Medical imaging is the process of visual representation of different tissues and organs of the human body to monitor the normal and abnormal anatomy and physiology of the body. There are many medical imaging techniques used for this purpose such as X‐ray, computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), digital mammography, and diagnostic sonography. These advanced medical imaging techniques have many applications in the diagnosis of myocardial diseases, cancer of different tissues, neurological disorders, congenital heart disease, abdominal illnesses, complex bone fractures, and other serious medical conditions. There are benefits as well as some risks to every imaging technique. There are some steps for minimizing the radiation exposure risks from imaging techniques. Advance medical imaging modalities such as PET/CT hybrid, three‐dimensional ultrasound computed tomography (3D USCT), and simultaneous PET/MRI give high resolution, better reliability, and safety to diagnose, treat, and manage complex patient abnormalities. These techniques ensure the production of new accurate imaging tools with improving resolution, sensitivity, and specificity. In the future, with mounting innovations and advancements in technology systems, the medical diagnostic field will become a field of regular measurement of various complex diseases and will provide healthcare solutions.

Objectives: Workplace safety is essential to occupational health practices among healthcare providers, especially for nurses vulnerable to work-related hazards such as needle stick and sharp injuries. In Yemen, the underestimation and absence of reporting system and lack of health supplies in a collapsed health system exacerbated the needle stick and sharp injuries. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and associated factors of needle stick and sharp injuries among nurses in Taiz, Yemen. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 151 nurses working in three public hospitals in Taiz City. A semi-structured questionnaire was designed and delivered to the participants. Results: The prevalence of needle stick and sharp injuries among nurses was very high (95.36%), and around half were injured more than five times. Female nurses and those in an emergency department were more likely to be subjected to needle stick and sharp injuries ( p = 0.018 and 0.021, respectively). Needle stick was the most common cause of injury (62.77%), and the fingers were the most exposed injury site (79.17%). Non-reporting injuries were very high (73.61%), and only one-third (34.21%) of them proceeded in the process of management, and less than one-quarter (23.68%) had been vaccinated. Conclusion: The prevalence of needle stick and sharp injuries among nurses in Taiz was very high, and determined by gender and place of work. Post-injury reporting and precautions were poor, which may increase the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections among clients and healthcare providers.

A series of hitherto unreported anthracene-embedded dispirooxindoles has been synthesized via a one-pot three-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of an azomethine ylide, generated in situ from the reaction of isatin and sarcosine to 10-benzylideneanthracen-9(10H)-one as a dipolarophile in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide([bmim]Br), an ionic liquid. This reaction proceeded regio- and diastereoselectively, in good to excellent yields.

The traditional antidiabetic plant Viscum album (V. album) was collected from the oak plant in the wild at Maidan, Khyber District, of Pakistan, for assessment of its antidiabetic potential and phytochemical profile. Lowering of blood glucose level, antioxidant effect, lipids profile, liver function marker enzymes, and kidney function markers were evaluated in extract and glibenclamide treated groups, in normal as well as in diabetic control groups. An elevated level of blood glucose level, lipids (Cholesterol, TG, LDL), liver function marker enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP), and kidney function markers (bilirubin, creatinine, urea) were observed in alloxan-induced diabetic rats; however, a HDL level was decreased. Administration of V. album hydroalcoholic extract for 28 days renovated significantly ( ) all the above biochemical parameters. The antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and GP_X were also considerably restored. In vitro, antioxidant assay indicated that the extract of 2,000 µg/mL scavenges free radicals of DPPH 68.4%, ABTS 69.5%, and H₂O₂ 50.6%. The extracts revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpene, tannins, phenols, protein, amino acids, sterols, and glycosides. The extract has shown phenolic contents 421 ± 4.8 mg GAE/100 g d. w and flavonoids content 127 ± 1.4 mg equiv. Rut/100 g d. w. The findings of this research recommend V. album could be a potent source of natural antidiabetic constituents.

The present work aimed to determine the difference in the chemical composition of essential oils isolated from two parts of Cupressus arizonica and to evaluate their in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. The yields of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the leaves and cones were 0.85 and 1.29, respectively. The chemical analysis of the constituents of the two essential oils of Cupressus arizonica was carried out by using the GC and GC/MS techniques. The results of this analysis show that the leaves are dominated by cis-muurola-4 (14), 5-diene (21.27), umbellulone (19.88), α-pinene (9.39), and α-muurolene (7.877); on the other hand, the cones are rich in α-pinene (51.07) accompanied by other variable content constituents, myrcene (17.92), limonene (9.66), β-pinene (4.92), meta-cymenene (2.6), and α-terpineol (2.38). The antimicrobial activity against four bacterial strains, four wood decay fungi, and three mould strains were determined using the agar-agar dispersion method. The studied essential oils exhibited moderate antimicrobial properties, which demonstrates the sensibility of all strains tested with the exception of wood rot fungi to which they do not have activity against all concentrations tested. The dosage of antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH scavenging and ferric ion reducing power (FRAP). The results indicate that the essential oils from cones of Cupressus arizonica possess a strong antioxidant activity (lower IC₅₀) IC₅₀=0.098±0.008/EC₅₀=0.646±0.02) in comparison with those from the leaves (IC₅₀=5.297±0.09/EC₅₀=2.335±0.36). The results suggest that both essential oils could be used as a source of treatment for bacterial infections and also as natural antioxidant substances.

This research work was focused on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag‐NPs) employing an aqueous plant extract of Ifloga spicata. The extract of plant used in the silver nanoparticle synthesis served as a stabilizing and reducing agent. The silver nanoparticles were characterized via various techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD) technique, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, and UV‐visible spectroscopy. The FT‐IR analysis showed an identification of functional groups of biomolecules present in plant extract like O‐H stretching of phenolic compounds and the C‐H stretch of alkanes, C=O is stretching vibration of carbonyl, C‐N is stretching of amines and amides, and the C‐O is stretching of ester that facilitates the formation of Ag‐NPs. The spherical geometry and crystalline morphology with an average crystal size of 15‐28 nm of Ag‐NPs were revealed using SEM and XRD analysis, respectively. The stability of Ag‐NPs was checked through changing the pH and temperature of the reaction mixture. It was examined that synthesized Ag‐NPs were stable at 60°C temperatures and nearly neutral pH 8. The synthesized Ag‐NPs also exhibit potential antibacterial activity that were investigated against a selected bacterial pathogens, like E. aerogens, B. bronchiseptica, and S. typhimurium. The silver nanoparticles exhibited a maximum zone of inhibition of 18.1 ± 1.73 mm, 14.3 ± 1.18 mm, and 19.5 ± 1.30 mm against E. aerogens, B. bronchiseptica, S. typhimurium, respectively. The synthesized Ag‐NPs exhibit promising protein kinase inhibition at 200 (μg/mL) as compared to plant extracts.