Proteolytic bacteria were found in many environment, some were found in soil or mud. This research was conducted to find proteolytic bacteria from pig sludge that is place for pig wallowing. Bacteria isolation was carried out by streak plate method on nutrient agar media. Qualitative test of proteolytic bacteria used skim milk agar medium. The results of isolation obtained 10 bacterias and 2 of them have potential as proteolytic bacteria. Identification of proteolitic bacteria used the 16s rRNA method, result showed that bacterias are Bacillus pseudomycoides and Staphylococcus sciuri. Protease isolation was carried out under 4 o C and under room temperature during centrifugation as separation process. Protease activity from Bacillus pseudomycoides was at 4 o C as much as 0.094 U/mL and was 0.082 U/mL at room temperature, while from Staphylococcus sciuri was at 4 o C as much as 0.120 U/mL and was 0.098 U/mL at room temperature.

Ketoprofen or [2-(3-benzoylphenyl) propionic acid] is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) and an analgesic which has high permeability and low solubility. The purpose of this work was to improve the solubility and dissolution of poorly water-soluble ketoprofen prepared by emulsification ionic gelation method and utilizing polymer (chitosan) and cross linker (tripolyphosphate, TPP) for particles formulation. The results show that increasing pH value of TPP, higher solubility and dissolution of as-prepared ketoprofen-chitosan was obtained. The solubility in water of ketoprofen-chitosan with pH 6 for TPP increased 2.71-fold compared to untreated ketoprofen. While the dissolution of ketoprofen-chitosan with pH 6 of TPP in simulated gastric fluid without enzyme (0.1 N HCl), pH 4.5 buffer and simulated intestinal fluid without enzyme (phosphate buffer pH 6.8) was increased 1.9-fold, 1.6-fold and 1.2-fold compared to untreated ketoprofen for dissolution time of 30 minutes, respectively. It could be concluded that chitosan and TPP in the emulsification ionic gelation method for ketoprofen preparation effectively increases solubility and dissolution of poorly water-soluble ketoprofen.

Brazilin (BRZ), a major bioactive constituent of Caesalpinia sappan, exhibits promising anticancer activity but suffers from extremely poor aqueous solubility, limiting its oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Drug solubility is a critical determinant of absorption and therapeutic efficacy, so strategies to enhance the solubility of BRZ are essential. Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) have been widely employed to enhance the solubility and dissolution behavior of poorly soluble compounds. This study aimed to develop and characterize ASDs of BRZ using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a polymer carrier, to investigate molecular interactions through in silico docking, and to evaluate their physicochemical properties, dissolution behavior, physical stability, and antiproliferative activity. ASDs of BRZ with PVP were prepared using the solvent evaporation method with drug-to-polymer weight ratios of 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5. The formulations were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Solubility, in vitro dissolution, and antiproliferative activity against DU145 prostate cancer cells were evaluated. Physical stability was evaluated over 30 days under dry (25 °C/0% RH) and humid (25 °C/90% RH) storage conditions using PXRD to detect any possible recrystallization. PXRD and DSC analyses confirmed the complete amorphization of BRZ within the ASD matrix, as evidenced by the disappearance of crystalline diffraction peaks and characteristic melting endotherms. FT-IR spectroscopy, supported by in silico studies, revealed hydrogen bond formation between the hydroxyl group of BRZ and the carbonyl group of PVP. The BRZ:PVP (1:5) formulation achieved a 5.7-fold increase in solubility compared to crystalline BRZ. Dissolution testing showed a characteristic spring-and-parachute profile, with ASDs maintaining supersaturation for a prolonged period. Moreover, enhanced antiproliferative activity against DU145 cells was observed for BRZ ASDs, with the lowest IC₅₀ value of 14.02 µg/mL at a 1:5 ratio, compared to 20.12 µg/mL for crystalline BRZ. Stability testing showed that all ASDs maintained their amorphous form under dry storage conditions for 30 days, whereas samples stored at 90% relative humidity exhibited recrystallization. BRZ ASDs using PVP effectively improved solubility, dissolution profile, and antiproliferative activity. The formulations demonstrated good stability under dry storage conditions but were sensitive to high humidity. These findings suggest that ASDs represent a promising strategy for enhancing the therapeutic potential of poorly soluble natural anticancer compounds.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are one of the business sectors driving the country's economy. MSMEs produce many quality products that can compete in the market, where one of the products that is marketed quite a lot is food products. Several MSMEs in the Purwakarta Regency area have not included information on nutritional value and contamination on labels or packaging so these products cannot be widely marketed or traded in official stores and can only be marketed in their production areas. The Community Service activities carried out aim to carry out nutritional value and contamination tests, followed by improving product quality through workshops and mentoring. The food products targeted are simping and instant turmeric drinks produced by MSMEs in Pondoksalam District, Purwakarta Regency. Laboratory test results show that instant turmeric does not meet several SNI standard parameters, so quality improvement is still needed to be able to adapt it to become a product that meets standards. The results of the questionnaire show that several MSME owners in the Purwakarta area have a poor understanding of food product quality standards and ways to improve them. The coaching program for community service activities shows an increase in knowledge and understanding so that food products from Purwakarta MSMEs are expected to meet product quality standards in the future.

Abstrak Imobilisasi merupakan pengurungan fisik atau lokalisasi bakteri utuh dalam lingkungan tertentu untuk memaksimalkan aktivitas biokatalis yang diinginkan. Imobilisasi mampu menyediakan bakteri sebagai biokatalis dalam konsentrasi tinggi sehingga dapat meningkatkan efisiensi serta produktivitas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengamati efek imobilisasi terhadap fragmen DNA bakteri setelah penyimpanan dingin selama lima bulan, bakteri yang digunakan adalah Pseudomonas fluorescens yang diimobilisasikan pada κ-karagenan lokal yang berasal dari perairan Karimun Jawa. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap fragmen DNA setelah direstriksi oleh enzim EcoRI dan dianalisis menggunakan elektroforesis gel. Bakteri diimobilisasi dalam karagenan pada konsentrasi 1% dan 2% (b/v). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa DNA P.fluorescens memberikan fragmen identik antara bakteri terimobilisasi dan tanpa imobilisasi. Kata Kunci : Imobilisasi, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Karagenan, Elektroforesis Gel. Analysis of Pseudomonas fluorescens’s DNA fragments before and after immobilize in κ-carrageenan Abstract Immobilization is physical confinement or localization of bacteria in a particular environment to maximize biocatalyst activity. Immobilization provide bacteria as biocatalysts in high concentrations in order to increase efficiency and productivity. This study was conducted to observe the effect of immobilization to bacterial DNA fragments after cool storage for five months, bacteria used was Pseudomonas fluorescens that immobilized in local κ-carrageenan from Karimun Jawa. Observations conducted to DNA fragments after being restricted by EcoRI enzymes and analyzed using gel electrophoresis. The bacteria were immobilized in carrageenan on concentrations of 1% and 2% (w / v), respectively. Result shown that P.fluorescens's DNA gave similar fragments between immobilized and without immobilized. Keywords: Immobilization, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Carrageenan, Gel Electrophoresis.