Molecular Psychiatry publishes work aimed at elucidating biological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders and their treatment

Cellular senescence is an irreversible state of cell cycle arrest occurring in response to stressful stimuli, such as telomere attrition, DNA damage, reactive oxygen species, and oncogenic proteins. Although beneficial and protective in several physiological processes, an excessive senescent cell burden has been involved in various pathological conditions including aging, tissue dysfunction and chronic diseases. Oxidative stress (OS) can drive senescence due to a loss of balance between pro-oxidant stimuli and antioxidant defences. Therefore, the identification and characterization of antioxidant compounds capable of preventing or counteracting the senescent phenotype is of major interest. However, despite the considerable number of studies, a comprehensive overview of the main antioxidant molecules capable of counteracting OS-induced senescence is still lacking. Here, besides a brief description of the molecular mechanisms implicated in OS-mediated aging, we review and discuss the role of enzymes, mitochondria-targeting compounds, vitamins, carotenoids, organosulfur compounds, nitrogen non-protein molecules, minerals, flavonoids, and non-flavonoids as antioxidant compounds with an anti-aging potential, therefore offering insights into innovative lifespan-extending approaches.

• Aging and neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by complex and multifactorial aetiology and challenges regarding treatments efficacy and costs persist. • Oxygen-ozone (O2-O3) therapy is a non-invasive, non-pharmacological, low cost and no-side effect procedure based on antioxidant capacity of O3. • A plethora of scientific evidence supports other crucial properties of O3 in physiopathological processes. • Nrf2 is one of the principal molecular signalling on which O3 exercises its antioxidant/anti-apoptotic/pro-autophagy effects, involved in aging and in neurodegenerative disorders. • This review provides a consistent rationale to implement future clinical studies to apply the O2-O3 treatment along with other antioxidants (polyphenols, mushrooms) in aging and in neurodegeneration.