The aroma chemical composition of commonly planted kiwifruit cultivars in China was analyzed. The combination of 2-octanone with 3-octanone was the most suitable dual internal standard for quantitative analysis in GC-MS. A total of 172 aroma components in 23 kiwifruit cultivars were detected, and ethyl butanoate, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, and (E)-2-hexenal could be considered the core aroma components in kiwifruit, but still need further confirmation using Sensomics. E-nose could effectively distinguish different cultivars of kiwifruit. Clustering based on GC-MS and E-nose results tends to be consistent and demonstrate a certain degree of similarity. Kiwifruit cultivars with different flesh colors cannot be effectively distinguished by their aroma chemical compositions. Different species of kiwifruit can be distinguished to some extent by their aroma chemical compositions, but the effect was not satisfactory. These results could prove valuable in the breeding, planting, and marketing of kiwifruits.

: The effects of ultrasound (US), thermosonication (TS), ultrasound combined with nisin (USN), TS combined with nisin (TSN), and conventional thermal sterilization (CTS) treatments on the inactivation of microorganisms in grape juice were evaluated. TS, TSN, and CTS treatments provided the desirable bactericidal and enzyme inactivation, and nisin had a synergistic lethal effect on aerobic bacteria in grape juice while not having any obvious effect on the mold and yeast. Compared with CTS, the sensory characteristics of grape juice treated with TS and TSN are closer to that of fresh juice, its microbial safety is ensured, and the physicochemical properties are basically unchanged. More importantly, the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of juice treated with TS and TSN were significantly increased, and the total anthocyanin and flavonoid contents were largely retained. Taken together, these findings suggest that TS and TSN has great potential application value and that it can ensure microbial safety and improve the quality of grape juice.

Currently, thermal pasteurisation (TP) remains the most widely applied technique for commercial orange juice preservation; however, a high temperature causes adverse effects on the quality attributes of orange juice. In order to explore a novel non-thermal sterilization method for orange juice, the impacts of thermosonication combined with nisin (TSN) and TP treatments on the quality attributes including microbial and enzyme inactivation and the physicochemical, nutritional, functional, and sensory qualities of orange juice were studied. Both TP and TSN treatments achieved desirable bactericidal and enzyme inactivation effects, and nisin had a significant synergistic lethal effect on aerobic bacteria in orange juice (p < 0.05). Additionally, TSN treatment significantly improved the color attributes of orange juice and well maintained its physicochemical properties and sensory quality. More importantly, TSN treatment significantly increased the total polyphenols content (TPC) and total carotenoids (TC) by 10.03% and 20.10%, increased the ORAC and DPPH by 51.10% and 10.58%, and the contents of total flavonoids and ascorbic acid were largely retained. Correlation analysis of antioxidant activity showed that the ORAC and scavenging ability of DPPH radicals of orange juice are mainly attributed to TC and TPC. These findings indicate that TSN shows great potential application value, which could guarantee the microbiological safety and improve the quality attributes of orange juice.

Yan 73 (Vitis vinifera) is a dyed grape variety cultivated in China. Currently, most studies have focused on the mechanism of anthocyanins or the impact of anthocyanins as auxiliary color varieties on wine color. There is little research on its direct use or direct processing of products such as juice. In order to investigate the effects of different processing methods on the juice of Yan 73 grapes, the physicochemical and functional properties, as well as the sensory indexes of the juice, were analyzed by using thermal pasteurization (TP), thermosonication (TS), TS combined with nisin (TSN), TS combined with ε-Polylysine (TSε), irradiation (IR), and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP). The physicochemical indexes, functional properties, and sensory indexes of Smoke 73 grape juice were determined and analyzed. The results of the study showed that among the seven sterilization methods, total polyphenol content (TPC) in juice was significantly increased in all treatments except HHP. TPC was the highest in TP (3773.33 mg GAE/L). Total anthocyanin content (TAC) was increased except IR5, and TSN (1202.67 mg/L) had the highest TAC. In terms of color, TP (a* = 36.57, b* = 19.70, L* = 14.81, C* = 41.55, h° = 28.30, ΔE = 5.9) promotes the dissolution of anthocyanins because of high temperatures, which basically improves all the color indicators of grape juice and makes the color of grape juice more vivid. After HHP treatment, the color (ΔE = 1.72) and aroma indicators are closer to the grape juice itself. The Entropy weight-TOPSIS, CRITIC-Topsis, and PCA integrated quality evaluation models showed that all selected TP as the best integrated quality.