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Committed to find sustainable fibre materials. Biobased, reconfigured or recycled are all possible options. Recycling routes should keep as much as possible of the added value of the discarded textiles.
Although there has been some research on how to use short fibers from mechanically recycled textiles, little is known about how to preserve the length of recycled fibers, and thus maintain their properties. The aim of this study is to investigate whether a pre-treatment with lubricant could mitigate fiber length reduction from tearing. This could facilitate the spinning of a 100% recycled yarn. Additionally, this study set out to develop a new test method to assess the effect of lubricant loading. Inter-fiber cohesion was measured in a tensile tester on carded fiber webs. We used polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 aqueous solution as a lubricant to treat fibers and woven fabrics of cotton, polyester (PES), and cotton/polyester. Measurements of fiber length and percentage of unopened material showed the harshness and efficiency of the tearing process. Treatment with PEG 4000 decreased inter-fiber cohesion, reduced fiber length loss, and facilitated a more efficient tearing process, especially for PES. The study showed that treating fabric with PEG enabled rotor spinning of 100% recycled fibers. The inter-fiber cohesion test method suggested appropriate lubricant loadings, which were shown to mitigate tearing harshness and facilitate fabric disintegration in recycling.
Katarina Lindström; Therese Sjöblom; Anders Persson; Nawar Kadi. Improving Mechanical Textile Recycling by Lubricant Pre-Treatment to Mitigate Length Loss of Fibers. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8706 .
AMA StyleKatarina Lindström, Therese Sjöblom, Anders Persson, Nawar Kadi. Improving Mechanical Textile Recycling by Lubricant Pre-Treatment to Mitigate Length Loss of Fibers. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (20):8706.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarina Lindström; Therese Sjöblom; Anders Persson; Nawar Kadi. 2020. "Improving Mechanical Textile Recycling by Lubricant Pre-Treatment to Mitigate Length Loss of Fibers." Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8706.
The demand for textile fibres is growing quickly. However, global cotton production has stabilized around 25 Mton/year. This is a sound development since cotton cultivation causes major sustainable development issues. Even if regenerated cellulose fibre production steadily grows, it is still only from a sixth to a fifth of cotton volumes. Hence, it is essential to find resource-efficient routes to generate alternatives to virgin cotton. There are many promising research initiatives that discover the possibility to utilize waste streams of neat cotton and cotton in fibre blends as raw materials for dissolving pulp for regeneration into, for example, viscose or Lyocell. However, there is a much simpler and energy-efficient route at hand. If fabrics are disintegrated mechanically, the separated fibres can be turned into yarn again. However, since fibre length is a key parameter to accomplish strong and durable textiles, fibre length loss upon tearing should be minimized. This study evaluates how fibre length distribution alters upon tearing of post-consumer cotton waste of two different constructions: denim and single jersey; and different degrees of wear, rendering four different fractions: (1) barely worn denim, (2) rather worn denim, (3) barely worn single-jersey and (4) rather worn single-jersey. Before tearing, the garments were dissembled, their yarns were characterized, fibre length distributions were manually determined for (1)–(4). Length analysis of the recovered fibres after tearing revealed that the length drop was most severe for (a) the finer single-jersey and (b) the barely worn fractions. The findings suggest that significant wear does not exclude from mechanical recycling.
Julia Aronsson; Anders Persson. Tearing of post-consumer cotton T-shirts and jeans of varying degree of wear. Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 2020, 15, 1 .
AMA StyleJulia Aronsson, Anders Persson. Tearing of post-consumer cotton T-shirts and jeans of varying degree of wear. Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics. 2020; 15 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulia Aronsson; Anders Persson. 2020. "Tearing of post-consumer cotton T-shirts and jeans of varying degree of wear." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15, no. : 1.
Cotton is not the answer to meet the rapidly growing demand for textile fibers. Wood-based regenerated cellulose fibers are an attractive alternative. Since wood is a candidate to replace fossil raw materials in so many applications of the circular economy, other sources need investigation. Cotton linters work in the viscose process – can cotton waste be used to make dissolving pulp? We describe the textile qualities of lyocell fibers from (i) pure cotton waste pulp and (ii) blending with conventional dissolving pulp. The staple fibers were tensile tested, yarns spun and tensile tested and knitted, and tested for shrinkage, water and dye sorption, abrasion resistance, fuzzing and pilling, staining and fastness. TENCEL® staple fibers and off-the-shelf TENCEL® yarn were used as references. The results show that the two study fibers had tenacity and an E-modulus that exceeded the staple fiber reference. Also, the study yarns were at least as good as the spun reference yarn and the commercial off-the-shelf yarn in terms of wet tenacity. Single jerseys made from the study yarns shrunk less upon laundering, which is surprising since they could absorb at least as much water at a comparable rate as the references. Dyeability, staining and color fastness, durability and pilling tendency showed that the two study fiber tricots performed at least as good as the references. This study suggests that cotton waste is a promising candidate for special grade pulp to suit niche regenerated fiber products or to spice up conventional wood-based dissolving pulp.
Stina Björquist; Julia Aronsson; Gunnar Henriksson; Anders Persson. Textile qualities of regenerated cellulose fibers from cotton waste pulp. Textile Research Journal 2017, 88, 2485 -2492.
AMA StyleStina Björquist, Julia Aronsson, Gunnar Henriksson, Anders Persson. Textile qualities of regenerated cellulose fibers from cotton waste pulp. Textile Research Journal. 2017; 88 (21):2485-2492.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStina Björquist; Julia Aronsson; Gunnar Henriksson; Anders Persson. 2017. "Textile qualities of regenerated cellulose fibers from cotton waste pulp." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 21: 2485-2492.
Ioncell-F, a recently developed process for the production of man-made cellulosic fibers from ionic liquid solutions by dry-jet wet spinning, is presented as an alternative to the viscose and N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO)-based Lyocell processes. The ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene acetate was identified as excellent cellulose solvent allowing for a rapid dissolution at moderate temperatures and subsequent shaping into continuous filaments. The highly oriented cellulose fibers obtained upon coagulation in cold water exhibited superior tenacity, exceeding that of commercial viscose and NMMO-based Lyocell (Tencel®) fibers. The respective staple fibers, which have been converted into two-ply yarn by ring spinning technology, presented very high tenacity. Furthermore, the Ioncell yarn showed very good behavior during the knitting and weaving processes, reflecting the quality of the produced yarn. The successfully knitted and woven garments from the Ioncell yarn demonstrate the suitability of this particular ionic liquid for the production of man-made cellulosic fibers and thus give a promising outlook for the future of the Ioncell-F process.
Anne Michud; Marjaana Tanttu; Shirin Asaadi; Yibo Ma; Eveliina Netti; Pirjo Kääriainen; Anders Persson; Anders Berntsson; Michael Hummel; Herbert Sixta. Ioncell-F: ionic liquid-based cellulosic textile fibers as an alternative to viscose and Lyocell. Textile Research Journal 2015, 86, 543 -552.
AMA StyleAnne Michud, Marjaana Tanttu, Shirin Asaadi, Yibo Ma, Eveliina Netti, Pirjo Kääriainen, Anders Persson, Anders Berntsson, Michael Hummel, Herbert Sixta. Ioncell-F: ionic liquid-based cellulosic textile fibers as an alternative to viscose and Lyocell. Textile Research Journal. 2015; 86 (5):543-552.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnne Michud; Marjaana Tanttu; Shirin Asaadi; Yibo Ma; Eveliina Netti; Pirjo Kääriainen; Anders Persson; Anders Berntsson; Michael Hummel; Herbert Sixta. 2015. "Ioncell-F: ionic liquid-based cellulosic textile fibers as an alternative to viscose and Lyocell." Textile Research Journal 86, no. 5: 543-552.
Natural fibers today are a popular choice for applications in composite manufacturing. Based on the sustainability benefits, biofibers such as plant fibers are replacing synthetic fibers in composites. These fibers are used to manufacture several biocomposites. The chemical composition and properties of each of the fibers changes, which demands the detailed comparison of these fibers. The reinforcement potential of natural fibers and their properties have been described in numerous papers. Today, high performance biocomposites are produced from several years of research. Plant fibers, particularly bast and leaf, find applications in automotive industries. While most of the other fibers are explored in lab scales they have not yet found large-scale commercial applications. It is necessary to also consider other fibers such as ones made from seed (coir) and animals (chicken feather) as they are secondary or made from waste products. Few plant fibers such as bast fibers are often reviewed briefly but other plant and animal fibers are not discussed in detail. This review paper discusses all the six types of plant fibers such as bast, leaf, seed, straw, grass, and wood, together with animal fibers and regenerated cellulose fibers. Additionally, the review considers developments dealing with natural fibers and their composites. The fiber source, extraction, availability, type, composition, and mechanical properties are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of using each biofiber are discussed. Three fabric architectures such as nonwoven, woven and knitted have been briefly discussed. Finally, the paper presents the overview of the results from the composites made from each fiber with suitable references for in-depth studies.
Sunil Kumar Ramamoorthy; Mikael Skrifvars; Anders Persson. A Review of Natural Fibers Used in Biocomposites: Plant, Animal and Regenerated Cellulose Fibers. Polymer Reviews 2015, 55, 107 -162.
AMA StyleSunil Kumar Ramamoorthy, Mikael Skrifvars, Anders Persson. A Review of Natural Fibers Used in Biocomposites: Plant, Animal and Regenerated Cellulose Fibers. Polymer Reviews. 2015; 55 (1):107-162.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSunil Kumar Ramamoorthy; Mikael Skrifvars; Anders Persson. 2015. "A Review of Natural Fibers Used in Biocomposites: Plant, Animal and Regenerated Cellulose Fibers." Polymer Reviews 55, no. 1: 107-162.
Polyester (PET) has wide applications in textile industries as textile fiber and its share continues to grow. Substantial quantities of cotton/polyester blend fabrics are disposed every year due to technical challenges, which pose a big environmental and waste‐dumping problem. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of discarded cotton/PET fabrics as raw materials for composites. If their inherent reinforcement properties can be used in composites, an ecological footprint issue can be solved. In this study, we investigate three concepts for reuse of cotton/PET fabrics for composites: compression molding above the Tm of PETs, use of a matrix derived from renewable soybean oil, use of thermoplastic copolyester/polyester bi‐component fibers as matrix. All three concepts have been explored to make them available for wider applications. The effects of processing parameters such as compression temperature, time and pressure are considered in all three cases. The third concept gives the most appealing properties, which combine good tensile properties with toughness; more than four times better tensile strength than the first concept; and 2.2 times better than the second concept. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40687.
Sunil Kumar Ramamoorthy; Anders Persson; Mikael O V Skrifvars. Reusing textile waste as reinforcements in composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2014, 131, 1 .
AMA StyleSunil Kumar Ramamoorthy, Anders Persson, Mikael O V Skrifvars. Reusing textile waste as reinforcements in composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 2014; 131 (17):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSunil Kumar Ramamoorthy; Anders Persson; Mikael O V Skrifvars. 2014. "Reusing textile waste as reinforcements in composites." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 131, no. 17: 1.
The influence of a filler on melt-mixed conducting polymer blends of poly(3-octylthiophene) (POT) has been examined with respect to their morphology, rheology, conductivity and acid-base properties. The matrix polymers used were low density polyethylene (LDPE), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and the filler was non-conducting aluminum borate whiskers. These blends show two-phase behavior when examined by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the adhesion at the polymer-filler interface in combination with the viscosity ratios between the polymers exerts a considerable influence on the morphology and hence on the conductivity. For the PE/POT blends, addition of whiskers changed the morphology and increased the conductivity by several orders of magnitude. The conductivity of blends with PVC was almost unchanged while the conductivity of PMMA blends slightly decreased upon addition of whiskers. The interactions between whiskers and the polymers used decreased in the order: PMMA > POT > PVC > PE. This is in accordance with the Lewis acid-base properties determined by inverse gas chromatography.
Nils Ljungqvist; Thomas Hjertberg; Anders L. Persson; Hans Bertilsson. Enhanced conductivity in conducting polymer blends induced by aluminum borate whiskers. Composite Interfaces 1997, 5, 11 -29.
AMA StyleNils Ljungqvist, Thomas Hjertberg, Anders L. Persson, Hans Bertilsson. Enhanced conductivity in conducting polymer blends induced by aluminum borate whiskers. Composite Interfaces. 1997; 5 (1):11-29.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNils Ljungqvist; Thomas Hjertberg; Anders L. Persson; Hans Bertilsson. 1997. "Enhanced conductivity in conducting polymer blends induced by aluminum borate whiskers." Composite Interfaces 5, no. 1: 11-29.
The effects of aluminum borate whiskers on melt mixed poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)/polyamide 6 (SAN-PA6) blends have been investigated. With SAN as the major component, scanning electron microscopy reveals that PA6 creates a continuous phase with the whiskers, i.e a co-continuous morphology is created. For the inverse system, with PA6 as the major component, this effect does not occur. The interactions between PA6-whiskers and SAN-whiskers have been quantified as Lewis acid-base properties using inverse gas chromatography (IGC) at infinite dilution. Interactions between whiskers in PA6 are much stronger than between whiskers in SAN. The morphology of blends with SAN as the majority component is not stable at high shear rates. This can be explained by the rheological characteristics of the components, i.e. a crossover point in viscosity as a function of shear rate.
Anders L. Persson; Hans Bertilsson. Morphological effects in SAN-PA6 blends induced by aluminum borate whiskers. Composite Interfaces 1995, 3, 321 -332.
AMA StyleAnders L. Persson, Hans Bertilsson. Morphological effects in SAN-PA6 blends induced by aluminum borate whiskers. Composite Interfaces. 1995; 3 (4):321-332.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnders L. Persson; Hans Bertilsson. 1995. "Morphological effects in SAN-PA6 blends induced by aluminum borate whiskers." Composite Interfaces 3, no. 4: 321-332.