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This research was designed to investigate the metabolite profiling, phenolics and flavonoids content and the potential antioxidant, antibacterial and nematicidal activities of “yellow-brown resins” from Larrea divaricata Cav (LdRe) and L. nitida Cav (LnRe). Metabolite profiling was obtained using an ultrahigh resolution liquid chromatography orbitrap MS analysis (UHPLC-ESI-OT-MS). The antioxidant properties were screened by four methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH), trolox equivalent antioxidant activity assay (TEAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes (LP). The antibacterial activity was evaluated according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. In addition, the potential combinatory effect was analyzed with the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values using the checkerboard design. The nematicidal activity was carried out according to a standardized protocol. LdRe and LnRe showed a strong capture of the DPPH radical withvalues around 8.4 µg resin/mL; FRAP (1.69–1.94 mgTE/ g resin), TEAC (1.08–1.09 mgTE/g resin) and LP (81–82% at 100 µg of resin/mL) assays. A strong antimicrobial activity was displayed by both resins against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923(MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC 43300(MRSA) (MICs = 16–32 µg resin/mL). Additionally, the combination of LdRe or LnRe with the antibiotic cefotaxime showed an indifferent effect (FICI values = 1–1.25), however, this combinationcould be a potential strategy to reduce the drug doses, and in this way can be a potential alternative to reduce bacterial resistance. On the other hand, the resins showed a scarce nematicidal potential toward J2 Meloidogyne incognita; an important nematode infecting horticultural crops. Phenolics compounds were identified by UHPLC-PDA-OT-MS analysis, updating the knowledge on the chemical profile of these species. These results, together with the high content of quantified phenolics and flavonoids, allow the phenolics-enriched resins of these two Larrea species to be considered as a promising sustainable source of compounds of pharmacological interest.
Jessica Gómez; Mario Simirgiotis; Sofía Manrique; Mauricio Piñeiro; Beatriz Lima; Jorge Bórquez; Gabriela Feresin; Alejandro Tapia. UHPLC-ESI-OT-MS Phenolics Profiling, Free Radical Scavenging, Antibacterial and Nematicidal Activities of “Yellow-Brown Resins” from Larrea spp. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 185 .
AMA StyleJessica Gómez, Mario Simirgiotis, Sofía Manrique, Mauricio Piñeiro, Beatriz Lima, Jorge Bórquez, Gabriela Feresin, Alejandro Tapia. UHPLC-ESI-OT-MS Phenolics Profiling, Free Radical Scavenging, Antibacterial and Nematicidal Activities of “Yellow-Brown Resins” from Larrea spp. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (2):185.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJessica Gómez; Mario Simirgiotis; Sofía Manrique; Mauricio Piñeiro; Beatriz Lima; Jorge Bórquez; Gabriela Feresin; Alejandro Tapia. 2021. "UHPLC-ESI-OT-MS Phenolics Profiling, Free Radical Scavenging, Antibacterial and Nematicidal Activities of “Yellow-Brown Resins” from Larrea spp." Antioxidants 10, no. 2: 185.
Pathogenic bacteria have the ability to develop antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Their action consists mainly in the production of bacterial enzymes that inactivate antibiotics or the appearance of modifications that prevent the arrival of the drug at the target point or the alteration of the target point itself, becoming a growing problem for health systems. Chitosan–gold nanoparticles (Cs-AuNPs) have been shown as effective bactericidal materials avoiding damage to human cells. In this work, Cs-AuNPs were synthesized using chitosan as the reducing agent, and a systematic analysis of the influence of the synthesis parameters on the size and zeta potential of the Cs-AuNPs and their UV-vis spectra was carried out. We used a simulation model to characterize the interaction of chitosan with bacterial membranes, using a symmetric charged bilayer and two different chitosan models with different degrees of the chitosan amine protonation as a function of pH, with the aim to elucidate the antibacterial mechanism involving the cell wall disruption. The Cs-AuNP antibacterial activity was evaluated to check the simulation model.
M. G. Fuster; M. G. Montalbán; G. Carissimi; B. Lima; G. E. Feresin; M. Cano; J. J. Giner-Casares; J. J. López-Cascales; R. D. Enriz; G. Víllora. Antibacterial Effect of Chitosan–Gold Nanoparticles and Computational Modeling of the Interaction between Chitosan and a Lipid Bilayer Model. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 2340 .
AMA StyleM. G. Fuster, M. G. Montalbán, G. Carissimi, B. Lima, G. E. Feresin, M. Cano, J. J. Giner-Casares, J. J. López-Cascales, R. D. Enriz, G. Víllora. Antibacterial Effect of Chitosan–Gold Nanoparticles and Computational Modeling of the Interaction between Chitosan and a Lipid Bilayer Model. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10 (12):2340.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. G. Fuster; M. G. Montalbán; G. Carissimi; B. Lima; G. E. Feresin; M. Cano; J. J. Giner-Casares; J. J. López-Cascales; R. D. Enriz; G. Víllora. 2020. "Antibacterial Effect of Chitosan–Gold Nanoparticles and Computational Modeling of the Interaction between Chitosan and a Lipid Bilayer Model." Nanomaterials 10, no. 12: 2340.
This research was designed to investigate the metabolite profiling, phenolics, and flavonoids content as well as the potential antioxidant and antibacterial, properties of orange-yellow resin from Zuccagnia punctata Cav (ZpRe). Metabolite profiling was obtained by a ultrahigh resolution liquid chromatography orbitrap MS analysis (UHPLC-ESI-OT-MS-MS). The antioxidant properties were screened by four methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH), trolox equivalent antioxidant activity assay (TEAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes (LP)). The antibacterial activity was evaluated according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) rules. The resin displayed a strong DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 25.72 µg/mL) and showed a percentage of inhibition of LP close to that of the reference compound catechin (70% at 100 µg ZpRe/mL), while a moderated effect was observed in the FRAP and TEAC assays. The resin showed a content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds of 391 mg GAE/g and 313 mg EQ/g respectively. Fifty phenolics compounds were identified by ultrahigh resolution liquid chromatography orbitrap MS analysis (UHPLC-PDA-OT-MS) analysis. Thirty-one compounds are reported for the first time, updating the knowledge on the chemical profile of this species. The importance of the biomolecules identified support traditional use of this endemic plant. Furthermore, additional pharmacological data is presented that increase the potential interest of this plant for industrial sustainable applications.
Jessica Gómez; Mario J. Simirgiotis; Sofía Manrique; Beatriz Lima; Jorge Bórquez; Gabriela E. Feresin; Alejandro Tapia. UHPLC-HESI-OT-MS-MS Biomolecules Profiling, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of the “Orange-Yellow Resin” from Zuccagnia punctata Cav. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 123 .
AMA StyleJessica Gómez, Mario J. Simirgiotis, Sofía Manrique, Beatriz Lima, Jorge Bórquez, Gabriela E. Feresin, Alejandro Tapia. UHPLC-HESI-OT-MS-MS Biomolecules Profiling, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of the “Orange-Yellow Resin” from Zuccagnia punctata Cav. Antioxidants. 2020; 9 (2):123.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJessica Gómez; Mario J. Simirgiotis; Sofía Manrique; Beatriz Lima; Jorge Bórquez; Gabriela E. Feresin; Alejandro Tapia. 2020. "UHPLC-HESI-OT-MS-MS Biomolecules Profiling, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of the “Orange-Yellow Resin” from Zuccagnia punctata Cav." Antioxidants 9, no. 2: 123.
The decoction of Tessaria absinthioides is used in traditional medicine of South America as hypocholesterolemic, balsamic, and expectorant; but it is also useful for the prevention of hepatitis, renal insufficiency, and diabetes, and is used as digestive. A lyophilized decoction from the aerial parts of this plant (TLD) collected in San Juan (TLDSJ) and Mendoza (TLDM) provinces (Argentina) and one collection from Antofagasta, Chile (TLDCH) were characterized regarding antioxidant and antibacterial activities, phenolics and flavonoids content, and ultrahigh resolution liquid chromatography Orbitrap MS analysis UHPLC–PDA–OT-MS/MS metabolite profiling. The antioxidant properties were carried out "in vitro" using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and trolox equivalent antioxidant activity (TEAC) methods, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and lipoperoxidation in erythrocytes (LP). The antibacterial activity was evaluated following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) rules. TLDSJ, TLDM, and TLDCH displayed a strong DPPH scavenging activity (EC50 = 42, 41.6, and 43 µg/mL, respectively) and inhibition of lipoperoxidation in erythrocytes (86–88% at 250 µg TLD/mL), while a less effect in the FRAP and TEACantioxidant assays was found. Additionally, the decoctions showed a content of phenolics compounds of 94 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g, 185 GAE/g, and 64 GAE/g, for TLDSJ, TLDM, and TLDCH samples, respectively. Regarding the flavonoid content, the Chilean sample was highlighted with 19 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g. In this work, several phenolic compounds, including sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, were rapidly identified in TLDSJ, TLDM, and TLDCH extracts by means UHPLC–PDA–OT-MS/MS for the first time, which gave a first scientific support to consider this medicinal decoction from both countries as a valuable source of metabolites with antioxidant effects, some with outstanding potential to improve human health.
Jessica Gómez; Mario J. Simirgiotis; Beatriz Lima; Carlos Gamarra-Luques; Jorge Bórquez; Duilio Caballero; Gabriela Egly Feresin; Alejandro Tapia. UHPLC–Q/Orbitrap/MS/MS Fingerprinting, Free Radical Scavenging, and Antimicrobial Activity of Tessaria absinthiodes (Hook. & Arn.) DC. (Asteraceae) Lyophilized Decoction from Argentina and Chile. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 593 .
AMA StyleJessica Gómez, Mario J. Simirgiotis, Beatriz Lima, Carlos Gamarra-Luques, Jorge Bórquez, Duilio Caballero, Gabriela Egly Feresin, Alejandro Tapia. UHPLC–Q/Orbitrap/MS/MS Fingerprinting, Free Radical Scavenging, and Antimicrobial Activity of Tessaria absinthiodes (Hook. & Arn.) DC. (Asteraceae) Lyophilized Decoction from Argentina and Chile. Antioxidants. 2019; 8 (12):593.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJessica Gómez; Mario J. Simirgiotis; Beatriz Lima; Carlos Gamarra-Luques; Jorge Bórquez; Duilio Caballero; Gabriela Egly Feresin; Alejandro Tapia. 2019. "UHPLC–Q/Orbitrap/MS/MS Fingerprinting, Free Radical Scavenging, and Antimicrobial Activity of Tessaria absinthiodes (Hook. & Arn.) DC. (Asteraceae) Lyophilized Decoction from Argentina and Chile." Antioxidants 8, no. 12: 593.
The decoction of the local plant Baccharis grisebachii is used as a digestive, gastroprotective, external cicatrizing agent and antiseptic in Argentine. A lyophilized decoction (BLD) from the aerial parts of this plant was evaluated regarding its anti-ulcer, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities and the bioactivities were supported by UHPLC-MS metabolome fingerprinting which revealed the presence of several small bioactive compounds. The antioxidant properties were evaluated by DPPH, TEAC, FRAP and lipoperoxidation inhibition in erythrocytes methods, and the antibacterial activity was evaluated according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The BLD showed a moderate free radical scavenging activity in the DPPH (EC50 = 106 µg/mL) and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes assays (67%, at 250 µg/mL). However, the BLD had the highest gastroprotective effect at a dose of 750 mg/kg with a ninety-three percent inhibition of damage through a mechanism that involve NO and prostaglandins using the ethanol-induced gastric damage in a standard rat model. On the other hand, BLD does not induce cytotoxic changes on human tumor and no-tumor cell lines at the concentrations assayed. Regarding the metabolomic analysis, thirty-one compounds were detected and 30 identified based on UHPLC-OT-MS including twelve flavonoids, eleven cinnamic acid derivatives, one coumarin, one stilbene and two other different phenolic compounds. The results support that the medicinal decoction of Baccharis grisebachii is a valuable natural product with gastroprotective effects and with potential to improve human health that opens a pathway for the development of important phytomedicine products.
Jessica Gómez; Mario J. Simirgiotis; Beatriz Lima; Jésica D. Paredes; Carlos M. Villegas Gabutti; Carlos Gamarra-Luques; Jorge Bórquez; Lorena Luna; Graciela H. Wendel; Alejandra O. Maria; Gabriela E. Feresin; Alejandro Tapia. Antioxidant, Gastroprotective, Cytotoxic Activities and UHPLC PDA-Q Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry Identification of Metabolites in Baccharis grisebachii Decoction. Molecules 2019, 24, 1085 .
AMA StyleJessica Gómez, Mario J. Simirgiotis, Beatriz Lima, Jésica D. Paredes, Carlos M. Villegas Gabutti, Carlos Gamarra-Luques, Jorge Bórquez, Lorena Luna, Graciela H. Wendel, Alejandra O. Maria, Gabriela E. Feresin, Alejandro Tapia. Antioxidant, Gastroprotective, Cytotoxic Activities and UHPLC PDA-Q Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry Identification of Metabolites in Baccharis grisebachii Decoction. Molecules. 2019; 24 (6):1085.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJessica Gómez; Mario J. Simirgiotis; Beatriz Lima; Jésica D. Paredes; Carlos M. Villegas Gabutti; Carlos Gamarra-Luques; Jorge Bórquez; Lorena Luna; Graciela H. Wendel; Alejandra O. Maria; Gabriela E. Feresin; Alejandro Tapia. 2019. "Antioxidant, Gastroprotective, Cytotoxic Activities and UHPLC PDA-Q Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry Identification of Metabolites in Baccharis grisebachii Decoction." Molecules 24, no. 6: 1085.
Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer, commonly known as “arachichú”, “araticú”, “aratigú”, and “yerba mora”, is a plant that grows in Argentina. Infusions and decoctions are used in folk medicine as a gargle against throat pain and for calming toothache; another way to use the plant for these purposes is chewing its leaves. Extracts from bark, flowers, leaves, and fruits from A. emarginata were subjected to antibacterial assays against a panel of Gram (+) and Gram (−) pathogenic bacteria according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocols. Extracts from the stem bark and leaves showed moderate activity against the bacteria tested with values between 250–1000 µg/mL. Regarding flower extracts, less polar extracts (hexane, dichloromethane) showed very strong antibacterial activity against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC 43300 with values between 16–125 µg/mL. Additionally, hexane extract showed activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC = 250 µg/mL). The global methanolic extract of the fruits (MeOHGEF) was also active against the three strains mentioned above, with MICs values 250–500 µg/mL. Bioassay-guided fractionation of MeOHGEF led to the isolation of a new main compound—(R)-2-(4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)propan-2-yl (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylate (1). The structure and relative configurations have been determined by means of 1D and 2D NMR techniques, including COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY correlations. Compound 1 showed strong antimicrobial activity against all Gram (+) species tested (MICs = 3.12–6.25 µg/mL). In addition, the synthesis and antibacterial activity of some compounds structurally related to compound 1 (including four new compounds) are reported. A SAR study for these compounds was performed based on the results obtained by using molecular calculations.
Juan G. Dolab; Beatriz Lima; Ewelina Spaczynska; Jiri Kos; Natividad H. Cano; Gabriela Feresin; Alejandro Tapia; Francisco Garibotto; Elisa Petenatti; Monica Olivella; Robert Musiol; Josef Jampilek; Ricardo D. Enriz. The Antimicrobial Activity of Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer and Most Active Isolated Compounds against Clinically Important Bacteria. Molecules 2018, 23, 1187 .
AMA StyleJuan G. Dolab, Beatriz Lima, Ewelina Spaczynska, Jiri Kos, Natividad H. Cano, Gabriela Feresin, Alejandro Tapia, Francisco Garibotto, Elisa Petenatti, Monica Olivella, Robert Musiol, Josef Jampilek, Ricardo D. Enriz. The Antimicrobial Activity of Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer and Most Active Isolated Compounds against Clinically Important Bacteria. Molecules. 2018; 23 (5):1187.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan G. Dolab; Beatriz Lima; Ewelina Spaczynska; Jiri Kos; Natividad H. Cano; Gabriela Feresin; Alejandro Tapia; Francisco Garibotto; Elisa Petenatti; Monica Olivella; Robert Musiol; Josef Jampilek; Ricardo D. Enriz. 2018. "The Antimicrobial Activity of Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer and Most Active Isolated Compounds against Clinically Important Bacteria." Molecules 23, no. 5: 1187.
The seriated extracts of petroleum ether (PE-E), dichloromethane (DCM-E) and methanol extracts (MeOH-E) from the aerial parts of the native South American plant Tetraglochin ameghinoi (Rosaceae), were evaluated regarding their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The antioxidant properties were evaluated by free radical scavenging methods (DPPH and TEAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and lipoperoxidation in erythrocytes (LP), while the antibacterial activity was performed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The chemical and biological analyses of this plant are very important since this bush is currently used in traditional medicine as a cholagogue and digestive. The polar MeOH-E showed the highest antioxidant activities (17.70 µg/mL in the DPPH assay, 381.43 ± 22.38 mM TE/g extract in the FRAP assay, 387.76 ± 91.93 mg TE/g extract in the TEAC assay and 93.23 + 6.77% in the LP assay) and it was selected for chromatographic isolation of its components. These components were found to be four acetophenones, including the new phloracetophenone glucoside: 4',6',-dihydroxy-2'-O-(6″-acetyl)-β-d-glucopyranosylacetophenone or IUPAC name: (6-(2-acetyl-3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl acetate, whose structure was elucidated by NMR and MS methods. In addition, twenty-six compounds, including five of these acetophenone derivatives, two sugars, six flavonoids, eleven phenolic acids and two triterpenes, were identified based on UHPLC-OT-MS and PDA analysis on the MeOH-E. The results support the medicinal use of the plant.
Lorena Luna; Mario J. Simirgiotis; Beatriz Lima; Jorge Bórquez; Gabriela E. Feresin; Alejandro Tapia. UHPLC-MS Metabolome Fingerprinting: The Isolation of Main Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of the Andean Species Tetraglochin ameghinoi (Speg.) Speg. Molecules 2018, 23, 793 .
AMA StyleLorena Luna, Mario J. Simirgiotis, Beatriz Lima, Jorge Bórquez, Gabriela E. Feresin, Alejandro Tapia. UHPLC-MS Metabolome Fingerprinting: The Isolation of Main Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of the Andean Species Tetraglochin ameghinoi (Speg.) Speg. Molecules. 2018; 23 (4):793.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLorena Luna; Mario J. Simirgiotis; Beatriz Lima; Jorge Bórquez; Gabriela E. Feresin; Alejandro Tapia. 2018. "UHPLC-MS Metabolome Fingerprinting: The Isolation of Main Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of the Andean Species Tetraglochin ameghinoi (Speg.) Speg." Molecules 23, no. 4: 793.
The emergence of old and new antibiotic resistance created in the last decades revealed a substantial medical need for new classes of antimicrobial agents. The antimicrobial activity of sulfa drugs is often enhanced by complexation with metal ions, which is in concordance with the well-known importance of metal ions in biological systems. Besides, sulfonamides and its derivatives constitute an important class of drugs, with several types of pharmacological agents possessing antibacterial, anti-carbonic anhydrase, diuretic, hypoglycemic, antithyroid, antiviral and anticancer activities, among others. The purpose of this work has been the obtainment, characterization and determination of biological properties (antibacterial, antifungal, mutagenicity and phytotoxicity) of a new Co(III)-sulfathiazole complex: Costz, besides of its interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The reaction between sodium sulfathiazole (Nastz) and cobalt(II) chloride in the presence of HO leads to a brown solid, [Co(stz)OH(HO)], (Costz). The structure of this compound has been examined by means of elemental analyses, FT-IR, H NMR, UV-Visible spectrometric methods and thermal studies. The Co(III) ion, which exhibits a distorted octahedral environment, could coordinate with the N thiazolic atom of sulfathiazolate. The complex quenched partially the native fluorescence of bovine serum albumin (BSA), suggesting a specific interaction with the protein. The Costz complex showed, in vitro, a moderate antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus and A. flavus. As antibacterial, Costz displayed, in vitro, enhanced activity respective to the ligand against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Costz did not show mutagenic properties with the Ames test. In the Allium cepa test the complex showed cytotoxic properties but not genotoxic ones. These results may be auspicious, however, further biological studies are needed to consider the complex Costz as a possible drug in the future.
Ana Pontoriero; Natalia Mosconi; Laura Monti; Sebastián Bellú; Patricia A.M. Williams; Marcela Raimondi; Beatriz Lima; Gabriela Egly Feresin; Bibiana Nerli; Marcela Rizzotto. Synthesis, characterization and biological studies of a cobalt(III) complex of sulfathiazole. Chemico-Biological Interactions 2017, 278, 152 -161.
AMA StyleAna Pontoriero, Natalia Mosconi, Laura Monti, Sebastián Bellú, Patricia A.M. Williams, Marcela Raimondi, Beatriz Lima, Gabriela Egly Feresin, Bibiana Nerli, Marcela Rizzotto. Synthesis, characterization and biological studies of a cobalt(III) complex of sulfathiazole. Chemico-Biological Interactions. 2017; 278 ():152-161.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Pontoriero; Natalia Mosconi; Laura Monti; Sebastián Bellú; Patricia A.M. Williams; Marcela Raimondi; Beatriz Lima; Gabriela Egly Feresin; Bibiana Nerli; Marcela Rizzotto. 2017. "Synthesis, characterization and biological studies of a cobalt(III) complex of sulfathiazole." Chemico-Biological Interactions 278, no. : 152-161.
Propolis is commercialized in Chile as an antimicrobial agent. It is obtained mainly from central and southern Chile, but is used for the same purposes regardless of its origin. To compare the antimicrobial effect, the total phenolic (TP), the total flavonoid (TF) content and the phenolic composition, 19 samples were collected in the main production centers in the Región del Maule, Chile. Samples were extracted with MeOH and assessed for antimicrobial activity against Gram (+) and Gram (−) bacteria. TP and TF content, antioxidant activity by the DPPH, FRAP and TEAC methods were also determined. Sample composition was assessed by HPLD-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Differential compounds in the samples were isolated and characterized. The antimicrobial effect of the samples showed MICs ranging from 31.5 to > 1000 µg/mL. Propolis from the central valley was more effective as antibacterial than those from the coastal area or Andean slopes. The samples considered of interest (MIC ≤ 62.5 µg/mL) showed effect on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Salmonella enteritidis. Two new diarylheptanoids, a diterpene, the flavonoids pinocembrin and chrysin were isolated and elucidated by spectroscopic and spectrometric means. Some 29 compounds were dereplicated by HPLC-MS and tentatively identified, including nine flavones/flavonol derivatives, one flavanone, eight dihydroflavonols and nine phenyl-propanoids. Propolis from the Región del Maule showed large variation in antimicrobial effect, antioxidant activity and composition. So far the presence of diarylheptanoids in samples from the coastal area of central Chile can be considered as a marker of a new type of propolis.
Nélida Nina; Cristina Quispe; Felipe Jiménez-Aspee; Cristina Theoduloz; Gabriela Egly Feresín; Beatriz Lima; Elba Leiva; Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann. Antibacterial Activity, Antioxidant Effect and Chemical Composition of Propolis from the Región del Maule, Central Chile. Molecules 2015, 20, 18144 -18167.
AMA StyleNélida Nina, Cristina Quispe, Felipe Jiménez-Aspee, Cristina Theoduloz, Gabriela Egly Feresín, Beatriz Lima, Elba Leiva, Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann. Antibacterial Activity, Antioxidant Effect and Chemical Composition of Propolis from the Región del Maule, Central Chile. Molecules. 2015; 20 (10):18144-18167.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNélida Nina; Cristina Quispe; Felipe Jiménez-Aspee; Cristina Theoduloz; Gabriela Egly Feresín; Beatriz Lima; Elba Leiva; Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann. 2015. "Antibacterial Activity, Antioxidant Effect and Chemical Composition of Propolis from the Región del Maule, Central Chile." Molecules 20, no. 10: 18144-18167.
Beatriz Lima; Marianela Sanchez; María Belén Agüero; Alejandro Tapia; Jorge Palermo; Gabriela Egly Feresin. Antibacterial activity of extracts and compounds isolated from the Andean medicinal plant Azorella cryptantha (Clos) Reiche, Apiaceae. Industrial Crops and Products 2015, 64, 152 -157.
AMA StyleBeatriz Lima, Marianela Sanchez, María Belén Agüero, Alejandro Tapia, Jorge Palermo, Gabriela Egly Feresin. Antibacterial activity of extracts and compounds isolated from the Andean medicinal plant Azorella cryptantha (Clos) Reiche, Apiaceae. Industrial Crops and Products. 2015; 64 ():152-157.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeatriz Lima; Marianela Sanchez; María Belén Agüero; Alejandro Tapia; Jorge Palermo; Gabriela Egly Feresin. 2015. "Antibacterial activity of extracts and compounds isolated from the Andean medicinal plant Azorella cryptantha (Clos) Reiche, Apiaceae." Industrial Crops and Products 64, no. : 152-157.
Five new neolignans with a bicyclo[2.2.2]octene framework were isolated from an ethanolic extract of the bark of Cordia americana. The structures and relative configurations of the compounds were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic methods. All the isolated compounds showed good antioxidant activities in the DPPH radical scavenging (0.5–100 µg/mL) and Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP, 1–100 µg/mL) assays. One of the compounds displayed mild fungistatic activity at 0.1 µmol/spot against Fusarium virguliforme while, at the same time, all compounds were inactive against several strains of Gram (+) and Gram (−) bacteria at all assayed concentrations (10–1000 µg/mL).
Lucía R. Fernández; Adriana Cirigliano; María P. Fabani; Beatriz Lima; Sebastián Alberti; Fernando Kramer; Alejandro A. Tapia; Gabriela Cabrera; Jorge A. Palermo; Marianela Sánchez. Antioxidant Neolignans from Cordia americana. Planta Medica 2013, 79, 1724 -1729.
AMA StyleLucía R. Fernández, Adriana Cirigliano, María P. Fabani, Beatriz Lima, Sebastián Alberti, Fernando Kramer, Alejandro A. Tapia, Gabriela Cabrera, Jorge A. Palermo, Marianela Sánchez. Antioxidant Neolignans from Cordia americana. Planta Medica. 2013; 79 (18):1724-1729.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLucía R. Fernández; Adriana Cirigliano; María P. Fabani; Beatriz Lima; Sebastián Alberti; Fernando Kramer; Alejandro A. Tapia; Gabriela Cabrera; Jorge A. Palermo; Marianela Sánchez. 2013. "Antioxidant Neolignans from Cordia americana." Planta Medica 79, no. 18: 1724-1729.
The synthesis, in vitro evaluation and conformational study of penetratin and structurally related derivatives acting as antibacterial agents are reported. Among the compounds evaluated here, two methionine sulphoxide derivatives (RQIKIWFQNRRM[O]KWKK‐NH2 and RQIKIFFQNRRM[O]KFKK‐NH2) exhibited the strongest antibacterial effect in this series. In order to better understand the antimicrobial activity obtained for these peptides, we performed an exhaustive conformational analysis using different approaches. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed using two different media (water and trifluoroethanol/water). The results of these theoretical calculations were corroborated using experimental CD measurements. The electronic study for these peptides was carried out using molecular electrostatic potentials obtained from RHF/6‐31G(d) calculations. In addition, the non‐apeptide RQIRRWWQR‐NH2 showed strong inhibitory action against the Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria tested in this study.
Adriana D. Garro; Mónica S. Olivella; José A. Bombasaro; Beatriz Lima; Alejandro Tapia; Gabriela Feresin; András Perczel; Csaba Somlai; Botond Penke; Javier López Cascales; Ana M. Rodriguez; Ricardo D. Enriz. Penetratin and Derivatives Acting as Antibacterial Agents. Chemical Biology & Drug Design 2013, 82, 167 -177.
AMA StyleAdriana D. Garro, Mónica S. Olivella, José A. Bombasaro, Beatriz Lima, Alejandro Tapia, Gabriela Feresin, András Perczel, Csaba Somlai, Botond Penke, Javier López Cascales, Ana M. Rodriguez, Ricardo D. Enriz. Penetratin and Derivatives Acting as Antibacterial Agents. Chemical Biology & Drug Design. 2013; 82 (2):167-177.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdriana D. Garro; Mónica S. Olivella; José A. Bombasaro; Beatriz Lima; Alejandro Tapia; Gabriela Feresin; András Perczel; Csaba Somlai; Botond Penke; Javier López Cascales; Ana M. Rodriguez; Ricardo D. Enriz. 2013. "Penetratin and Derivatives Acting as Antibacterial Agents." Chemical Biology & Drug Design 82, no. 2: 167-177.
Essential oils (EO) are interesting alternatives to synthetic agents for crops and health protection. This is the first time the composition, potential anti-insect activities and antifungal properties of the essential oil from Baccharis darwinii collected in Patagonia, Argentina, are reported. It would affect Ceratitis capitata, “Mediterranean Fruit Fly,” and Triatoma infestans, Chagas disease vector, and would work as a source of antifungals to treat microbial infections. The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by hydro-distillation from the aerial parts was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Forty components were identified, representing 97.2% of the total oil. The major components with recognized anti-insect and antimicrobial activity were limonene (47.1%), thymol (8.1%) and, 4-terpinelol (6.4%). The in vitro evaluation of the anti-insect properties showed promising insecticidal activity against C. capitata (LD50 19.9–31.0 μg/fly for males and females respectively at 72 h) and repellent activity against T. infestans (average repellence 92%). In addition, the oil exhibited strong antifungal activity against yeast and dermatophytes of clinical relevance, including some fungi such as Candida spp and Trichophyton spp with MIC values between 62.5 and 125 μg/mL.
Rita R. Kurdelas; Sandra Lopez; Beatriz Lima; Gabriela Egly Feresin; Julio Alberto Zygadlo; Susana Zacchino; María Liza López; Alejandro Tapia; Monica L. Freile. Chemical composition, anti-insect and antimicrobial activity of Baccharis darwinii essential oil from Argentina, Patagonia. Industrial Crops and Products 2012, 40, 261 -267.
AMA StyleRita R. Kurdelas, Sandra Lopez, Beatriz Lima, Gabriela Egly Feresin, Julio Alberto Zygadlo, Susana Zacchino, María Liza López, Alejandro Tapia, Monica L. Freile. Chemical composition, anti-insect and antimicrobial activity of Baccharis darwinii essential oil from Argentina, Patagonia. Industrial Crops and Products. 2012; 40 ():261-267.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRita R. Kurdelas; Sandra Lopez; Beatriz Lima; Gabriela Egly Feresin; Julio Alberto Zygadlo; Susana Zacchino; María Liza López; Alejandro Tapia; Monica L. Freile. 2012. "Chemical composition, anti-insect and antimicrobial activity of Baccharis darwinii essential oil from Argentina, Patagonia." Industrial Crops and Products 40, no. : 261-267.
The essential oils (EOs) of two populations of Azorella cryptantha (Clos) Reiche, a native species from San Juan Province, were obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus and characterized by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses. The compounds identified amounted to 92.3 and 88.7% of the total oil composition for A. cryptantha from Bauchaceta (Ac-BAU) and Agua Negra (Ac-AN), respectively. The EO composition for the two populations was similar, although with differences in the identity and content of the main compounds and also in the identity of minor components. The main compounds of the Ac-BAU EO were α-pinene, α-thujene, sabinene, δ-cadinene, δ-cadinol, trans-β-guaiene, and τ-muurolol, while α-pinene, α-thujene, β-pinene, γ-cadinene, τ-cadinol, δ-cadinene, τ-muurolol, and a not identified compound were the main constituents of the Ac-AN EO, which also contained 3.0% of oxygenated monoterpenes. The repellent activity on Triatoma infestans nymphs was 100 and 92% for the Ac-AN and Ac-BAU EOs, respectively. Regarding the toxic effects on Ceratitis capitata, the EOs were very active with LD(50) values lower than 11 μg/fly. The dermatophytes Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum, and T. mentagrophytes and the bacterial strains Escherichia coli LM(1), E. coli LM(2), and Yersinia enterocolitica PI were more sensitive toward the Ac-AN EO (MIC 125 μg/ml) than toward the Ac-BAU EO. This is the first report on the composition of A. cryptantha EO and its anti-insect and antimicrobial properties.
Sandra Lopez; Beatriz Lima; Liliana Aragón; Luís Ariza Espinar; Alejandro Tapia; Susana Zacchino; Julio Zygadlo; Gabriela Egly Feresin; María Liza López. Essential Oil of Azorella cryptantha Collected in Two Different Locations from San Juan Province, Argentina: Chemical Variability and Anti-Insect and Antimicrobial Activities. Chemistry & Biodiversity 2012, 9, 1452 -1464.
AMA StyleSandra Lopez, Beatriz Lima, Liliana Aragón, Luís Ariza Espinar, Alejandro Tapia, Susana Zacchino, Julio Zygadlo, Gabriela Egly Feresin, María Liza López. Essential Oil of Azorella cryptantha Collected in Two Different Locations from San Juan Province, Argentina: Chemical Variability and Anti-Insect and Antimicrobial Activities. Chemistry & Biodiversity. 2012; 9 (8):1452-1464.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSandra Lopez; Beatriz Lima; Liliana Aragón; Luís Ariza Espinar; Alejandro Tapia; Susana Zacchino; Julio Zygadlo; Gabriela Egly Feresin; María Liza López. 2012. "Essential Oil of Azorella cryptantha Collected in Two Different Locations from San Juan Province, Argentina: Chemical Variability and Anti-Insect and Antimicrobial Activities." Chemistry & Biodiversity 9, no. 8: 1452-1464.
The infusion of the aerial parts of Gentianella multicaulis (Gillies ex Griseb.) Fabris (Gentianaceae), locally known as ‘nencia’, is used in San Juan Province, Argentina, as stomachic and as a bitter tonic against digestive and liver problems. The bioassay-guided isolation of G. multicaulis extracts and structural elucidation of the main compounds responsible for the antifungal and free radical scavenging activities were performed. The extracts had strong free radical scavenging effects in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay (45 - 93% at 10 μg/mL) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay at 200 μg/mL. Demethylbellidifolin (4) had high antioxidant activity in the DPPH and FRAP assay. The dermatophytes Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and T. rubrum were moderately inhibited by the different extracts (MIC values of 125 - 250 μg/mL). Demethylbellidifolin (4), bellidifolin (5), and isobellidifolin (6) showed an antifungal effect (MIC values of 50 μg/mL), while swerchirin (3) was less active with a MIC value of 100 μg/mL. In addition, oleanolic acid (1) and ursolic acid (2) were also isolated. These fi ndings demonstrate that Gentianella multicaulis collected in the mountains of the Province of San Juan, Argentina, is an important source of compounds with antifungal and antioxidant activities.
Beatriz Lima; Marianela Sánchez; Lorena Luna; María B. Agüero; Susana Zacchino; Eva Filippa; Jorge A. Palermo; Alejandro Tapia; Gabriela E. Feresin. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Gentianella multicaulis Collected on the Andean Slopes of San Juan Province, Argentina. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 2012, 67, 29 -38.
AMA StyleBeatriz Lima, Marianela Sánchez, Lorena Luna, María B. Agüero, Susana Zacchino, Eva Filippa, Jorge A. Palermo, Alejandro Tapia, Gabriela E. Feresin. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Gentianella multicaulis Collected on the Andean Slopes of San Juan Province, Argentina. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C. 2012; 67 (1-2):29-38.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeatriz Lima; Marianela Sánchez; Lorena Luna; María B. Agüero; Susana Zacchino; Eva Filippa; Jorge A. Palermo; Alejandro Tapia; Gabriela E. Feresin. 2012. "Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Gentianella multicaulis Collected on the Andean Slopes of San Juan Province, Argentina." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 67, no. 1-2: 29-38.
Beatriz Lima; Marianela Sanchez; Lorena Luna; María B. Agüero; Susana Zacchino; Eva Filippa; Jorge A. Palermo; Alejandro Tapia; Gabriela E. Feresin. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Gentianella multicaulis Collected on the Andean Slopes of San Juan Province, Argentina. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 2012, 67, 29 .
AMA StyleBeatriz Lima, Marianela Sanchez, Lorena Luna, María B. Agüero, Susana Zacchino, Eva Filippa, Jorge A. Palermo, Alejandro Tapia, Gabriela E. Feresin. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Gentianella multicaulis Collected on the Andean Slopes of San Juan Province, Argentina. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C. 2012; 67 ():29.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeatriz Lima; Marianela Sanchez; Lorena Luna; María B. Agüero; Susana Zacchino; Eva Filippa; Jorge A. Palermo; Alejandro Tapia; Gabriela E. Feresin. 2012. "Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Gentianella multicaulis Collected on the Andean Slopes of San Juan Province, Argentina." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 67, no. : 29.
The antifungal, antibacterial, and insect-repellent activities of the essential oils (EOs) of Acantholippia seriphioides, Artemisia mendozana, Gymnophyton polycephalum, Satureja parvifolia, Tagetes mendocina, and Lippia integrifolia, collected in the Central Andes area, province of San Juan, Argentina, were investigated. The dermatophytes Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and T. rubrum were inhibited by the EOs of G. polycephalum, L. integrifolia, and S. parvifolia, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) between 31.2 and 1000 μg/ml. Moreover, all EOs presented moderate activity against the bacteria tested, and the L. integrifolia and G. polycephalum EOs showed excellent repellent properties against Triatoma infestans, the Chagas disease vector, with repellency values between 60 and 100%. The A. seriphioides, G. polycephalum, and L. integrifolia EOs, obtained by hydrodistillation, were characterized by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses. The highest number of components (40) was identified in L. integrifolia EO, which, along with that of A. seriphioides, contained important amounts of oxygenated monoterpenes (44.35 and 29.72%, resp.). Thymol (27.61%) and carvacrol (13.24%) were the main components of A. seriphioides EO, and borneol, lippifoli-1(6)-en-5-one, and terpinen-4-ol (>8.5%) were the principal compounds of L. integrifolia EO. These results support the idea that oxygenated monoterpenes are the bioactive fractions of the EOs. Finally, the study shows that these Andean species might be used to treat superficial fungal infections and to improve the local Chagas disease situation by vector-control.
Beatriz Lima; Sandra Lopez; Lorena Luna; María B. Agüero; Liliana Aragón; Alejandro Tapia; Susana Zacchino; María L. López; Julio Alberto Zygadlo; Gabriela E. Feresin. Essential Oils of Medicinal Plants from the Central Andes of Argentina: Chemical Composition, and Antifungal, Antibacterial, and Insect-Repellent Activities. Chemistry & Biodiversity 2011, 8, 924 -936.
AMA StyleBeatriz Lima, Sandra Lopez, Lorena Luna, María B. Agüero, Liliana Aragón, Alejandro Tapia, Susana Zacchino, María L. López, Julio Alberto Zygadlo, Gabriela E. Feresin. Essential Oils of Medicinal Plants from the Central Andes of Argentina: Chemical Composition, and Antifungal, Antibacterial, and Insect-Repellent Activities. Chemistry & Biodiversity. 2011; 8 (5):924-936.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeatriz Lima; Sandra Lopez; Lorena Luna; María B. Agüero; Liliana Aragón; Alejandro Tapia; Susana Zacchino; María L. López; Julio Alberto Zygadlo; Gabriela E. Feresin. 2011. "Essential Oils of Medicinal Plants from the Central Andes of Argentina: Chemical Composition, and Antifungal, Antibacterial, and Insect-Repellent Activities." Chemistry & Biodiversity 8, no. 5: 924-936.
The petroleum ether extract of Baccharis darwinii showed activity against Cryptococcus neoformans and dermatophytes. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of Baccharis darwinii has resulted in the isolation of three coumarins: 5’-hydroxy aurapten (anisocoumarin H, 1), aurapten (7-geranyloxycoumarin, 2) and 5’-oxoaurapten (diversinin, 3). The structures of these compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods. These compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobialactivity against a panel of each, bacteria and fungi. Compound 3 showed the best activities against Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes with MICs = 15.6 µg/mL, followed by compound 1 whose MICs against the same fungi were 62.5 µg/mL. In addition they showed fungicidal rather than fungistatic activity. Both compounds showed moderate activity (MICs = 125 µg/mL) against Cryptococcus neoformans. This is the first report of the presence of compound 1 in B. darwinii.
Rita R. Kurdelas; Beatriz Lima; Alejandro Tapia; Gabriela Egly Feresin; Manuel Gonzalez Sierra; Maria Victoria Rodriguez; Susana Zacchino; Ricardo D. Enriz; Monica L. Freile. Antifungal Activity of Extracts and Prenylated Coumarins Isolated from Baccharis darwinii Hook & Arn. (Asteraceae). Molecules 2010, 15, 4898 -4907.
AMA StyleRita R. Kurdelas, Beatriz Lima, Alejandro Tapia, Gabriela Egly Feresin, Manuel Gonzalez Sierra, Maria Victoria Rodriguez, Susana Zacchino, Ricardo D. Enriz, Monica L. Freile. Antifungal Activity of Extracts and Prenylated Coumarins Isolated from Baccharis darwinii Hook & Arn. (Asteraceae). Molecules. 2010; 15 (7):4898-4907.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRita R. Kurdelas; Beatriz Lima; Alejandro Tapia; Gabriela Egly Feresin; Manuel Gonzalez Sierra; Maria Victoria Rodriguez; Susana Zacchino; Ricardo D. Enriz; Monica L. Freile. 2010. "Antifungal Activity of Extracts and Prenylated Coumarins Isolated from Baccharis darwinii Hook & Arn. (Asteraceae)." Molecules 15, no. 7: 4898-4907.
The essential oil of aerial parts of Artemisia mendozana (vulgar name: “ajenjo”) was analyzed by GC and GC-MS and their antibacterial activity has been investigated towards Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant) strains. Thirty six components were identified, representing 92.8 % of the essential oil. The major compounds were camphor (22.4 %), artemiseole (11.1 %), artemisia alcohol (10.8 %) and borneol (7.2 %). The in vitro antimicrobial activity was studied by the micro dilution method, against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus methicillin-sensitive ATCC 29213 and Staphylococcus aureus methicillin-resistant ATCC 43300. Standard antibiotic Cefotaxime Argentia were used. A strongest activity was observed for the essential oil against all bacteria assayed.
Beatriz Lima; Marina P. De Lampasona; Carola Schuff; Alejandro Tapia; Renata Bomben; Claudia Duschatzky; Gabriela Egly Feresin. Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity ofArtemisia mendozanaD.C. Essential Oil. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 2008, 11, 496 -502.
AMA StyleBeatriz Lima, Marina P. De Lampasona, Carola Schuff, Alejandro Tapia, Renata Bomben, Claudia Duschatzky, Gabriela Egly Feresin. Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity ofArtemisia mendozanaD.C. Essential Oil. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 2008; 11 (5):496-502.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeatriz Lima; Marina P. De Lampasona; Carola Schuff; Alejandro Tapia; Renata Bomben; Claudia Duschatzky; Gabriela Egly Feresin. 2008. "Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity ofArtemisia mendozanaD.C. Essential Oil." Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 11, no. 5: 496-502.
Chemical composition, GC and GC-MS analysis and in vitro antibacterial activity of the essential oils of the aerial parts of Satureja parvifolia (Phil.) Epling collected in San Juan Province Argentine were performed. Twenty six compounds were identified accounting for 94.1% (area %) of the essential oil. The major constituents were piperitone (34.9%), piperitenone (27.3%), cis-piperitenone epoxide (15.0%) and piperitenone oxide (6.0%). The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was investigated by the microdilution method, with Cefotaxime as the standard antibiotic against seven Gram-negative and three Gram-positive bacteria. A strongest activity was observed for the essential oil against all Gram negative bacteria assayed, principally Yersinia enterocolítica-PI and Salmonella enteritidis-MI with a MIC value equal to 0.82 mg/ml.
Lorena Luna; Beatriz Lima; Alejandro Tapia; Gabriela Egly Feresin; Claudia Duschatzky; Mirta Possetto; Marina P. De Lampasona; Carola Schuff. Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity ofSatureja parvifolia(Phil.) Epling Essential Oil. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 2008, 11, 106 -111.
AMA StyleLorena Luna, Beatriz Lima, Alejandro Tapia, Gabriela Egly Feresin, Claudia Duschatzky, Mirta Possetto, Marina P. De Lampasona, Carola Schuff. Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity ofSatureja parvifolia(Phil.) Epling Essential Oil. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 2008; 11 (1):106-111.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLorena Luna; Beatriz Lima; Alejandro Tapia; Gabriela Egly Feresin; Claudia Duschatzky; Mirta Possetto; Marina P. De Lampasona; Carola Schuff. 2008. "Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity ofSatureja parvifolia(Phil.) Epling Essential Oil." Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 11, no. 1: 106-111.