly of soil bacterial communities in a Mediterranean watershed. 2019, 542076 .

AMA Style

Myrto Tsiknia, Stilianos Fodelianakis, Nikolaos P. Nikolaidis, Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis. Neutral processes and high inter-annual turnover shape the assembly of soil bacterial communities in a Mediterranean watershed. . 2019; ():542076.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Myrto Tsiknia; Stilianos Fodelianakis; Nikolaos P. Nikolaidis; Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis. 2019. "Neutral processes and high inter-annual turnover shape the assembly of soil bacterial communities in a Mediterranean watershed." , no. : 542076.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Soil and Tillage Research
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ACS Style

Antonios Apostolakis; Sotiria Panakoulia; Nikolaos Nikolaidis; Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis. Shifts in soil structure and soil organic matter in a chronosequence of set-aside fields. Soil and Tillage Research 2017, 174, 113 -119.

AMA Style

Antonios Apostolakis, Sotiria Panakoulia, Nikolaos Nikolaidis, Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis. Shifts in soil structure and soil organic matter in a chronosequence of set-aside fields. Soil and Tillage Research. 2017; 174 ():113-119.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonios Apostolakis; Sotiria Panakoulia; Nikolaos Nikolaidis; Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis. 2017. "Shifts in soil structure and soil organic matter in a chronosequence of set-aside fields." Soil and Tillage Research 174, no. : 113-119.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2017 in Applied Soil Ecology
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ACS Style

Vasileios A. Tzanakakis; Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis. Divergent response of ammonia oxidizers to various amino acids. Applied Soil Ecology 2017, 114, 45 -51.

AMA Style

Vasileios A. Tzanakakis, Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis. Divergent response of ammonia oxidizers to various amino acids. Applied Soil Ecology. 2017; 114 ():45-51.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vasileios A. Tzanakakis; Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis. 2017. "Divergent response of ammonia oxidizers to various amino acids." Applied Soil Ecology 114, no. : 45-51.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2016 in Water Research
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Single-stage constructed wetlands (CWs) are characterized by a low potential for N removal. Understanding the pathways regulating N cycling as well as their dependence on environmental variables might improve the potential of CWs for N removal and results in more accurate simulation tools. In this study we employed qPCR targeting marker functional genes (amoA, nirK, nirS, clade I and II nosZ) or microorganisms (anammox) regulating key pathways of N cycling to unravel their relative importance. Furthermore, the influence of plant species on treatment performance was studied. Our findings indicated nitrification-denitrification as the principal route of N removal in CWs, while anammox did not have a strong contribution. Evidence was also arisen that ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) contributed on NH3 oxidation. Overall, plant species had a weak effect on the abundance of N functional genes (amoA of AOA), but it strongly affected the performance of CWs in terms of N removal in the following order: unplanted < P. communis < T. latifolia. These findings suggest that plant species stimulate N removal by upregulating the rates that the responsible biochemical pathways operate, probably by increasing O2 supply. In addition, our study revealed differences in indicators linked to N2O emissions. The abundance of clade II nosZ genes remained low across the season scaling down a strong contribution in the reduction of the emitted N2O. The increasing ratios of nosZ/Σnir and nirS/nirK with the progress of season indicate a shift in the composition of denitrifiers towards strains with a lower genetic potential for N2O release. Similar trends were observed among the treatments but the mechanisms differed. The planted treatments stimulated an increase in the ΣnosZ/Σnir ratio, while the unplanted an increase in the nirS/nirK ratio.

ACS Style

Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis; Myrto Tsiknia; Nicolas Kalogerakis. Pathways regulating the removal of nitrogen in planted and unplanted subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Water Research 2016, 102, 321 -329.

AMA Style

Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis, Myrto Tsiknia, Nicolas Kalogerakis. Pathways regulating the removal of nitrogen in planted and unplanted subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Water Research. 2016; 102 ():321-329.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis; Myrto Tsiknia; Nicolas Kalogerakis. 2016. "Pathways regulating the removal of nitrogen in planted and unplanted subsurface flow constructed wetlands." Water Research 102, no. : 321-329.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2015 in Scientia Horticulturae
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ACS Style

Androniki Papafilippaki; Nikolaos Paranychianakis; Nikolaos Nikolaidis. Effects of soil type and municipal solid waste compost as soil amendment on Cichorium spinosum (spiny chicory) growth. Scientia Horticulturae 2015, 1 .

AMA Style

Androniki Papafilippaki, Nikolaos Paranychianakis, Nikolaos Nikolaidis. Effects of soil type and municipal solid waste compost as soil amendment on Cichorium spinosum (spiny chicory) growth. Scientia Horticulturae. 2015; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Androniki Papafilippaki; Nikolaos Paranychianakis; Nikolaos Nikolaidis. 2015. "Effects of soil type and municipal solid waste compost as soil amendment on Cichorium spinosum (spiny chicory) growth." Scientia Horticulturae , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 11 May 2015 in FEMS Microbiology Ecology
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To date only few studies have dealt with the biogeography of microbial communities at large spatial scales, despite the importance of such information to understand and simulate ecosystem functioning. Herein, we describe the biogeographic patterns of microorganisms involved in nitrogen (N)-cycling (diazotrophs, ammonia oxidizers, denitrifiers) as well as the environmental factors shaping these patterns across the Koiliaris Critical Zone Observatory, a typical Mediterranean watershed. Our findings revealed that a proportion of variance ranging from 40 to 80% of functional genes abundance could be explained by the environmental variables monitored, with pH, soil texture, total organic carbon and potential nitrification rate being identified as the most important drivers. The spatial autocorrelation of N-functional genes ranged from 0.2 to 6.2 km and prediction maps, generated by cokriging, revealed distinct patterns of functional genes. The inclusion of functional genes in statistical modeling substantially improved the proportion of variance explained by the models, a result possibly due to the strong relationships that were identified among microbial groups. Significant relationships were set between functional groups, which were further mediated by land use (natural versus agricultural lands). These relationships, in combination with the environmental variables, allow us to provide insights regarding the ecological preferences of N-functional groups and among them the recently identified clade II of nitrous oxide reducers.

ACS Style

Myrto Tsiknia; Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis; Emmanouil A. Varouchakis; Nikolaos Nikolaidis. Environmental drivers of the distribution of nitrogen functional genes at a watershed scale. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 2015, 91, 1 .

AMA Style

Myrto Tsiknia, Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis, Emmanouil A. Varouchakis, Nikolaos Nikolaidis. Environmental drivers of the distribution of nitrogen functional genes at a watershed scale. FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 2015; 91 (6):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Myrto Tsiknia; Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis; Emmanouil A. Varouchakis; Nikolaos Nikolaidis. 2015. "Environmental drivers of the distribution of nitrogen functional genes at a watershed scale." FEMS Microbiology Ecology 91, no. 6: 1.

Journal article
Published: 13 January 2015 in Water
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This work investigates the effect of plant species (Eucalyptus camaldulensis vs. Arundo donax) on carbon (C) turnover during wastewater application to the land. The study was carried out in 40-liter pots under field conditions and plant species were treated either with pre-treated municipal wastewater or freshwater. Plant species had a strong effect on soil organic matter with pots planted with E. camaldulensis showing greater values than pots planted with A. donax. In accordance, greater respiration rates were measured in E. camaldulensis pots compared to those planted with A. donax. The respiration rate followed a decreasing trend with the progress of the season for both species. These findings suggest differences in soil microbial community composition and/or activity in the rhizosphere of plant species. Minor effects of plant species or effluent were observed in dissolved organic carbon, protein, and hexoses content. In conclusion, the results of the present study reveal an important role of plant species on C cycling in terrestrial environments with potential implications on the sequestration of C and release of nutrients and pollutants.

ACS Style

Vasileios A. Tzanakakis; Giannis Vagiakis; Myrto Tsiknia; Andreas N. Angelakis; Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis. Carbon Turnover during Effluent Application to the Land: A Potential Role for Vegetation? Water 2015, 7, 288 -299.

AMA Style

Vasileios A. Tzanakakis, Giannis Vagiakis, Myrto Tsiknia, Andreas N. Angelakis, Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis. Carbon Turnover during Effluent Application to the Land: A Potential Role for Vegetation? Water. 2015; 7 (12):288-299.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vasileios A. Tzanakakis; Giannis Vagiakis; Myrto Tsiknia; Andreas N. Angelakis; Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis. 2015. "Carbon Turnover during Effluent Application to the Land: A Potential Role for Vegetation?" Water 7, no. 12: 288-299.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2014 in Journal of Soils and Sediments
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The purpose of this study was the investigation of sediment provenance and soil formation processes within a Mediterranean watershed (Koiliaris CZO in Greece) with particular emphasis on natural and manmade terraces. Five sites (K1–K5) were excavated and analyzed for their pedology (profile description), geochemistry [including rare earth elements (REEs) and other trace elements], texture, and mineralogy along with chronological analysis (optical luminescence dating). The selected sites have the common characteristic of being flat terraces while the sites differed with regard to bedrock lithology, elevation, and land use. Three characteristic processes of soil genesis were identified: (1) sediments transportation from outcrops of metamorphic rocks and sedimentation at the fluvial sites (K1–K2), (2) in situ soil development in manmade terraces (K3, K4), and (3) strong eolian input and/or material transported by gravity from upslope at the mountainous site (K5). REE patterns verified the soil genesis processes while they revealed also soil development processes such as (a) calcite deposition (K1), (b) clay illuviation and strong weathering (K4), and (c) possibly fast oxidation/precipitation processes (K3). Carbon sequestration throughout the soil profile was high at manmade terraces at higher elevation compared to fluvial environments due to both climatic effects and possibly intensive anthropogenic impact. Soils at Koiliaris CZO were rather young soils with limited evolution. The different soil age, land use, and climatic effect induced various soil genesis and soil development processes. The manmade terraces at higher elevation have much higher carbon sequestration compared to the anthropogenic impacted fluvial areas.

ACS Style

Daniel Moraetis; Nikolaos Paranychianakis; Nikolaos Nikolaidis; Steven Banwart; Svetla Rousseva; Milena Kercheva; Martin Nenov; Toma Shishkov; Peter De Ruiter; Jaap Bloem; W. E. H. Blum; G. J. Lair; Pauline Van Gaans; Marc Verheul. Sediment provenance, soil development, and carbon content in fluvial and manmade terraces at Koiliaris River Critical Zone Observatory. Journal of Soils and Sediments 2014, 15, 347 -364.

AMA Style

Daniel Moraetis, Nikolaos Paranychianakis, Nikolaos Nikolaidis, Steven Banwart, Svetla Rousseva, Milena Kercheva, Martin Nenov, Toma Shishkov, Peter De Ruiter, Jaap Bloem, W. E. H. Blum, G. J. Lair, Pauline Van Gaans, Marc Verheul. Sediment provenance, soil development, and carbon content in fluvial and manmade terraces at Koiliaris River Critical Zone Observatory. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 2014; 15 (2):347-364.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Moraetis; Nikolaos Paranychianakis; Nikolaos Nikolaidis; Steven Banwart; Svetla Rousseva; Milena Kercheva; Martin Nenov; Toma Shishkov; Peter De Ruiter; Jaap Bloem; W. E. H. Blum; G. J. Lair; Pauline Van Gaans; Marc Verheul. 2014. "Sediment provenance, soil development, and carbon content in fluvial and manmade terraces at Koiliaris River Critical Zone Observatory." Journal of Soils and Sediments 15, no. 2: 347-364.

Original articles
Published: 10 September 2014 in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology
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Water quality criteria are an indispensable part of water reuse projects aiming to ensure the protection of public health and the environment. In addition, criteria can affect the development, public acceptance, and economic viability of water reuse projects. Currently no uniform criteria exist, but they diverge, often greatly, between countries and states. The authors briefly present the evolution of reuse criteria worldwide and discuss emerging issues related to ecological and public health risks that have not addressed adequately in existing criteria. They specifically focus on European Union (EU) countries and present their water reuse status based on the published data and the existing (or nonexisting) reuse frameworks. Data gathered from public agencies reveal a high potential for water reuse in the EU that could potentially contribute to ensuring that fresh water is available for all sectors and to protect the environment, but it has not expanded at the expected rates. The lack of water reuse criteria was thought as the most important cause for this delay. lasting recent years, however, several countries, particularly those located in the Mediterranean basin, established water reuse criteria. Similarities and differences as well as potential benefits and drawbacks of these criteria are discussed and interpreted with these of the other world. An important conclusion is that the criteria enacted in Greece, Italy, and Spain will probably prevent the development of water reuse projects and increase the costs. Moreover, major challenges, the future views, and the necessity for establishing common regulations for water reuse at an EU level are considered.

ACS Style

N. V. Paranychianakis; M. Salgot; Shane Snyder; A. N. Angelakis. Water Reuse in EU States: Necessity for Uniform Criteria to Mitigate Human and Environmental Risks. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 2014, 45, 1409 -1468.

AMA Style

N. V. Paranychianakis, M. Salgot, Shane Snyder, A. N. Angelakis. Water Reuse in EU States: Necessity for Uniform Criteria to Mitigate Human and Environmental Risks. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 2014; 45 (13):1409-1468.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N. V. Paranychianakis; M. Salgot; Shane Snyder; A. N. Angelakis. 2014. "Water Reuse in EU States: Necessity for Uniform Criteria to Mitigate Human and Environmental Risks." Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 45, no. 13: 1409-1468.

Journal article
Published: 29 July 2014 in FEMS Microbiology Ecology
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Data on soil microbial community distribution at large scales are limited despite the important information that could be drawn with regard to their function and the influence of environmental factors on nutrient cycling and ecosystem services. This study investigates the distribution of Archaea, Bacteria and Fungi as well as the dominant bacterial phyla (Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes), and classes of Proteobacteria (Alpha- and Betaproteobacteria) across the Koiliaris watershed by qPCR and associate them with environmental variables. Predictive maps of microorganisms distribution at watershed scale were generated by co-kriging, using the most significant predictors. Our findings showed that 31–79% of the spatial variation in microbial taxa abundance could be explained by the parameters measured, with total organic carbon and pH being identified as the most important. Moreover, strong correlations were set between microbial groups and their inclusion on variance explanation improved the prediction power of the models. The spatial autocorrelation of microbial groups ranged from 309 to 2.226 m, and geographic distance, by itself, could explain a high proportion of their variation. Our findings shed light on the factors shaping microbial communities at a high taxonomic level and provide evidence for ecological coherence and syntrophic interactions at the watershed scale. This study investigates the environmental factors shaping microbial communities at a high taxonomic level and provides evidence for ecological coherence and syntrophic interactions at the watershed scale of Koiliaris Critical Zone Observatory. This study investigates the environmental factors shaping microbial communities at a high taxonomic level and provides evidence for ecological coherence and syntrophic interactions at the watershed scale of Koiliaris Critical Zone Observatory.

ACS Style

Myrto Tsiknia; Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis; Emmanouil A. Varouchakis; Daniel Moraetis; Nikolaos Nikolaidis. Environmental drivers of soil microbial community distribution at the Koiliaris Critical Zone Observatory. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 2014, 90, 139 -152.

AMA Style

Myrto Tsiknia, Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis, Emmanouil A. Varouchakis, Daniel Moraetis, Nikolaos Nikolaidis. Environmental drivers of soil microbial community distribution at the Koiliaris Critical Zone Observatory. FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 2014; 90 (1):139-152.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Myrto Tsiknia; Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis; Emmanouil A. Varouchakis; Daniel Moraetis; Nikolaos Nikolaidis. 2014. "Environmental drivers of soil microbial community distribution at the Koiliaris Critical Zone Observatory." FEMS Microbiology Ecology 90, no. 1: 139-152.

Articles
Published: 03 July 2014 in Compost Science & Utilization
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This work investigates the impact of municipal solid waste compost (MSW-compost) application (0, 50, and 100 t/ha) on the growth, and on nutrient and trace elements content in lettuce and tomato plants grown in large, 40-L pots. Our findings showed inhibition of plants’ growth with increasing dose of MSW-compost, compared to plants receiving conventional fertilization. Growth inhibition was associated with a sharp decrease in soil NO3–N content. On the other hand, a slower decrease in soil NO3–N content occurred in non-planted pots amended with MSW-compost. These findings provide evidence that N immobilization and/or decreased N mineralization were responsible for inhibited growth by constraining N availability. With regard to the other macro-nutrients, K, P, Mg, Ca, and Fe, their contents in leaves of both crops were maintained at optimum levels. Higher zinc and copper content was measured in leaves of both crops but they did not exceed the optimum range for growth. No accumulation of trace elements was found in the fruits. The content of heavy metals in the tissues of plants grown in MSW-compost amended soil, remained at levels similar to those of the non-amended soil, suggesting that they do not pose a significant risk either for plant growth or public health. The findings of our study suggest that further emphasis should be given on the investigation of the factors regulating N mineralization and availability in order to avoid reductions in crop yield.

ACS Style

Georgios V. Giannakis; N. N. Kourgialas; N. V. Paranychianakis; N. P. Nikolaidis; Nicolas Kalogerakis. Effects of Municipal Solid Waste Compost on Soil Properties and Vegetables Growth. Compost Science & Utilization 2014, 22, 116 -131.

AMA Style

Georgios V. Giannakis, N. N. Kourgialas, N. V. Paranychianakis, N. P. Nikolaidis, Nicolas Kalogerakis. Effects of Municipal Solid Waste Compost on Soil Properties and Vegetables Growth. Compost Science & Utilization. 2014; 22 (3):116-131.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Georgios V. Giannakis; N. N. Kourgialas; N. V. Paranychianakis; N. P. Nikolaidis; Nicolas Kalogerakis. 2014. "Effects of Municipal Solid Waste Compost on Soil Properties and Vegetables Growth." Compost Science & Utilization 22, no. 3: 116-131.

Journal article
Published: 04 October 2013 in Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
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This study investigated the cycling of C and N following application of olive mill wastewater (OMW) at various rates (0, 42, 84, and 168 m3/ha). OMW stimulated respiration rate throughout the study period, but an increase in soil organic matter was observed only at the highest rate. Soil phenol content decreased rapidly within 2 weeks following application but neither phenol oxidase and peroxidase activity nor laccase gene copies could explain this response. Soil NH4 +-N content increased in response to OMW application rate, while an opposite trend observed for NO3 −-N, which attributed to immobilization. This decrease was in accordance with amoA gene copies of archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidizers in the first days following OMW application. Afterwards, although amoA gene copies and potential nitrification rates recovered to values similar to or higher than those in the non-treated soils, NO3 −-N content did not change among the treatments. A corresponding increase in denitrifying gene copies (nirK, nirS, nosZ) during that period indicates that denitrification, stimulated by OMW application rate, was responsible for this effect; a hypothesis consistent with the decrease in total Kjeldahl nitrogen content late in the season. The findings suggest that land application of OMW is a promising practice for OMW management, even at rates approaching the soil water holding capacity.

ACS Style

Myrto Tsiknia; Vasileios A. Tzanakakis; Dimitris Oikonomidis; Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis; Nikolaos Nikolaidis. Effects of olive mill wastewater on soil carbon and nitrogen cycling. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 2013, 98, 2739 -2749.

AMA Style

Myrto Tsiknia, Vasileios A. Tzanakakis, Dimitris Oikonomidis, Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis, Nikolaos Nikolaidis. Effects of olive mill wastewater on soil carbon and nitrogen cycling. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2013; 98 (6):2739-2749.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Myrto Tsiknia; Vasileios A. Tzanakakis; Dimitris Oikonomidis; Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis; Nikolaos Nikolaidis. 2013. "Effects of olive mill wastewater on soil carbon and nitrogen cycling." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 98, no. 6: 2739-2749.

Applied microbial and cell physiology
Published: 24 February 2013 in Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
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This study investigated the effect of municipal solid waste (MSW) compost (0, 50, and 100 t/ha) on N cycling and the microorganisms involved in it, in a clay-loam soil. After a release of nitrates (NO3−-N) in the first 6 days after compost incorporation, soil NO3−-N content remained constant in all the treatments until day 62, suggesting N immobilization induced by the soil used in this study. Then, soil NO3−-N content increased in all treatments and especially in the highest compost dose, providing evidence that immobilization effect has been at least partially relieved. amoA gene copies of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) followed the overall pattern of soil NO3−-N content; however, no differences were found in amoA gene copies among treatments, except in the last sampling, an effect attributed to the slight differences in the potential nitrification rate among them. Ammonia oxidizer pattern provided evidence that both groups were involved in ammonia oxidation and changes in their abundance can be used as ‘indicator’ to predict changes in soil nitrification status. Moreover, the strong correlation between AOA and AOB amoA copies (R 2 = 0.94) and the high slope (13) of the curve suggest that AOA had probably an important role on ammonia oxidation. Denitrifying genes (nirS, nirK, nosZ) also followed the general pattern of soil NO3−-N, and they were strongly correlated with both groups of ammonia oxidizers, and particularly AOA, suggesting strong interrelationships among them. Losses of N through denitrification, as they were estimated by total nitrogen, were inversely related to soil NO3−-N content. Similar to ammonia oxidizers, denitrifying gene copies did not differ among compost treatments an effect that could be probably explained by the low availability of organic-C in the MSW compost and hence the competition with aerobic heterotrophs.

ACS Style

N. V. Paranychianakis; M. Tsiknia; Georgios V. Giannakis; Nikolaos Nikolaidis; Nicolas Kalogerakis. Nitrogen cycling and relationships between ammonia oxidizers and denitrifiers in a clay-loam soil. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 2013, 97, 5507 -5515.

AMA Style

N. V. Paranychianakis, M. Tsiknia, Georgios V. Giannakis, Nikolaos Nikolaidis, Nicolas Kalogerakis. Nitrogen cycling and relationships between ammonia oxidizers and denitrifiers in a clay-loam soil. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2013; 97 (12):5507-5515.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N. V. Paranychianakis; M. Tsiknia; Georgios V. Giannakis; Nikolaos Nikolaidis; Nicolas Kalogerakis. 2013. "Nitrogen cycling and relationships between ammonia oxidizers and denitrifiers in a clay-loam soil." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 97, no. 12: 5507-5515.

Journal article
Published: 17 December 2012 in Applied Soil Ecology
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This work investigated the effect of plant species (Eucalyptus camaldulensis vs Arundo donax) on N-turnover during land application of pre-treated municipal wastewater. The study was carried out in 40-L pots under field conditions and revealed strong effects of plant species on N uptake, potential nitrification rate (PNR), and gaseous losses of N. E. camaldulensis accumulated 38% more N in its biomass than A. donax. With regard to the soil N, there was no effect of plant species on total Kjeldahl N content. The lower PNR measured in pots planted with A. donax could not be explained by differences in archaeal or bacterial amoA gene copies; suggesting that plant species affected the activity of nitrifiers.The loads of NH4+-N applied were not found to have delayed the oxidation of NH4+-N, despite the differences in PNR, as indicated by soil solution and soil NH4+-N concentrations in the rhizosphere of the two plant species throughout the period of the study. However, decreased concentrations of NO3−-N were measured in the pots planted with A. donax from the end of June onwards. This finding implies increased losses of N through denitrification and reveals a direct effect of plant species on the activity of denitrifiers since differences in copy numbers of denitrification genes (nirK, nirS, nosZ) were observed only early in the season. Our findings reveal a critical role of plant species on N cycling in terrestrial environments with important implications for the management/restoration of N-polluted areas, such as riparian zones, and for land treatment systems and constructed wetlands.

ACS Style

Myrto Tsiknia; Vasileios A. Tzanakakis; Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis. Insights on the role of vegetation on nitrogen cycling in effluent irrigated lands. Applied Soil Ecology 2012, 64, 104 -111.

AMA Style

Myrto Tsiknia, Vasileios A. Tzanakakis, Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis. Insights on the role of vegetation on nitrogen cycling in effluent irrigated lands. Applied Soil Ecology. 2012; 64 ():104-111.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Myrto Tsiknia; Vasileios A. Tzanakakis; Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis. 2012. "Insights on the role of vegetation on nitrogen cycling in effluent irrigated lands." Applied Soil Ecology 64, no. : 104-111.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2012 in Water
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The objective of this study was to investigate the application of constructed wetlands as a mean to manage olive mill wastewater (OMW). Two free water surface (FWS) constructed wetlands, one without (CW1) and one with effluent recirculation (CW2), were operated for a two-year period with diluted OMW (1:10) and evaluated in terms of the removal of COD, TSS, TKN, NH4+-N, NO3−-N, TP and total phenols. The organic loading rate of CWs was adjusted to 925 kg BOD/ha·d. In CW1 the removal efficiency averaged 80%, 83%, 78%, 80%, and 74% for COD, TSS, TKN, TP, and total phenols, respectively, during the operation period. Effluent recirculation further improved the treatment efficiency which approached 90%, 98%, 87%, 85%, and 87% for COD, TSS, TKN, TP, and total phenols, respectively. Constructed wetlands also showed high removal efficiency for NH4+-N. Nitrate concentration maintained low in both CWs basins, probably due to the prevalence of high denitrification rates that efficiently removed the NO3--N produced by NH4+-N oxidation. Despite the increased removal percentages, pollutant concentration in effluent exceeded the allowable limits for discharge in water bodies, suggesting that additional practices, including enhanced pre-application treatment and/or higher dilution rates, are required to make this practice effective for OMW management.

ACS Style

Iosif E. Kapellakis; Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis; Konstantinos P. Tsagarakis; Andreas N. Angelakis. Treatment of Olive Mill Wastewater with Constructed Wetlands. Water 2012, 4, 260 -271.

AMA Style

Iosif E. Kapellakis, Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis, Konstantinos P. Tsagarakis, Andreas N. Angelakis. Treatment of Olive Mill Wastewater with Constructed Wetlands. Water. 2012; 4 (1):260-271.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iosif E. Kapellakis; Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis; Konstantinos P. Tsagarakis; Andreas N. Angelakis. 2012. "Treatment of Olive Mill Wastewater with Constructed Wetlands." Water 4, no. 1: 260-271.

Journal article
Published: 30 November 2011 in Ecological Engineering
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Four pilot land treatment systems (LTS) planted with different plant species were investigated as a means of managing wastewater in small communities. The effects of effluent application on soil properties during three years of operation are presented. LTS were planted with Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Acacia cyanophylla, Populus nigra and Arundo donax. Wastewater was pre-treated in a septic tank and applied to LTS at suitable rates to meet crop water requirements. Effluent application was found to increase soil organic matter, P and TKN content, particularly, in the topsoil but plant species had no effect on these parameters. Increases were also observed for salinity and sodium adsorption ratio which were found to depend on hydraulic loading. Winter precipitation leached the majority of the salts accumulated during the application period. Nitrates accumulated in the soil profile throughout the application period and this increase was dependent on plant species. LTS planted with A. donax showed the lowest NO3-N concentration in soil pore water, an effect which cannot be explained by differences in application rates or plant uptake. This may imply stimulated denitrification rates induced by the rhizosphere of reeds. Effluent application also increased total and macro porosity compared to their initial values and bulk density.

ACS Style

V.A. Tzanakakis; N.V. Paranychianakis; Paraskevi Londra; A.N. Angelakis. Effluent application to the land: Changes in soil properties and treatment potential. Ecological Engineering 2011, 37, 1757 -1764.

AMA Style

V.A. Tzanakakis, N.V. Paranychianakis, Paraskevi Londra, A.N. Angelakis. Effluent application to the land: Changes in soil properties and treatment potential. Ecological Engineering. 2011; 37 (11):1757-1764.

Chicago/Turabian Style

V.A. Tzanakakis; N.V. Paranychianakis; Paraskevi Londra; A.N. Angelakis. 2011. "Effluent application to the land: Changes in soil properties and treatment potential." Ecological Engineering 37, no. 11: 1757-1764.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2011 in Applied Geochemistry
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Koiliaris River watershed is a Critical Zone Observatory that represents severely degraded soils due to intensive agricultural activities and biophysical factors. It has typical Mediterranean soils under the imminent threat of desertification which is expected to intensify due to projected climate change. High frequency hydro-chemical monitoring with targeted sampling for Rare Earth Elements (REE) analysis of different water bodies and geochemical characterization of soils were used for the identification of hydrologic and geochemical pathways. The high frequency monitoring of water chemical data highlighted the chemical alterations of water in Koiliaris River during flash flood events. Soil physical and chemical characterization surveys were used to identify erodibility patterns within the watershed and the influence of soils on surface and ground water chemistry. The methodology presented can be used to identify the impacts of degraded soils to surface and ground water quality as well as in the design of methods to minimize the impacts of land use practices.

ACS Style

Daniel Moraetis; Fotini Stamati; Manolis Kotronakis; Tasoula Fragia; Nikolaos Paranychianakis; Nikolaos Nikolaidis. Identification of hydrologic and geochemical pathways using high frequency sampling, REE aqueous sampling and soil characterization at Koiliaris Critical Zone Observatory, Crete. Applied Geochemistry 2011, 26, S101 -S104.

AMA Style

Daniel Moraetis, Fotini Stamati, Manolis Kotronakis, Tasoula Fragia, Nikolaos Paranychianakis, Nikolaos Nikolaidis. Identification of hydrologic and geochemical pathways using high frequency sampling, REE aqueous sampling and soil characterization at Koiliaris Critical Zone Observatory, Crete. Applied Geochemistry. 2011; 26 ():S101-S104.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Moraetis; Fotini Stamati; Manolis Kotronakis; Tasoula Fragia; Nikolaos Paranychianakis; Nikolaos Nikolaidis. 2011. "Identification of hydrologic and geochemical pathways using high frequency sampling, REE aqueous sampling and soil characterization at Koiliaris Critical Zone Observatory, Crete." Applied Geochemistry 26, no. : S101-S104.