Anemia occurs frequently in HIV-infected patients and has been associated with an increased risk of death in this population. For Hispanic subjects, information describing this blood disorder during HIV is scarce. Therefore, the present study examined data from a cohort of HIV-positive Hispanics to determine the prevalence of anemia, identify its associated factors, and evaluate its relationship with one-year mortality.

Longer time lived in the U.S. has been associated with worse health outcomes, especially preventable diseases, among racially and ethnically diverse groups of foreign-born individuals. This study evaluated the association between time lived in the U.S. and colorectal cancer screening adherence and whether this relationship differed by race and ethnicity. Data from the National Health Interview Survey for 2010-2018 among adults aged 50-75 years were used. Time in the U.S. was categorized as U.S.-born, foreign-born ≥15 years, and foreign-born <15 years. Colorectal cancer screening adherence was defined according to U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines. Generalized linear models with Poisson distribution were used to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% CIs. Analyses were conducted in 2020-2022, were stratified by race and ethnicity, accounted for the complex sampling design, and were weighted to be representative of the U.S. Prevalence of colorectal cancer screening adherence was 63% overall, 64% for U.S.-born, 55% for foreign-born ≥15 years, and 35% for foreign-born <15 years. In fully adjusted models for all individuals, only foreign-born <15 years had lower adherence than U.S.-born (foreign-born ≥15 years: prevalence ratio=0.97 [0.95, 1.00], foreign-born <15 years: prevalence ratio=0.79 [0.71, 0.88]). Results differed by race and ethnicity (p-interaction=0.002). In stratified analyses, findings for non-Hispanic White individuals (foreign-born ≥15 years: prevalence ratio=1.00 [0.96, 1.04], foreign-born <15 years: prevalence ratio=0.76 [0.58, 0.98]) and non-Hispanic Black individuals (foreign-born ≥15 years: prevalence ratio=0.94 [0.86, 1.02], foreign-born <15 years: prevalence ratio=0.61 [0.44, 0.85]) were similar to all individuals. Disparities by time in the U.S. were not observed among Hispanic/Latino individuals (foreign-born ≥15 years: prevalence ratio=0.98 [0.92, 1.04], foreign-born <15 years: prevalence ratio=0.86 [0.74, 1.01]) but persisted among Asian American/Pacific Islander individuals (foreign-born ≥15 years: prevalence ratio=0.84 [0.77, 0.93], foreign-born <15 years: prevalence ratio=0.74 [0.60, 0.93]). The relationship between colorectal cancer screening adherence and time in the U.S. varied by race and ethnicity. Culturally and ethnically tailored interventions are needed to improve colorectal cancer screening adherence among foreign-born people, especially among the most recently immigrated individuals.

Despite some progress in recent years, colorectal cancer (CRC) screening adherence in the United States is still suboptimal, particularly among disadvantaged groups. In this study, we assessed the ...

The clinical impact of arrhythmias on the continuum of critical illness is unclear, and data in medical intensive care units (ICU) is lacking. In this study, we distinguish between different types of arrhythmias and evaluate if their distinction is of clinical importance based on ICU length of stay and mortality outcomes. We performed a retrospective analysis of 215 patients in a community-based teaching hospital medical ICU. Variables gathered include sociodemographic data, arrhythmias identified and interpreted by the study team, and admission diagnoses coded into clinical mediator categories based on theorized common risk pathways. Univariable and multivariable Poisson regression models were used to identify risk factors for developing arrhythmias by type, prolonged length of stay, and hospital mortality. Significant arrhythmia was detected in 28.8 % of subjects with most new arrhythmia events developing within the first 3 days of ICU stay. Acute myocardial ischemia and acute kidney injury at the time of ICU admission were associated with an increased risk of developing supraventricular arrhythmias (SVA) (RR = 2.02; 95 % CI 1.08–3.78 and RR = 1.93; 95 %CI 1.09–3.37, respectively). SVA in the first 3 days of ICU stay was associated with an increased risk of prolonged ICU stay (RR = 1.47; 95 % CI 1.09–1.97). After controlling for clinical mediators, development of SVA was not independently associated with in-hospital mortality. No mediators significantly increased the risk of developing ventricular arrhythmias (VA). VA were not associated to prolonged ICU stay but were associated with increased risk of hospital mortality (RR = 1.93; 95 % CI 1.18–3.15). It is important to distinguish between supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias for outcomes in the medical ICU setting. Developing a new VA increases the risk of in-hospital mortality independently. Developing a new SVA increases the risk of having a prolonged ICU stay but does not appear to increase in-hospital mortality independently. These findings suggest that the development of a VA should be considered an independent morbid event and not necessarily the end result of a complicated clinical course, while a new SVA may be considered a cardiac complication of the disease continuum which may add complexity to an ICU stay.

Background: Colorectal cancer incidence and mortality have declined with increased screening and scientific advances in treatment. However, improvement in colorectal cancer outcomes has not been equal for all groups and disparities have persisted over time. Methods: Data from the California Cancer Registry were used to estimate changes in 5-year colorectal cancer–specific survival over three diagnostic time periods: 1997–2002, 2003–2008, and 2009–2014. Analyses included all patients in California with colorectal cancer as a first primary malignancy. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to evaluate the effect of race/ethnicity, insurance status, and neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) on 5-year colorectal cancer–specific survival. Results: On the basis of a population-based sample of 197,060 colorectal cancer cases, racial/ethnic survival disparities decreased over time among non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB) compared with non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), after adjusting for demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics. For cases diagnosed 1997–2002, colorectal cancer–specific hazard rates were higher for NHB [HR, 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–1.19] and lower for Asians/Pacific Islanders (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87–0.96) and Hispanics (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90–0.99) compared with NHW. In 2009–2014, colorectal cancer–specific HR for NHB was not significantly different to the rate observed for NHW (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.97–1.10). There were no changes in disparities in nSES, but increasing disparities by health insurance status. Conclusions: We found a decrease in survival disparities over time by race/ethnicity, but a persistence of disparities by neighborhood socioeconomic status and health insurance status. Impact: Further investigation into the drivers for these disparities can help direct policy and practice toward health equity for all groups.