The preparation and characterization of n-alkane/water emulsions using beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) were studied. The prepared n-alkane/water emulsions were of the oil-in-water (O/W) type, and the stability of emulsions was in the order of n-hexadecane > n-dodecane > n-octane. From observations using polarized light microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction measurement, it was suggested that the formation of a dense film at the oil-water interface and the three-dimensional structural network created by precipitated complexes in the continuous phase are associated with the stability of emulsion. Furthermore, it was clarified that O/W-type emulsions were formed because the contact angle (theta ow) which the precipitate makes with the interface was theta ow < 90 degrees in all compounds (oils) used in this study.

This article addresses issues on the degree of participation in global value chains (GVCs) for emerging economies in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The main research question is whether there is a linkage between GVC backward participation, that is, vertical trade defined as the foreign value embedded in exports and logistics performance as a component of service links in the host country. The major contributions of this study are the usage of the UNCTAD-Eora Global Value Chain Database for describing vertical trade and the application of a “structural” gravity model setting for the specification of estimated equations. The statistical observations demonstrate that GVC backward participation in emerging ASEAN economies made substantial progress during the 1990s with per capita GDP growth, and a large gap occurred in the degree of GVC backward participation between forerunners and latecomers in the ASEAN economies. Empirical estimation can also identify a quantitative linkage between GVC backward participation and logistics performance in the host country.

This article aims to investigate the dynamic economic impacts of global value chains (hereafter GVCs) participation by examining value-added-trade patterns focusing on Asian developing countries. Our main findings were as follows. First, an economy’s participation in GVCs in manufacturing sectors has allowed an absolute domestic value added for exports to contribute to GDP growth. Second, the development paths of domestic value added contribution to exports in a GVCs participating economy have followed ‘smile curve’ with the bottom being 5,651 US dollars in per capita GDP. Third, the turning points of smile curves differed according to manufacturing sectors: the sectors of machinery, electrical and transport equipment reach the turning point at higher per capita GDP than those of food, textile and wood products. These observations imply the dynamic process of GVCs impacts, where the initial stage of GVCs participation has reduced domestic value added contribution to exports, but it has been recovered at a later stage of GVCs involvement with upgrading domestic productive capacities. In particular, this recovery has taken a longer time for such high-value sectors as machinery, electrical and transport equipment.