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Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a broad-range chemical catalyst that is receiving rapidly increasing attention recently due to its role as a signaling molecule in various plant physiological and biochemical processes. A study was carried out to investigate the effects of H2O2 on the plant physiology, root growth, mineral nutrient accumulation, root anatomy, and nematode control of Ficus deltoidea, a slow growing shade tolerant and nematode susceptible medicinal plant. H2O2 at 0 (control), 15, 30, 60, and 90 mM was injected into the root zone of plants weekly. The results showed that the treatment of H2O2 enhanced the accumulation of pigments, photosynthetic characteristics, and quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of F. deltoidea. H2O2 at a 90 mM treatment significantly increased seedling height, leaf number, syconium number, biomass yield, relative water content, leaf dry matter, leaf moisture, and live line fuel moisture of the plant by 1.35-, 3.02-, 3.60-, 5.13-, 1.21-, 1.12-, 1.79- and 1.06-fold, respectively, over the control plant. In addition, root growth, which includes root crown diameter, root length, root volume, root tips, number of roots and root biomass, also exhibited the highest values with an application of 90 mM of H2O2. Heavy metals arsenic (As+) and antimony (Sb+) content in the leaves decreased by 4.08-and 1.63-fold, respectively, in the 60 mM H2O2 treated plant when compared to the control plant. In addition, 90 mM H2O2 was the best treatment for magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), and sodium (Na+) mineral accumulation in the syconium of F. deltoidea. Treatments with 60 mM H2O2 increased magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), and potassium (K+) content in leaves by 14%, 19%, and 15%, respectively, over the control plant. In the study of controlling root-knot nematode, both control and 15 mM treatments produced many root galls, whereas, 60 mM H2O2 treatment produced fewer tiny root galls and 90 mM of H2O2 showed no root gall formation. H2O2 treatments reduced root gall size, root/shoot ratio, and increased the shoot biomass of plants. The treated root developed an epidermal suberin, root periderm, resin duct, cortex, druses, and a well-developed vascular system compared to the control plants. Furthermore, no nematodes were observed in the roots of treated plants with 30–90 mM H2O2. The study concluded that injections of 60–90 mM H2O2 to the root zone weekly improved plant physiology, increased mineral accumulation, root growth and development, reduced root gall formation, improved root cellular structure, and controlled root-knot nematode of F. deltoidea plants.
Nurul Ralmi; Mohammad Khandaker; Khamsah Mohd; Ali Majrashi; Ahmed Fallatah; Noor Badaluddin; Nornasuha Yusoff; Khairil Mahmud; Mohamed Saifuddin; Normaniza Osman; Zanariah Mohd Nor. Influence of Rhizopheric H2O2 on Growth, Mineral Absorption, Root Anatomy and Nematode Infection of Ficus deltoidea. Agronomy 2021, 11, 704 .
AMA StyleNurul Ralmi, Mohammad Khandaker, Khamsah Mohd, Ali Majrashi, Ahmed Fallatah, Noor Badaluddin, Nornasuha Yusoff, Khairil Mahmud, Mohamed Saifuddin, Normaniza Osman, Zanariah Mohd Nor. Influence of Rhizopheric H2O2 on Growth, Mineral Absorption, Root Anatomy and Nematode Infection of Ficus deltoidea. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (4):704.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNurul Ralmi; Mohammad Khandaker; Khamsah Mohd; Ali Majrashi; Ahmed Fallatah; Noor Badaluddin; Nornasuha Yusoff; Khairil Mahmud; Mohamed Saifuddin; Normaniza Osman; Zanariah Mohd Nor. 2021. "Influence of Rhizopheric H2O2 on Growth, Mineral Absorption, Root Anatomy and Nematode Infection of Ficus deltoidea." Agronomy 11, no. 4: 704.
In the present study, a mixed culture from a local agricultural soil sample was isolated for Metanil Yellow (MY) dye decolorization. The metagenomic analysis confirmed that 42.6% has been dominated by genus Bacillus, while Acinetobacter (14.0%) is present in the microbial communities of the mixed culture. For fungi diversity analysis, around 97.0% was “unclassified” fungi and 3% was Candida. The preliminary investigation in minimal salt media (MSM) showed that 100% decolorization was achieved after 24 h of incubation. Response surface methodology (RSM) was successfully applied using Box-Behnken design (BBD) to study the effect of four independent parameters—MY dye concentration, glucose concentration, ammonium sulfate concentration, and pH—on MY dye decolorization by the mixed bacterial culture. The optimal conditions predicted by the desirability function were 73 mg/L of MY, 1.934% glucose, 0.433 g/L of ammonium sulfate, and a pH of 7.097, with 97.551% decolorization The correlation coefficients (R2 and R2 adj) of 0.913 and 0.825 indicate that the established model is suitable to predict the effectiveness of dye decolorization under the investigated condition. The MY decolorization of the mixed bacterial culture was not affected by the addition of heavy metals in the growth media. Among the 10 heavy metals tested, only copper gave 56.19% MY decolorization, whereas the others gave almost 100% decolorization. The decolorization potential of the mixed bacterial culture indicates that it could be effective for future bioremediation of soil-contaminated sites and treatment solutions of water bodies polluted with the MY dye.
Fatin Muliadi; Mohd Halmi; Samsuri Wahid; Siti Gani; Uswatun Zaidan; Khairil Mahmud; Mohd Abd Shukor. Biostimulation of Microbial Communities from Malaysian Agricultural Soil for Detoxification of Metanil Yellow Dye; a Response Surface Methodological Approach. Sustainability 2020, 13, 138 .
AMA StyleFatin Muliadi, Mohd Halmi, Samsuri Wahid, Siti Gani, Uswatun Zaidan, Khairil Mahmud, Mohd Abd Shukor. Biostimulation of Microbial Communities from Malaysian Agricultural Soil for Detoxification of Metanil Yellow Dye; a Response Surface Methodological Approach. Sustainability. 2020; 13 (1):138.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFatin Muliadi; Mohd Halmi; Samsuri Wahid; Siti Gani; Uswatun Zaidan; Khairil Mahmud; Mohd Abd Shukor. 2020. "Biostimulation of Microbial Communities from Malaysian Agricultural Soil for Detoxification of Metanil Yellow Dye; a Response Surface Methodological Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 138.
In this study, the Metanil Yellow (MY) decolorizing mixed culture, namely FN3, has been isolated from agriculture soil. The mixed culture was immobilized using gellan gum. In order to optimize the immobilization process for maximal dye decolorization, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was performed. The optimal conditions for immobilization predicted by desirability function are 130 mg/L of MY dye concentration, 1.478% of gellan gum concentration, 50 beads and 0.6 cm of beads size with the percentage of decolorization of 90.378%. The correlation coefficients of the model (R2 and R2 adj) are 0.9767 and 0.9533, respectively. This indicates that the established model is suitable to predict the effectiveness of dye decolorization under the investigated condition. The immobilized beads of mixed culture FN3 were able to be reused up to 15 batches of decolorization. The immobilized cells also have high tolerance towards heavy metals. This was proven by higher dye decolorization rate by the immobilized cells even with the addition of heavy metals in the media. The decolorization potential of the mixed culture indicates that it could be useful for future bioremediation of soil contaminated sites and treatment solutions of water bodies polluted with MY dye.
Fatin Muliadi; Mohd Halmi; Samsuri Wahid; Siti Gani; Khairil Mahmud; Mohd Shukor. Immobilization of Metanil Yellow Decolorizing Mixed Culture FN3 Using Gelling Gum as Matrix for Bioremediation Application. Sustainability 2020, 13, 36 .
AMA StyleFatin Muliadi, Mohd Halmi, Samsuri Wahid, Siti Gani, Khairil Mahmud, Mohd Shukor. Immobilization of Metanil Yellow Decolorizing Mixed Culture FN3 Using Gelling Gum as Matrix for Bioremediation Application. Sustainability. 2020; 13 (1):36.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFatin Muliadi; Mohd Halmi; Samsuri Wahid; Siti Gani; Khairil Mahmud; Mohd Shukor. 2020. "Immobilization of Metanil Yellow Decolorizing Mixed Culture FN3 Using Gelling Gum as Matrix for Bioremediation Application." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 36.
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are affordable and reliable green technologies for the treatment of various types of wastewater. Compared to conventional treatment systems, CWs offer an environmentally friendly approach, are low cost, have fewer operational and maintenance requirements, and have a high potential for being applied in developing countries, particularly in small rural communities. However, the sustainable management and successful application of these systems remain a challenge. Therefore, after briefly providing basic information on wetlands and summarizing the classification and use of current CWs, this study aims to provide and inspire sustainable solutions for the performance and application of CWs by giving a comprehensive review of CWs’ application and the recent development of their sustainable design, operation, and optimization for wastewater treatment. To accomplish this objective, thee design and management parameters of CWs, including macrophyte species, media types, water level, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and hydraulic loading rate (HLR), are discussed. Besides these, future research on improving the stability and sustainability of CWs are highlighted. This article provides a tool for researchers and decision-makers for using CWs to treat wastewater in a particular area. This paper presents an aid for informed analysis, decision-making, and communication. The review indicates that major advances in the design, operation, and optimization of CWs have greatly increased contaminant removal efficiencies, and the sustainable application of this treatment system has also been improved.
Ekhlasur Rahman; Mohd Izuan Effendi Bin Halmi; Mohd Yusoff Bin Abd Samad; Kamal Uddin; Khairil Mahmud; Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor; Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah; S M Shamsuzzaman. Design, Operation and Optimization of Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pollutant. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 8339 .
AMA StyleEkhlasur Rahman, Mohd Izuan Effendi Bin Halmi, Mohd Yusoff Bin Abd Samad, Kamal Uddin, Khairil Mahmud, Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah, S M Shamsuzzaman. Design, Operation and Optimization of Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pollutant. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (22):8339.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEkhlasur Rahman; Mohd Izuan Effendi Bin Halmi; Mohd Yusoff Bin Abd Samad; Kamal Uddin; Khairil Mahmud; Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor; Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah; S M Shamsuzzaman. 2020. "Design, Operation and Optimization of Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pollutant." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22: 8339.
Aluminium (Al) hyper-accumulation is a common trait expressed by tropical woody plants growing on acidic soils. Studies on Al accumulators have suggested that Al addition may enhance plant growth rates, but the functional significance of this trait and the mechanistic basis of the growth response are uncertain. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that differential growth responses to Al among populations of an Al accumulator species are associated with variation in biomass allocation and nutrient uptake. We conducted two experiments to test differential responses to the presence of Al in the growth medium for seedlings of the Al accumulator shrub Melastoma malabathricum collected from 18 populations across Peninsular Malaysia. Total dry mass and relative growth rate of dry mass (RGR) were significantly greater for seedlings that had received Al in the growth medium than for control plants that did not receive Al, but growth declined in response to 5.0 mM Al addition. The increase in growth rate in response to Al addition was greater for a fast-growing than a slow-growing population. The increase in growth rate in response to Al addition occurred despite a reduction in dry mass allocation to leaves, at the expense of higher allocation to roots and stems, for plants grown with Al. Foliar concentrations of P, K, Mg and Ca increased in response to Al addition and the first axis of a PCA summarising foliar nutrient concentrations among populations was correlated positively with seedling relative growth rates. Some populations of the Al hyper-accumulator M. malabathricum express a physiological response to Al addition which leads to a stimulation of growth up to an optimum value of Al in the growth medium, beyond which growth declines. This was associated with enhanced nutrient concentrations in leaves, which suggests that Al accumulation functions to optimise elemental stoichiometry and growth rate.
Khairil Mahmud; David F R P Burslem. Contrasting growth responses to Aluminium addition among populations of the Aluminum accumulator Melastoma malabathricum L. AoB PLANTS 2020, 12, plaa049 .
AMA StyleKhairil Mahmud, David F R P Burslem. Contrasting growth responses to Aluminium addition among populations of the Aluminum accumulator Melastoma malabathricum L. AoB PLANTS. 2020; 12 (5):plaa049.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhairil Mahmud; David F R P Burslem. 2020. "Contrasting growth responses to Aluminium addition among populations of the Aluminum accumulator Melastoma malabathricum L." AoB PLANTS 12, no. 5: plaa049.
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is defined as a reactive oxygen species (ROS), able to cause damage to a variety of cellular structures. On the other hand, recent work has demonstrated that H2O2 can also act as a potent signaling molecule that mediates various physiological and biochemical processes in plants. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of H2O2 on the growth, mineral nutrient accumulation, as well as the biologic and chemical properties of Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea. F. deltoidea plants were spray-treated with 0- (control), 8-, 16-, 30- and 60-mM H2O2 under field conditions. Plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and quantum yield of the F. deltoidea plants significantly increased after treatment with 16 and 30-mM H2O2. The results indicate that 60-mM H2O2 increased the accumulation of arsenic, iron and sodium content in the leaves of F. deltoidea. On the other hand, 8-mM H2O2 significantly enhanced the accumulation of arsenic, iron, calcium and potassium content in the syconium of F. deltoidea plants. In addition, H2O2 treatment did not produce any significant effects on antimony and magnesium accumulation in the leaves or the syconium of F. deltoidea plants. The results show that the F. deltoidea plant has strong antidiabetic properties and its α-glucosidase activity increased in treated plants compared to standard acarbose. Hydrogen peroxide, particularly in concentrations of 16 and 30 mM, increased the antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content and the vitexin and isovitexin content. There was a positive correlation between antioxidant activity with total phenol and total flavonoid content in H2O2-treated plants. The quantitative analysis by HPTLC indicates that the amount of vitexin and isovitexin increased with the higher concentrations of H2O2. From this study, it can be concluded that spraying 16 and 30-mM H2O2 once a week enhances growth, mineral accumulation and stimulates bioactive compounds of the F. deltoidea plants.
Nik Nurnaeimah; Nashriyah Mat; Khamsah Suryati Mohd; Noor Afiza Badaluddin; Nornasuha Yusoff; Mohammad Hailmi Sajili; Khairil Mahmud; Ahmad Faris Mohd Adnan; Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker. The Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide on Plant Growth, Mineral Accumulation, as Well as Biological and Chemical Properties of Ficus deltoidea. Agronomy 2020, 10, 599 .
AMA StyleNik Nurnaeimah, Nashriyah Mat, Khamsah Suryati Mohd, Noor Afiza Badaluddin, Nornasuha Yusoff, Mohammad Hailmi Sajili, Khairil Mahmud, Ahmad Faris Mohd Adnan, Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker. The Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide on Plant Growth, Mineral Accumulation, as Well as Biological and Chemical Properties of Ficus deltoidea. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (4):599.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNik Nurnaeimah; Nashriyah Mat; Khamsah Suryati Mohd; Noor Afiza Badaluddin; Nornasuha Yusoff; Mohammad Hailmi Sajili; Khairil Mahmud; Ahmad Faris Mohd Adnan; Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker. 2020. "The Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide on Plant Growth, Mineral Accumulation, as Well as Biological and Chemical Properties of Ficus deltoidea." Agronomy 10, no. 4: 599.
Assessment of eco-toxicant using bioluminescent bacterial assay is a widely used and globally accepted method. In this work, a new luminescent bacterium was isolated from squid (Loligo duvauceli) and identified as Photobacterium leiognathi strain AK-MIE using 16S rRNA, phylogeny analysis. The predicted optimum conditions by RSM were 2.76% (w/v) NaCl, 2.28% (w/v) peptone, 0.34% (w/v) yeast extract, and pH 6.83 with 541,211.80 RLU of luminescent production whereas the predicted optimum conditions by ANN were 2.21% (w/v) NaCl, 2.27% (w/v) peptone, 0.39% (w/v) yeast extract, and pH 6.94 which produced 541,986.20 RLU. The validation analysis of both RSM and ANN show 0.60% and 0.69% deviation from the predicted results indicating that both models provided good quality predictions with ANN showing a superior data fitting capability for non-linear regression analysis. Toxicity tests show strain AK-MIE was sensitive to mercury (concentration causing 50% inhibition or IC50 of 0.00978 mgL−1), followed by cadmium (IC50 of 0.5288 mgL−1), copper IC50 of (0.8117 mgL−1), silver (IC50 of 1.109 mgL−1), and lead (IC50 of 10.71 mgL−1) which are more sensitive than previously isolated luminescent bacteria, suggesting that strain AK-MIE has the potential to be used in toxicity assessment of heavy metals in the environment. Based on the field trial results, several sediment samples from industrial areas in Bangi, Selangor managed to inhibit the bioluminescence of strain AK-MIE. Validation method carried out using ICP-MS proved the presence of several toxic heavy metal elements.
Adibah Kassim; Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan; Radziah Othman; Khairil Mahmud; Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor. Bioluminescent method for the rapid screening of toxic heayy metals in environmental samples using Photobacterium leiognathi strain AK-MIE. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2020, 196, 110527 .
AMA StyleAdibah Kassim, Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi, Siti Salwa Abd Gani, Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan, Radziah Othman, Khairil Mahmud, Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor. Bioluminescent method for the rapid screening of toxic heayy metals in environmental samples using Photobacterium leiognathi strain AK-MIE. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2020; 196 ():110527.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdibah Kassim; Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan; Radziah Othman; Khairil Mahmud; Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor. 2020. "Bioluminescent method for the rapid screening of toxic heayy metals in environmental samples using Photobacterium leiognathi strain AK-MIE." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 196, no. : 110527.
This study was carried out to investigate the regulatory effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the growth, photosynthesis, biochemical properties, leaf anatomy and Rubisco gene expression in Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea, a slow-growing medicinal herb. Results showed that 20-mM H2O2 treatment increased plant height, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content of the plants by 10%, 20%, 127% and 57%, respectively, than a control plant. In addition, 20 mM H2O2 treatment significantly increased the carotene, total phenolic, total flavonoid and total sugar content than the control plant. The applications of H2O2 did not produce any negative effects on the leaf area, chlorophyll fluorescence, quantum yield or antioxidant activity of F. deltoidea plants. In regard to leaf anatomy, it was observed that the applications of H2O2 at 15 mM significantly improved cellular structure, leaf veins and promoted cell proliferation. Treated leaves developed a palisade layer, thickened leaf surface, the widest stomatal openings and a well-developed vascular bundle when compared to the control plant. Employing reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the study showed that the Rubisco gene was expressed at a higher level in 15 mM H2O2 treatments than in 20 mM H2O2 treatments. The results indicate that H2O2 increased the Rubisco expression ratio up to 16-fold when compared to the untreated plants. It was conclusive that spraying 15 mM and 20 mM H2O2 twice a week enhanced growth, photosynthesis, the stomatal aperture, improved leaf anatomy and helped to regulate the expression of the Rubisco gene.
Rosnah Jamaludin; Nashriyah Mat; Khamsah Suryati Mohd; Noor Afiza Badaluddin; Khairil Mahmud; Mohammad Hailmi Sajili; Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker. Influence of Exogenous Hydrogen Peroxide on Plant Physiology, Leaf Anatomy and Rubisco Gene Expression of the Ficus deltoidea Jack var. Deltoidea. Agronomy 2020, 10, 497 .
AMA StyleRosnah Jamaludin, Nashriyah Mat, Khamsah Suryati Mohd, Noor Afiza Badaluddin, Khairil Mahmud, Mohammad Hailmi Sajili, Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker. Influence of Exogenous Hydrogen Peroxide on Plant Physiology, Leaf Anatomy and Rubisco Gene Expression of the Ficus deltoidea Jack var. Deltoidea. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (4):497.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRosnah Jamaludin; Nashriyah Mat; Khamsah Suryati Mohd; Noor Afiza Badaluddin; Khairil Mahmud; Mohammad Hailmi Sajili; Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker. 2020. "Influence of Exogenous Hydrogen Peroxide on Plant Physiology, Leaf Anatomy and Rubisco Gene Expression of the Ficus deltoidea Jack var. Deltoidea." Agronomy 10, no. 4: 497.