The incorporation of cisplatin (CP) as a cytotoxic antineoplastic agent in most chemotherapeutic protocols is a challenge due to its toxic effect on testicular tissues. Natural compounds present a promising trend in research, so a new nutraceutical formulation (NCF) was designed to diminish CP spermatotoxicity. A combination of three nutraceutical materials, 250 mg Spirulina platensis powder (SP), 25 mg Tribulus terrestris L. extract (TT), and 100 mg fish oil (FO) were formulated in self-nanoemulsifying self-nanosuspension (SNESNS). SP was loaded into the optimized self-nanoemulsifying system (30% FO, 50% span 80/cremophor EL and 20% isopropanol) and mixed with TT aqueous solution to form SNESNS. For the SP, phytochemical profiling revealed the presence of valuable amounts of fatty acids (FAs), amino acids, flavonoids, polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and particle size analysis confirmed the formation of nanoemulsion-based nanosuspension upon dilution. Method validation of the phytochemical constituents in NCF has been developed. Furthermore, NCF was biologically evaluated on male Wistar rats and revealed the improvement of spermatozoa, histopathological features, and biochemical markers over the CP and each ingredient group. Our findings suggest the potential of NCF with SNESNS as a delivery system against CP-induced testicular toxicity in male rats.

Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the leaves and flowers of Ipomoea carnea Jacq. were carried out using Folin-Ciocalteu’s and aluminum chloride assays, respectively. Resulted in 6.59 and 9.37 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g. dry wt. and 1.336% and 0.885% rutin equivalent (RE)/g for leaves and flowers, respectively. The concentration of rutin and β-sitosterol in leaves and flowers extracts of I. carnea were also estimated by HPLC analysis resulting in 9.174 and 2.733 mg/g dry wt. (rutin) and 0.463, 17.085 mg/g dry wt. (β-sitosterol) for leaves and flowers, respectively. Chromatographic separation of the leaves and flowers ethanol extracts led to the isolation of a new biflavonoid compound: 3ꞌ, 3ꞌꞌꞌꞌ, 5, 5ꞌꞌꞌ, 7, 7ꞌꞌꞌ-O-β-D-glucosyl-4ꞌ, 4ꞌꞌꞌꞌ-biflavonoyl ether [4ꞌ-O-4ꞌꞌꞌꞌ Bis-isoquercetin] (Ipomoeflavoside) from leaves and other four known compounds namely; caffeoyl ethyl ester, caffeic acid, rutin, lycopene isolated for the first time from leaves and β-sitosterol from flowers. The leaves and flowers ethanol extracts showed antioxidant, antihyperglycemic and hepatoprotective activities. They were also evaluated for their anticancer and antimicrobial activities. The ethanol leaves extract showed the highest cytotoxic activity against the breast cancer cell line, with (IC50: 7.4 µg/ml) while it showed weak cytotoxic effect on liver and colon cancer cell lines (IC50:23 and 35 µg/ml) respectively, The ethanol flowers extract showed weak or no anticancer cytotoxic activity against the tested cancer cell lines. The leaves and flowers ethanol extracts showed significant antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumonia, Bacillus subtillis, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus fumigatus while showing no activity against Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeurginosa.