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Fences have been widely implemented to reduce the risk of wildlife–vehicle collisions, wildlife disease spread, and crop damage. To manufacture fences, it is imperative to assess the behavioural responses of the target species. Here, we investigated the success rate of fences and classified eight behavioural responses of Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) to different fence heights. We explored the association of 801 behavioural responses and defined a threshold based on 40 events by applying non-metric multidimensional scaling and a binary logistic generalised linear mixed model. With fences lower and higher than 1.2 m, recession and rest were the dominant behaviours, respectively, before the deer crossed the fences by performing vertical and running jumps. Considering all independent events, 0.9 m was the marginal threshold, with highly variable outliers over this value. Placing exit pathways for deer and eliminating possible resting areas outside fences are essential for reducing the number of successful jump attempts. The optimal fence height could differ based on conditional factors; however, we recommend a height of 1.5 m considering the cost and roadkill risk. In conclusion, exploring and classifying the behavioural responses of the target species may be critical for establishing appropriate fence protocols.
Hee-Bok Park; Donggul Woo; Tae Choi; Sungwon Hong. Assessment of the Behavioural Response of Korean Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) to Different Fence Heights. Animals 2021, 11, 938 .
AMA StyleHee-Bok Park, Donggul Woo, Tae Choi, Sungwon Hong. Assessment of the Behavioural Response of Korean Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) to Different Fence Heights. Animals. 2021; 11 (4):938.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHee-Bok Park; Donggul Woo; Tae Choi; Sungwon Hong. 2021. "Assessment of the Behavioural Response of Korean Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) to Different Fence Heights." Animals 11, no. 4: 938.
Roads are notable and responsible for the loss of biodiversity and disruption of wildlife habitats connectivity. Wildlife crossing structures (WCS) help wildlife move between habitats by connecting fragmented habitats. Their effectiveness is affected by various factors. Here, to identify methods for improving the effectiveness of wildlife crossing structures, we controlled the effect of intrinsic factors, such as size, that are difficult to improve in an already installed area, and then, evaluated the differences in extrinsic factors using 12 landscape characteristics. Our results show that 18 wildlife crossing structures were selected with propensity-score (PS) matching method. The surrounding landscape characteristics differed between high-effectiveness wildlife crossing structures and low-effectiveness wildlife crossing structures. Particularly, there was a significant difference between the ‘statutory protected area’ and the ‘edge’ index of the morphological spatial pattern analysis among the landscape characteristic variables derived within 1 km2 of wildlife crossing structures. We empirically demonstrate that characteristics around highly effective WCS, statutory protected areas are widely distributed, and the ratio of edge of MSPA is low (within 1 km2). Therefore, an important outcome of our research is the demonstration that management of WCS itself is important, but conservation of surrounding habitats and landscape management plans are also significant.
Hyunjin Seo; Chulhyun Choi; Kyeongjun Lee; Donggul Woo. Landscape Characteristics Based on Effectiveness of Wildlife Crossing Structures in South Korea. Sustainability 2021, 13, 675 .
AMA StyleHyunjin Seo, Chulhyun Choi, Kyeongjun Lee, Donggul Woo. Landscape Characteristics Based on Effectiveness of Wildlife Crossing Structures in South Korea. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):675.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyunjin Seo; Chulhyun Choi; Kyeongjun Lee; Donggul Woo. 2021. "Landscape Characteristics Based on Effectiveness of Wildlife Crossing Structures in South Korea." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 675.