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Global demand for food is increasing each year, but the area of land suitable for farming is limited. Thus, there is a need to grow not only larger quantities of food but also higher quality food products in the same area. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of rootstock and high-density orchards on cv. Auksis fruit quality. Two rootstocks were selected for this experiment, P 22 super dwarfing and P 60 dwarfing. Apple trees cv. Auksis were planted in the year 2001 in single rows spaced 1.00 m, 0.75 m, and 0.50 m, apart with 3 m between rows. High-density planting and rootstock combination was found to have no significant effect on sugar accumulation and most of the elements in apple fruits. However, super dwarfing P 22 rootstock accumulated significantly higher (up to 45%) content of organic acids and up to 33%–44% lower DPPH free radical scavering activity compared to P 60 dwarfing rootstock. After summarizing the obtained results, apples which accumulated the most antioxidants (according to the activity of phenolic compounds, DPPH• and ABTS•), magnesium, and potassium were collected from cv. Auksis apple trees which was grafted on super dwarfing P 22 rootstock and planted at 3 × 0.75 m distances.
Kristina Laužikė; Nobertas Uselis; Giedrė Samuolienė. The Influence of Rootstock and High-Density Planting on Apple cv. Auksis Fruit Quality. Plants 2021, 10, 1253 .
AMA StyleKristina Laužikė, Nobertas Uselis, Giedrė Samuolienė. The Influence of Rootstock and High-Density Planting on Apple cv. Auksis Fruit Quality. Plants. 2021; 10 (6):1253.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKristina Laužikė; Nobertas Uselis; Giedrė Samuolienė. 2021. "The Influence of Rootstock and High-Density Planting on Apple cv. Auksis Fruit Quality." Plants 10, no. 6: 1253.
The consumption of microgreens has increased due to their having higher levels of bioactive compounds and mineral nutrients than mature plants. The lighting conditions during the cultivation of microgreens, if optimally selected, can have a positive effect by further increasing their nutritional value. Thus, our study aimed to determine the changes in mineral nutrients contents of Brassicaceae microgreens depending on different blue–red (B:R) light ratios in light-emitting diode (LED) lighting and to evaluate their growth and nutritional value according to different indexes. Experiments were performed in controlled environment growth chambers at IH LRCAF, 2020. Microgreens of mustard (Brassica juncea ‘Red Lace’) and kale (Brassica napus ‘Red Russian’) were grown hydroponically under different B:R light ratios: 0%B:100%R, 10%B:90%R, 25%B:75%R, 50%B:50%R, 75%B:25%R, and 100%B:0%R. A 220 μmol m−2 s−1 total photon flux density (TPFD), 18 h photoperiod, 21/17 ± 2 °C temperature and 60% ± 5% relative humidity in the growth chamber were maintained during cultivation. We observed that an increasing percentage of blue light in the LED illumination spectrum during growth was associated with reduced elongation in the microgreens of both species and had a positive effect on the accumulation of mostly macro- and micronutrients. However, different B:R light ratios indicate a species-dependent response to changes in growth parameters such as leaf area, fresh and dry mass, and optical leaf indexes such as for chlorophyll, flavonol, anthocyanin, and carotenoid reflectance.
Aušra Brazaitytė; Jurga Miliauskienė; Viktorija Vaštakaitė-Kairienė; Rūta Sutulienė; Kristina Laužikė; Pavelas Duchovskis; Stanisław Małek. Effect of Different Ratios of Blue and Red LED Light on Brassicaceae Microgreens under a Controlled Environment. Plants 2021, 10, 801 .
AMA StyleAušra Brazaitytė, Jurga Miliauskienė, Viktorija Vaštakaitė-Kairienė, Rūta Sutulienė, Kristina Laužikė, Pavelas Duchovskis, Stanisław Małek. Effect of Different Ratios of Blue and Red LED Light on Brassicaceae Microgreens under a Controlled Environment. Plants. 2021; 10 (4):801.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAušra Brazaitytė; Jurga Miliauskienė; Viktorija Vaštakaitė-Kairienė; Rūta Sutulienė; Kristina Laužikė; Pavelas Duchovskis; Stanisław Małek. 2021. "Effect of Different Ratios of Blue and Red LED Light on Brassicaceae Microgreens under a Controlled Environment." Plants 10, no. 4: 801.
With the growing demand for quality food in the world, there is a new ambition to produce high-quality apples seeking reduced cultivation costs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of agrotechnological tools on the quality of cv. Rubin apples during the harvest. The apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.) cv. Rubin was grafted on dwarfing rootstocks P60, planted in single rows spaced 1.25 m between trees and 3.5 m between rows. Six agrotechnological tools were used—hand pruning, mechanical pruning, trunk incision, calcium-prohexadione, summer pruning and mechanical pruning one side, changing sides annually. The agrotechnical tools had no significant effect on accumulation of most sugars and elements, malic, folic and succinic acids in the fruits. Mechanical pruning resulted in significant accumulation of phenolic compounds, antioxidants, ascorbic acid, but reduced the amount of glucose compared to hand pruning. However, the trunk incision or spraying with ca-prohexadione together with mechanical pruning had no significant effect on sugar content but resulted in significantly higher amounts of phenols, antioxidants, ascorbic acid, Fe and Mn and reduced starch and citric acid.
Kristina Laužikė; Nobertas Uselis; Giedrė Samuolienė. The Influence of Agrotechnological Tools on cv. Rubin Apples Quality. Agronomy 2021, 11, 463 .
AMA StyleKristina Laužikė, Nobertas Uselis, Giedrė Samuolienė. The Influence of Agrotechnological Tools on cv. Rubin Apples Quality. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (3):463.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKristina Laužikė; Nobertas Uselis; Giedrė Samuolienė. 2021. "The Influence of Agrotechnological Tools on cv. Rubin Apples Quality." Agronomy 11, no. 3: 463.
One of the most important factors affecting photosynthesis and metabolism is light absorbance by leaves and penetration through the canopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of planting density and tree development stages on photosynthetic activity, photosynthetic pigments, and carbohydrates in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees in a combined way. The apple tree, Auksis, was grafted on dwarfing rootstock P 22. Space between rows was 3 m, trees were planted in 2001 in four distances: 0.25 m, 0.50 m, 0.75 m, and 1.00 m. Measurements and leaf samples were taken in the end of May (leaves fully expanded BBCH 20–25), in the middle of July (beginning of apple maturity BBCH 73–75) and at the end of August (harvest time BBCH 87–88) according BBCH—growth stages. Photosynthetic rate was significantly the lowest in the spring and tended to rise until fruit ripening, when it increased up to 19.4% compared to spring. Significantly the highest chlorophyll b and carotene α and β contents were found at the BBCH 73–75. The lowest levels of fructose and sorbitol in leaves were found at BBCH 73–75. The amount of starch accumulated in the leaves increased three times in summer compared to spring. Reduced distance between trees to four times (from 1 m to 0.25 m) showed clear competitive stress, as the decrease of photosynthetic rate (up to 36.4–38.6%) and total starch (up to 37–53%) was observed. The photosynthetic behaviour of apple trees was significantly affected by the development stage during the particular season which is related with physiological changes of metabolites transport and their distribution during fruit ripening and leaf senescence.
Kristina Laužikė; Nobertas Uselis; Darius Kviklys; Giedrė Samuolienė. Orchard Planting Density and Tree Development Stage Affects Physiological Processes of Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) Tree. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1912 .
AMA StyleKristina Laužikė, Nobertas Uselis, Darius Kviklys, Giedrė Samuolienė. Orchard Planting Density and Tree Development Stage Affects Physiological Processes of Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) Tree. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (12):1912.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKristina Laužikė; Nobertas Uselis; Darius Kviklys; Giedrė Samuolienė. 2020. "Orchard Planting Density and Tree Development Stage Affects Physiological Processes of Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) Tree." Agronomy 10, no. 12: 1912.
In this study, we sought to evaluate and compare the effects of constant and dynamic lighting on red and green leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. Red Cos and Lobjoits Green cos) cultivated in a controlled environment. Plants were illuminated with the combination of red 662 and 638 nm, blue 452 nm, and far-red 737 nm at 16 h photoperiod and constant daily light integral (DLI) of each component. Five constant or dynamic lighting treatments were performed: (BR) constant flux of both B452 and R662; (B*R) constant flux of R662, but the DLI of B452 condensed in 8 h in the middle of photoperiod doubling the PPFD of blue light; (BR*) constant flux of B452, but the DLI of R662 light condensed in the middle of photoperiod; (BdynR) constant flux of R662, but the flux of B452 varies in the sinusoidal profile during 16 h photoperiod, imitating diurnal increase and decrease in lighting intensity; and (BRdyn) constant flux of B452, but the flux of R662 varies in sinusoidal profile. The lettuce’s response to dynamic lighting strategies was cultivar specific. Dynamic lighting strategies, mimicking natural lighting fluctuations, did not have a remarkable effect on photosynthesis and antioxidative parameters, but the dynamic flux of blue light component had a pronounced effect on higher macro and microelement contents in lettuce leaves.
Akvilė Viršilė; Jurga Miliauskienė; Perttu Juhani Haimi; Kristina Laužikė; Giedrė Samuolienė. The Comparison of Constant and Dynamic Red and Blue Light Irradiation Effects on Red and Green Leaf Lettuce. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1802 .
AMA StyleAkvilė Viršilė, Jurga Miliauskienė, Perttu Juhani Haimi, Kristina Laužikė, Giedrė Samuolienė. The Comparison of Constant and Dynamic Red and Blue Light Irradiation Effects on Red and Green Leaf Lettuce. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (11):1802.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAkvilė Viršilė; Jurga Miliauskienė; Perttu Juhani Haimi; Kristina Laužikė; Giedrė Samuolienė. 2020. "The Comparison of Constant and Dynamic Red and Blue Light Irradiation Effects on Red and Green Leaf Lettuce." Agronomy 10, no. 11: 1802.
The aim was to find out the impact of stress, caused by agrotechnological tools on photosynthetic behaviour of apple trees. The apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivar Rubin was grafted on dwarfing rootstocks P60, planted in single rows spaced 1.25 m apart with 3.5 m between rows. In contrast to plant senescing reflectance index and nitrogen balance index, the photochemical reflectance index was significantly higher in 2018 compared with 2017. Such differences might be caused by drought stress on the summer and fast recovery before harvest time when measurements were made. The movement of nutrients and water disrupted by trunk incision had significantly negative effect on reflectance indices regardless on the year. Mechanical pruning with trunk incision and calcium-prohexadione lead to decreased dry to fresh weight ratio by 10–12% in first year of treatment. Mechanical pruning had significantly negative impact on photosynthetic rate, compared to pruning by super spindle it decreased 47%. Strong positive correlation between PRI and NBI 0,89–0,94, and strong negative correlations between PRI, NBI and PSRI −0.88 – (−0.91) were determined.
Kristina Laužikė; Vaida Sirgedaitė-Šėžienė; Nobertas Uselis; Giedrė Samuolienė. The Impact of Stress Caused By Light Penetration and Agrotechnological Tools on Photosynthetic Behavior of Apple Trees. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -9.
AMA StyleKristina Laužikė, Vaida Sirgedaitė-Šėžienė, Nobertas Uselis, Giedrė Samuolienė. The Impact of Stress Caused By Light Penetration and Agrotechnological Tools on Photosynthetic Behavior of Apple Trees. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKristina Laužikė; Vaida Sirgedaitė-Šėžienė; Nobertas Uselis; Giedrė Samuolienė. 2020. "The Impact of Stress Caused By Light Penetration and Agrotechnological Tools on Photosynthetic Behavior of Apple Trees." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-9.
The objective of this study was to evaluate how different UV-A wavelengths influence the morphology and photosynthetic behavior of red-leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Maiko). In the experiments, the main photosynthetic photon flux consisted of red (R) and blue (B) light, supplemented with equal doses of different UV-A wavelengths (402, 387 and 367 nm). Treating the crops with low dosages of specific narrow-band UV-A radiation at key points in the life cycle initiated a cascade of responses in the above-ground biomass. According to the results, red-leaf lettuces acclimated to longer UV-A wavelengths by increasing biomass production, whereas different UV-A wavelengths had no significant effect on plant senescence reflectance, nor on the normalized difference vegetation index. A significant decrease in the maximum quantum yield of the PSII photochemistry of dark (Fv/Fm) and light (ΦPSII) adapted plants was observed. A lack of significant changes in non-photochemical fluorescence quenching indicates that photo-inhibition occurred under RBUV367, whereas the photosynthetic response under RB, RBUV402, and RBUV387 suggests that there was no damage to PSII. The correlation of the photosynthetic rate (Pr) with the stomatal conductance (gs) indicated that the increase in the Pr of lettuce under supplemental UV-A radiation was due to the increase of gs, instead of the ratio of the intracellular to ambient CO2 content (Ci/Ca) or stomatal limitations.
Giedrė Samuolienė; Akvilė Viršilė; Jurga Miliauskienė; Perttu Haimi; Kristina Laužikė; Julė Jankauskienė; Algirdas Novičkovas; Asta Kupčinskienė; Aušra Brazaitytė. The Photosynthetic Performance of Red Leaf Lettuce under UV-A Irradiation. Agronomy 2020, 10, 761 .
AMA StyleGiedrė Samuolienė, Akvilė Viršilė, Jurga Miliauskienė, Perttu Haimi, Kristina Laužikė, Julė Jankauskienė, Algirdas Novičkovas, Asta Kupčinskienė, Aušra Brazaitytė. The Photosynthetic Performance of Red Leaf Lettuce under UV-A Irradiation. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (6):761.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiedrė Samuolienė; Akvilė Viršilė; Jurga Miliauskienė; Perttu Haimi; Kristina Laužikė; Julė Jankauskienė; Algirdas Novičkovas; Asta Kupčinskienė; Aušra Brazaitytė. 2020. "The Photosynthetic Performance of Red Leaf Lettuce under UV-A Irradiation." Agronomy 10, no. 6: 761.
In this study we explore the effects of multi-colour LED lighting spectrum on nutritive primary metabolites in green (‘Lobjoits green cos’) and red (‘Red cos’) leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), cultivated in controlled environment. The basal lighting, consisting of blue 455 nm, red 627 and 660 nm and far red 735 nm LEDs, was supplemented with UV-A 380 nm, green 510 nm, yellow 595 nm or orange 622 nm LED wavelengths at total photosynthetic photon flux density of 300 μmol m−2 s−1. Supplemental lighting colours did not affect lettuce growth; however had distinct impact on nitrite, amino acid, organic acid, and soluble sugar contents. Orange, green and UV-A light had differential effects on red and green leaf lettuce metabolism and interplay with nutritional value and safety of lettuce production. The metabolic response was cultivar specific; however green light had reasonable impact on the contents of nutritive primary metabolites in red and green leaf lettuce.
Akvilė Viršilė; Aušra Brazaitytė; Viktorija Vaštakaitė-Kairienė; Jurga Miliauskienė; Julė Jankauskienė; Algirdas Novičkovas; Kristina Laužikė; Giedrė Samuolienė. The distinct impact of multi-color LED light on nitrate, amino acid, soluble sugar and organic acid contents in red and green leaf lettuce cultivated in controlled environment. Food Chemistry 2019, 310, 125799 .
AMA StyleAkvilė Viršilė, Aušra Brazaitytė, Viktorija Vaštakaitė-Kairienė, Jurga Miliauskienė, Julė Jankauskienė, Algirdas Novičkovas, Kristina Laužikė, Giedrė Samuolienė. The distinct impact of multi-color LED light on nitrate, amino acid, soluble sugar and organic acid contents in red and green leaf lettuce cultivated in controlled environment. Food Chemistry. 2019; 310 ():125799.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAkvilė Viršilė; Aušra Brazaitytė; Viktorija Vaštakaitė-Kairienė; Jurga Miliauskienė; Julė Jankauskienė; Algirdas Novičkovas; Kristina Laužikė; Giedrė Samuolienė. 2019. "The distinct impact of multi-color LED light on nitrate, amino acid, soluble sugar and organic acid contents in red and green leaf lettuce cultivated in controlled environment." Food Chemistry 310, no. : 125799.