Stem cells have been widely used for treating disease due to the various benefits they offer in the curing process. Several treatments using stem cells have undergone clinical trials, such as cell-based therapies for heart disease, sickle cell disease, thalassemia, etc. Adipose-derived stem cells are some of the many mesenchymal stem cells that exist in our body that can be harvested from the abdomen, thighs, etc. Adipose tissue is easy to harvest, and its stem cells can be obtained in higher volumes compared to stem cells harvested from bone marrow, for which a more invasive technique is required with a smaller volume obtained. Many scientists have expressed interest in investigating the role of adipose-derived stem cells in treating disease since their use was first described. This is due to these stem cells’ ability to differentiate into multiple lineages and secrete a variety of growth factors and proteins. Previous studies have found that the hormones, cytokines, and growth factors contained in adipose tissue play major roles in the metabolic regulation of adipose tissue, as well as in energy balance and whole-body homeostasis through their endocrine, autocrine, and paracrine functions. These are thought to be important contributors to the process of tissue repair and regeneration. However, it remains unclear how effective and safe ADSCs are in treating diseases. The research that has been carried out to date is in order to investigate the impact of ADSCs in disease treatment, as described in this review, to highlight its “trick or treat” effect in medical treatment.

Objectives: Glaucoma is a leading cause of permanent blindness. Despite therapeutic advancements, glaucoma management remains challenging due to limitations of conventional drug delivery, primarily topical eye drops, resulting in suboptimal outcomes and a global surge in cases. To address these issues, liposomal drug delivery has emerged as a promising approach. Key findings: This review explores the potential of liposomal-based medications, with a particular focus on topical administration as a superior alternative to enhance therapeutic efficacy and improve patient compliance compared to existing treatments. This writing delves into the therapeutic prospects of liposomal formulations across different administration routes, as evidenced by ongoing clinical trials. Additionally, critical aspects of liposomal production and market strategies are discussed herein. Summary: By overcoming ocular barriers and optimizing drug delivery, liposomal topical administration holds the key to significantly improving glaucoma treatment outcomes.

Objective Inflammatory nasal polyps (NPs) are a chronic condition of the nasal mucosa linked with prolonged airway obstruction, frequent infections, and immune dysregulation. While the exact mechanisms underlying NP development remain unknown, new research indicates that immune-regulatory pathways are essential. Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and Interleukin-35 (IL-35) have attracted much interest. Methods In this narrative review, we examine how regulatory T cells (Tregs) release the potent immunosuppressive cytokine IL-35, suppressing effector T cell responses and encouraging Treg proliferation. Studies have shown that IL-35 is essential for preserving immunological homeostasis. FOXP3, a crucial transcription factor necessary for the development and maintenance of developing and maintaining immunological tolerance, controls the development and activity of Tregs. The pathophysiology of NPs is also included in this review, along with pertinent immunological indicators linked to the advancement of the condition. Result The balance between inflammatory and regulatory responses is upset in NP patients due to dysregulation of IL-35 and FOXP3, exacerbating chronic inflammation. Studying how they interact offers novel insight into the pathophysiology of NP and identifies potential curative approaches, such as Treg regulation and IL-35 supplementation. Parallel to this, pharmacological treatments such as corticosteroids and biologics (such as dupilumab) aim to reduce type 2 inflammation. Conclusion FOXP3 and IL-35 play an important role in maintaining immunological homeostasis, and their dysregulation is associated with the persistent inflammation seen in NPs. Relying on these regulatory mechanisms may represent a promising therapeutic direction, although further experimental and clinical validation is required beyond existing anti-inflammatory therapies. Further investigation is necessary to confirm their clinical relevance.