Despite numerous measures to contain the infection and limit its spread, cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections acquired in hospitals have been reported consistently. In this paper, we will address issues of hospital-acquired COVID-19 in hospitalized patients as well as medico-legal implications. After having conducted a literature search, we will report on papers on hospital-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infections. Ten scientific papers were selected and considered suitable for further analysis. According to several reports, the SARS-CoV-2 hospital-acquired infection rate is 12–15%. Hospital-acquired COVID-19 represents a serious public health issue, which is a problem that could create reluctance of patients to seek hospital treatment for fear of becoming infected. Healthcare personnel should do all that is necessary to address the problem and prevent further spreading, such as rigorous compliance with all procedures for containing the spread. From a medical-legal point of view, multiple aspects must be considered in order to understand whether the infection is a result of “malpractice” or an inevitable condition.

The worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the pandemic has resulted in a serious global crisis in the health, social and economic spheres. After an initial period of enthusiasm related to the efficacy of vaccines, in many European countries, a growing distrust in the population has matured, due to the reporting of severe adverse effects. Throughout the world, some cases of adverse events after the administration of the vaccine have been reported. In this communication, we want to discuss all the medico-legal aspects related to the global vaccination companion in terms of medical professional responsibility, informed consent and vaccination obligation, with particular attention to the Italian situation. Health professionals are tasked with promoting confidence in vaccination for the general population. Complete and detailed information and reliance on scientific research is essential to understand the great importance of the vaccination campaign. From a criminal point of view, we must avoid blaming health professionals in the case of side effects. At the same time, we must protect the population, ensuring compliance with the indications, guidelines, and an adequate method of administration. On the other hand, from a civil law perspective, it is correct to ensure full protection of those rare cases in which the administration of the vaccine is related to adverse events. Without a broad and global vaccination campaign, it will be impossible to overcome COVID-19.