Plant glutamate receptor proteins (GLRs) are involved in plant development, biotic stress, and light-signal transduction. Vigna angularis is a traditional crop with important economic value in China, and the identification of functional genes can facilitate the breeding of stress resistant varieties. Here, we identified the members of the GLR gene family in the adzuki bean genome and investigated gene expression under light and rust fungal (Uromyces vignae) stimuli. Sixteen GLR genes were identified in V. angularis (VaGLRs), and these genes clustered in a single clade (clade III) with two groups. Evolutionary analysis showed that three VaGLRs result from tandem duplications and four result from whole genome/segmental duplications. To understand the regulation of expression of VaGLRs, cis-acting elements were analyzed in the promoter regions of the VaGLRs including cis-acting elements associated with light and stress responsiveness. Expression analysis by qRT-PCR revealed transcripts of eight and 10 VaGLRs in response to light stimuli and rust infection, respectively. For light responsiveness, the expression levels of XP_017430569.1 and XP_017425299.1 were higher under light condition than in darkness, while the expression levels of XP_017406996.1, XP_017425763.1, and XP_017423557.1 gradually recovered during dark treatment. Additionally, the relative expression levels of XP_017413816.1, XP_017436268.1, and XP_017425299.1 were significantly elevated during U. vignae infection in a resistant cultivar compared to the expression levels in a susceptible cultivar. XP_017425299.1 expression was induced both by light and rust infection, suggesting this gene may link light and disease resistance signaling pathways. Our results provide insight into how the VaGLRs contribute to adzuki bean response to light stimulus and pathogen attack. These identified VaGLRs also provide important reference to improve adzuki bean germplasm resources.

Iris lactea Pall. has high ornamental value and strong drought resistance, which can be used as a useful sand-stabilization and ornamental plant. In September 2021, typical anthracnose symptoms on ...

Long-term continuous monocropping of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) in China has increased crop vulnerability to emerging diseases and threatens yield stability and grain quality. This practice may also influence inoculum carryover and host–pathogen interactions, making foxtail millet health a central issue for sustainable production. This study reports the first occurrence in China of a previously undescribed bacterial leaf disease of foxtail millet. Early symptoms are characterized by water-soaked lesions at leaf tips that spread basipetally along the veins and gradually desiccate as the tissue dehydrates. Koch’s postulates were fulfilled to isolate and identify the causal agent. Multilocus sequence analysis of three concatenated housekeeping genes (gyrB, infB, and rpoB) classified the pathogen as Pantoea ananatis. The isolate was further characterized for metabolic profile; its colonization pattern and spatial distribution within foxtail millet tissues were elucidated, revealing features of host–pathogen interaction. A high-quality de novo whole-genome assembly was generated, and candidate virulence determinants were identified by integrated genome annotation and cell wall hydrolase activity assays. This genomic resource is intended as a supporting tool for plant protection research, including disease surveillance, resistance breeding, and management. Collectively, this study represents the first report of P. ananatis causing bacterial leaf disease on foxtail millet in China. It clarifies the colonization and distribution of the pathogen in host tissues, reveales reveals its interaction characteristics with foxtail millet, and provided genomic resources to support research on foxtail millet health protection and plant protection under continuous cropping conditions.