The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic properties of hydro alcoholic extract and supernatant fraction of the roots of Anogeissus leiocarpus, a plant used by traditional healers to treat Diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of Streptozocin to Sprague Dawley rats under a fructose-enriched fat diet. Diabetic rats were treated with 500 mg/kg of total extract and 100 mg/kg of supernatant. The antidiabetic activity was assessed by measuring blood glucose level, lipid profile, insulin and biochemical parameters together with the antioxidant potential. The administration of total extract and supernatant exhibited significant decrease (p < 0.01) of the blood glucose level in the diabetic rats after 7 days of treatment compared to the diabetic rats. A significant reduction in the serum concentrations of cholesterol (19.7 %) and triglycerides (56.7 %) was observed in the treated diabetic rats. The levels of insulin did not differ across all the groups. However, compared to diabetic rats, HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin-resistance) and HOMA-β (Homeostasis Model Assessment for β cell function) showed a statistical decrease in insulin resistance and an increase in pancreatic β cell function in the treated diabetic rats. Moreover, total extract and supernatant significantly increased GSH level and decreased lipid peroxidation because of their antioxidant properties. In comparison, the supernatant fraction exerted stronger antidiabetic and antioxidant effects than the total extract. Hence, the roots of Anogeissus leiocarpus are a potent antidiabetic agent that can be developed as an alternative medicine for diabetes and its complications.

Anogeissus leiocarpus (Combretaceae) is a medicinal plant used by traditional practitioners to treat people living with diabetes mellitus in Togo. The objective of this work was to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity of the plant. The hydroalcoholic extract and fractions of A. leiocarpus roots was evaluated on hyperglycemic mice by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and on normoglycemic mice. The effect of the total extract and fractions was also measured on the adsorption and absorption of glucose respectively in vitro and ex vivo. At 30 minutes after glucose overload, the total extract and all fractions (supernatant and pellet) significantly (p< 0.0001) reduced hyperglycemia compared to controls. However, this reduction in hyperglycemia was greater in mice treated with the supernatant fraction at 100 mg.kg-1 during 180 minutes (p < 0.01). In our conditions, the extract at the 500 mg.kg-1 of the total extract in normoglycemic mice did not significantly decrease (p>0.05) basal blood glucose levels compared to controls. In vitro, the extract and fractions of A. leiocarpus adsorbed glucose and inhibited glucose intestinal absorption ex vivo. The results of this study support the use of A. leiocarpus as an antidiabetic plant. Keywords: Anogeissus leiocarpus- fractions- antihyperglycemic- adsorption – absorption.

Anogeissus leiocarpus (Combretaceae) is a medicinal plant used in Togo to treat diabetes mellitus and others diseases. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of total extract and fractions of roots of Anogeissus leiocarpus.

Background. Belonging to the family of Combretaceae, the roots of Anogeissus leiocarpus are traditionally used to treat diabetes, wounds, infections, pain, and gastrointestinal diseases. To our knowledge, no genotoxicity assessment of the plant was reported. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the potential genotoxic and protective effects of extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus roots using the micronucleus test on mice bone marrow cells in vivo. Methods. Three different concentrations (250, 500, and 1000 mg·kg−1) of hydroalcoholic extract of roots of A. leiocarpus were administered daily for 7 days per os to mice, and the genotoxicity was induced by the administration ip of cyclophosphamide. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity were evaluated by counting, respectively, the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes and polychromatic erythrocytes to total erythrocytes in the bone marrow of mice. Results. The administration of A. leiocarpus did neither increase the ratio of the polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) nor the frequency of micronucleated PCE (MNPCE) significantly in the bone marrow cells of the mice, compared to the vehicle control animals. However, a significant increase in the incidence of MNPCE in the bone marrow cell of the cyclophosphamide-treated mice was found. Moreover, in the groups treated with the total extract of A. leiocarpus at different doses plus cyclophosphamide, there was a significant decrease $\left(p<0.0001\right)$ in MNPCEs compared to the positive controls, in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion. This first finding reports that the extract of A. leiocarpus was neither genotoxic nor cytotoxic. However, it shows a protective effect against the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide.

Genus of the family of Combretacae, Anogeissus leiocarpus is a tropical plant widely used to treat many diseases in traditional medicines. This study was investigated to assess the acute and subchronic toxicity of the hydro alcoholic extract of roots of Anogeissus leiocarpus. In the acute test, the limit test dose of 5000 mg.kg⁻¹ was administered orally to three Sprague Dawley female rats and then observed individually 1 h post-dosing, and at least twice daily for 14 days. The subchronic toxicity study was conducted by daily oral administration at doses of 500 and 1000 mg.kg⁻¹ to both sexes of rats during 28 days. At the end of experimentation, general clinical signs, mortality, haematological, biochemical and histopathological assessments were carried out. The limit dose of 5000 mg.kg⁻¹ did not cause any mortality in the rats tested during the observation period. This suggests that the median Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) is higher than 5000 mg.kg⁻¹ by oral administration in rats. In subchronic toxicity study, no abnormalities in body weight, food consumption, clinical signs, serum biochemistry, electrolytes, hematology, organ weights, and in histopathological examination were revealed in both sexes of rats treated with roots of Anogeissus leiocarpus at the doses of 500 and 1000 mg.kg⁻¹. Based on these results, we concluded that roots of Anogeissus leiocarpus are safe to be used as a medicinal plant.