Carbon nanotubes represent one of the best examples of novel nanostructures, exhibit a range of extraordinary physical properties, strong antimicrobial activity and can pierce bacterial cell walls. This investigation handles the antimicrobial activity of functionalised multiwall carbon nanotubes (F‐MWNTs) as an alternative antimicrobial material compared to the commercial antibiotics. Antibacterial activities of F‐MWNTs are investigated through two different kinds of bacteria, E. coli and S. aureus . The results demonstrate that the best concentration of F‐MWNTs for the maximum inhibition and antibacterial functionality is 80 and 60 μg/ml for E. coli and S. aureus , respectively. The transmission electron microscope reveals the morphological changes damage mechanism for the cellular reliability on these microorganisms. F‐MWNTs are capable of biologically isolating the cell from their microenvironment, contributing to the development of toxic substances and placing the cell under oxidative stress leading to cellular death. The efficiency of F‐MWNTs is compared with the common antibiotics and shows an enhancement in the inhibitory effect with percentages reaches 85%. To account for the bactericidal performance of F‐MWNTs towards these pathogens, the dielectric conductivity and the bacterial growth measurements are conducted. The present study endeavour that F‐MWNTs could be exploited in biomedical devices and altering systems for hospital and industrial cleaning applications.

Background: Recently, transition-metal oxides have represented an exciting research topic, especially their fundamental and technological aspects. Here, vanadium pentoxide nanoparticles (V₂O₅-NPs) were synthesized through the thermal decomposition of ammonium meta-vanadate. In the current study, we investigated the photocatalytic activity of V₂O₅-NPs to develop and regulate the V₂O₅ structure for adsorption applications. Results: The obtained nanoparticles were inspected by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and differential thermogravimetric analysis, which proved the formation of the nanorod structure. The ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra revealed a 2.26 eV band gap for V₂O₅-NPs that correlates with indirect optical transitions. The photocatalytic activity of the V₂O₅-NPs was investigated by methylene blue (MB) degradation in aqueous solutions. An initial concentration of 25 ppm, a temperature of 40 °C, 40 mg of adsorbent mass, and 1 h of contact time were the optimal conditions for the efficient removal of MB that could reach up to 92.4%. The mechanism of MB photocatalytic degradation by V₂O₅-NPs is explained. Conclusions: The photodegradation data better fit with the Langmuir isotherm model. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. The reaction kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model. Thermally prepared V₂O₅-NPs offer a simple and efficient approach for selective MB removal from an aqueous medium. Graphical

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have become the focus of attention of many scientists and companies worldwide. CNT-based filters have a prospective advantage in comparison to the commercial filters already in operation because they are light weight and do not require electricity to operate. This investigation handles the filtration efficiency of manganese and iron from aqueous solution using commercial multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (Taunit). The effects of different parameters such as CNT filter mass, concentration of manganese and iron in aqueous solution and pH of aqueous solution on removal of these heavy metals are determined. From these investigations, the removal efficiency of manganese and iron could reach 71.5% and 52% respectively for concentration 50 ppm, suggesting that Taunit is an excellent adsorbent for manganese and iron removal from water. There was a significant increase in removal efficiency at pH = 3 for manganese and pH = 8 for iron. The effect of oxidation on the structural of MWCNTs was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques to investigate the functionalization with oxygen-containing and outer diameter distribution. It was found that functionalized CNT-based filters are more efficient at removing manganese and iron from aqueous solutions. Oxidized MWCNTs may be a promising candidate for heavy metal ion removal from industrial wastewater.

This investigation examines the filtration efficiency of chromium from aqueous solution using two types of commercial multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (Taunit-M (TM) and Taunit-MD (TMD)). These MWCNTs were modified using two complementary treatments, purification (using a mixture of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide) and functionalization (using nitric acid). The effect of these treatments on the morphology of MWCNT Taunit filters was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to estimate the outer diameter distribution and element content deposited on filters. Effects of different parameters, i.e., carbon nanotube filter mass, concentration of chromium in aqueous solution, and pH of aqueous solution, on removal of this heavy metal were determined. From these investigations, the removal efficiency of chromium could reach 97% for modified TM and 70% for modified TMD at concentration of 10 ppm, suggesting that modified TM is an excellent adsorbent for chromium removal from aqueous solutions and more efficient than modified TMD. A significant increase in chromium removal by modified TM at pH = 2 has been observed compared with higher pH values. It was found that modified TM filters can be reused through many cycles of regeneration with high performance. Modified TM filters may be a promising candidate for heavy metal ion removal from industrial wastewater.