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Shabbir Hussain
Central Analytical Facility Division (CAFD), Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), P. O. Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan

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Journal article
Published: 26 November 2020 in Foods
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The prime objective of the current study was to investigate the occurrence of mycotoxin patulin (PAT) in apples, grapes and their value added products. PAT was determined by a validated method based on HPLC with UV detector. A total of 381 samples comprising apple and grape fruits (n = 133 each), apple-based products (n = 76, juice, puree, jam) and grape juice (n = 39) were analyzed. PAT was found in 58.9% samples of apple and apple-based products, with a mean of 49.8 µg/kg (maximum 396 µg/kg), while 27.3% samples contained PAT beyond the maximum regulatory limit of 50 µg/kg. The average levels of PAT contamination in apple-derived products was higher in apple juice concentrate, followed by apple puree, apple juice and apple jam. The incidence of PAT in table grapes was 65.1%, with a mean of 53.9 µg/kg (maximum 505 µg/kg), whereas 23.8% exceeded the maximum level. Among the fruit samples, there were differences in PAT contents due to apple variety (6 types) or grape variety (8 types), as well as for sampling location. Our investigations showed the wide PAT occurrence in fruits and derived value-added products affecting consumer product safety, so that the population is chronically exposed to this toxin.

ACS Style

Shabbir Hussain; Muhammad Rafique Asi; Mazhar Iqbal; Muhammad Akhtar; Muhammad Imran; Agustín Ariño. Surveillance of Patulin in Apple, Grapes, Juices and Value-Added Products for Sale in Pakistan. Foods 2020, 9, 1744 .

AMA Style

Shabbir Hussain, Muhammad Rafique Asi, Mazhar Iqbal, Muhammad Akhtar, Muhammad Imran, Agustín Ariño. Surveillance of Patulin in Apple, Grapes, Juices and Value-Added Products for Sale in Pakistan. Foods. 2020; 9 (12):1744.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shabbir Hussain; Muhammad Rafique Asi; Mazhar Iqbal; Muhammad Akhtar; Muhammad Imran; Agustín Ariño. 2020. "Surveillance of Patulin in Apple, Grapes, Juices and Value-Added Products for Sale in Pakistan." Foods 9, no. 12: 1744.

Journal article
Published: 16 January 2020 in Toxins
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The objective of the study was to explore the incidence of patulin (PAT) mycotoxin in mango and orange fruits and derived products marketed in Pakistan. A total of 274 samples, including 70 mango fruits, 63 mango-based products (juices, pulp, and jam), 77 orange fruits, and 64 orange-based products, were collected. PAT was determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-Vis detector (276 nm). Linear detector response was observed (R2 > 0.99), the limit of detection (LOD) was 5 µg/kg and recovery percentage was 97.4%. The incidence of PAT in mango samples was 61.7%, and the concentration ranged from

ACS Style

Shabbir Hussain; Muhammad Rafique Asi; Mazhar Iqbal; Nisha Khalid; Syed Wajih-Ul-Hassan; Agustín Ariño. Patulin Mycotoxin in Mango and Orange Fruits, Juices, Pulps, and Jams Marketed in Pakistan. Toxins 2020, 12, 52 .

AMA Style

Shabbir Hussain, Muhammad Rafique Asi, Mazhar Iqbal, Nisha Khalid, Syed Wajih-Ul-Hassan, Agustín Ariño. Patulin Mycotoxin in Mango and Orange Fruits, Juices, Pulps, and Jams Marketed in Pakistan. Toxins. 2020; 12 (1):52.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shabbir Hussain; Muhammad Rafique Asi; Mazhar Iqbal; Nisha Khalid; Syed Wajih-Ul-Hassan; Agustín Ariño. 2020. "Patulin Mycotoxin in Mango and Orange Fruits, Juices, Pulps, and Jams Marketed in Pakistan." Toxins 12, no. 1: 52.