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This study evaluates the efficacy of two plant-based feed supplementations to fight colibacillosis in weanlings. A total of 96 piglets (32 pens) were assigned to four diets: a control diet (T1) or supplemented with ZnO (2500 ppm Zn) (T2) or two different plant supplements, T3 (1 kg/t; based on essential oils) and T4 (T3 + 1.5 kg/t based on non-volatile compounds). After one week, animals were challenged with ETEC F4, and 8 days after, one animal per pen was euthanized. Performance, clinical signs, microbial analysis, inflammatory response, intestinal morphology, and ileal gene expression were assessed. ZnO improved daily gains 4 days after challenge, T3 and T4 showing intermediate values (96, 249, 170, and 157 g/d for T1, T2, T3, and T4, p = 0.035). Fecal lactobacilli were higher with T3 and T4 compared to ZnO (7.55, 6.26, 8.71, and 8.27 cfu/gFM; p = 0.0007) and T3 increased the lactobacilli/coliforms ratio (p = 0.002). T4 was associated with lower levels of Pig-MAP (p = 0.07) and increases in villus/crypt ratio (1.49, 1.90, 1.73, and 1.84; p = 0.009). Moreover, T4 was associated with an upregulation of the REG3G gene (p = 0.013; pFDR = 0.228) involved in the immune response induced by enteric pathogens. In conclusion, both plant supplements enhanced animal response in front of an ETEC F4 challenge probably based on different modes of action.
Daniel Montoya; Matilde D’Angelo; Susana Martín-Orúe; Agustina Rodríguez-Sorrento; Mireia Saladrigas-García; Coralie Araujo; Thibaut Chabrillat; Sylvain Kerros; Lorena Castillejos. Effectiveness of Two Plant-Based In-Feed Additives against an Escherichia coli F4 Oral Challenge in Weaned Piglets. Animals 2021, 11, 2024 .
AMA StyleDaniel Montoya, Matilde D’Angelo, Susana Martín-Orúe, Agustina Rodríguez-Sorrento, Mireia Saladrigas-García, Coralie Araujo, Thibaut Chabrillat, Sylvain Kerros, Lorena Castillejos. Effectiveness of Two Plant-Based In-Feed Additives against an Escherichia coli F4 Oral Challenge in Weaned Piglets. Animals. 2021; 11 (7):2024.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Montoya; Matilde D’Angelo; Susana Martín-Orúe; Agustina Rodríguez-Sorrento; Mireia Saladrigas-García; Coralie Araujo; Thibaut Chabrillat; Sylvain Kerros; Lorena Castillejos. 2021. "Effectiveness of Two Plant-Based In-Feed Additives against an Escherichia coli F4 Oral Challenge in Weaned Piglets." Animals 11, no. 7: 2024.
Short and medium-chain fatty acids (SCFA and MCFA, respectively) are commonly used as feed additives in piglets to promote health and prevent post-weaning diarrhoea. Considering that the mechanism and site of action of these fatty acids can differ, a combined supplementation could result in a synergistic action. Considering this, it was aimed to assess the potential of two new in-feed additives based on butyrate or heptanoate, protected with sodium salts of MCFA from coconut distillates, against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4+ using an experimental disease model. Two independent trials were performed in 48 early-weaned piglets fed a control diet (CTR) or a diet supplemented with MCFA-protected sodium butyrate (BUT+; Trial 1) or sodium heptanoate (HPT+; Trial 2). After 1 week of adaptation, piglets were challenged with a single oral inoculum of ETEC F4+ (minimum 1.4 · 109 cfu). One animal per pen was euthanised on days 4 and 8 post-inoculation (PI) and the following variables assessed: growth performance, clinical signs, gut fermentation, intestinal morphology, inflammatory mediators, pathogen excretion and colon microbiota. None of the additives recovered growth performance or reduced diarrhoea when compared to the respective negative controls. However, both elicited different responses against ETEC F4+. The BUT+ additive did not lead to reduce E. coli F4 colonisation but enterobacterial counts and goblet cell numbers in the ileum were increased on day 8 PI and this followed higher serum TNF-α concentrations on day 4 PI. The Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio was nevertheless increased. Findings in the HPT+ treatment trial included fewer animals featuring E. coli F4 in the colon and reduced Enterobacteriaceae (determined by 16S RNA sequencing) on day 4 PI. In addition, while goblet cell numbers were lower on day 8 PI, total SCFA levels were reduced in the colon. Results indicate the efficacy of MCFA-protected heptanoate against ETEC F4+ and emphasise the potential trophic effect of MCFA-protected butyrate on the intestinal epithelium likely reinforcing the gut barrier.
Paola López-Colom; Lorena Castillejos; Agustina Rodríguez-Sorrento; Mónica Puyalto; Juan José Mallo; Susana M. Martín-Orúe. Impact of in-feed sodium butyrate or sodium heptanoate protected with medium-chain fatty acids on gut health in weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli F4+. Archives of Animal Nutrition 2020, 74, 271 -295.
AMA StylePaola López-Colom, Lorena Castillejos, Agustina Rodríguez-Sorrento, Mónica Puyalto, Juan José Mallo, Susana M. Martín-Orúe. Impact of in-feed sodium butyrate or sodium heptanoate protected with medium-chain fatty acids on gut health in weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli F4+. Archives of Animal Nutrition. 2020; 74 (4):271-295.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaola López-Colom; Lorena Castillejos; Agustina Rodríguez-Sorrento; Mónica Puyalto; Juan José Mallo; Susana M. Martín-Orúe. 2020. "Impact of in-feed sodium butyrate or sodium heptanoate protected with medium-chain fatty acids on gut health in weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli F4+." Archives of Animal Nutrition 74, no. 4: 271-295.