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Eutrophic lakes, especially shallow eutrophic lakes, disproportionately contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To investigate the effects of eutrophication on GHG dynamics, we conducted field measurements every three months from January 2019 to October 2019 in Lake Ulansuhai, a shallow eutrophic lake (mean depth of 0.7 m) located in a semi-arid region in Northern China. We found that Lake Ulansuhai was a predominantly source of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2); however, it converted to a CO2 sink in July due to eutrophication. It was also a strong source of methane (CH4) with a mean CO2 emission of 35.7 ± 12.1 mmol m−2 d−1 and CH4 emission of 5.9 ± 2.9 mmol m−2 d−1. The CO2 concentrations in most sites and CH4 concentrations in all sites were supersaturated, with the average partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) being 654±34 μatm and the partial pressure of CH4 (pCH4) being 157±37 μatm. The partial pressures and emissions of the greenhouse gases exhibited substantial seasonal and spatial variations. The correlation analysis between the trophic level index and the partial pressure of the greenhouse gases indicated that eutrophication could significantly decrease the CO2 emissions but increase the CH4 emissions from the lake, resulting in a CH4 and CO2 emission ratio of approximately 2 in terms of global warming potential. Eutrophication decreased the pCO2 in the lake and subsequently increased the pCH4 due to nutrient input, thereby enhancing primary production. The results indicated that shallow eutrophic lakes in arid regions are strong sources of CH4 and that eutrophication could alter the greenhouse gas emission patterns.
Heyang Sun; Xixi Lu; Ruihong Yu; Jie Yang; Xinyu Liu; Zhengxu Cao; Zhuangzhuang Zhang; Meixia Li; Yue Geng. Eutrophication decreased CO2 but increased CH4 emissions from lake: A case study of a shallow Lake Ulansuhai. Water Research 2021, 201, 117363 .
AMA StyleHeyang Sun, Xixi Lu, Ruihong Yu, Jie Yang, Xinyu Liu, Zhengxu Cao, Zhuangzhuang Zhang, Meixia Li, Yue Geng. Eutrophication decreased CO2 but increased CH4 emissions from lake: A case study of a shallow Lake Ulansuhai. Water Research. 2021; 201 ():117363.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeyang Sun; Xixi Lu; Ruihong Yu; Jie Yang; Xinyu Liu; Zhengxu Cao; Zhuangzhuang Zhang; Meixia Li; Yue Geng. 2021. "Eutrophication decreased CO2 but increased CH4 emissions from lake: A case study of a shallow Lake Ulansuhai." Water Research 201, no. : 117363.
Research on the ionic chemistry of rivers and weathering types provides the basis for elucidating the dynamics of river chemistry and exploring carbon cycling in river systems. There is a lack of water chemistry study in the river systems in the Tibet Plateau, especially in the streams/rivers flowing from and through glaciers and permafrost. Samples in the rivers flowing through different land covers (lakes, glaciers, permafrost, grasslands, peatlands) were collected in different months (April, June, August and October) in 2016, covering various hydrological regimes. The temporal and spatial dynamic variations of major ions and the underlying causes were explored. The results revealed that in the headwater region Ca2+ and HCO3− were the dominant ions, derived primarily from the dissolution of carbonatites and evaporates. However, the concentrations of ions from different land covers were vastly different.The high concentrations of Na+ and K+ in the lakes sample were mainly affected by evaporation and precipitation. The acid deposition caused by atmospheric pollutants resulted in high concentration of SO42− in glacial and permafrost streams. K+ concentration was high in the grassland region with frequent agricultural activities such as the planting and fertilization of highland barleys that applied nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. Although Total Dissolved Load (TDS) was higher for the lakes and streams/rivers from glaciers and permafrost, and its average (287.28 ± 40 mg/L) over the headwater region was lower than that in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River because of low temperature. The current study provided the basis of and reference for the overall water chemistry characteristics and carbon cycling processes of the entire Yellow River.
Su Yuanrong; Yu Ruihong; Tian Mingyang; Yang Xiankun; Ran Lishan; Hu Haizhu; Zhang Zhuangzhuang; Lu Xixi. Major ion chemistry in the headwater region of the Yellow River: impact of land covers. Environmental Earth Sciences 2021, 80, 1 -12.
AMA StyleSu Yuanrong, Yu Ruihong, Tian Mingyang, Yang Xiankun, Ran Lishan, Hu Haizhu, Zhang Zhuangzhuang, Lu Xixi. Major ion chemistry in the headwater region of the Yellow River: impact of land covers. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2021; 80 (11):1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSu Yuanrong; Yu Ruihong; Tian Mingyang; Yang Xiankun; Ran Lishan; Hu Haizhu; Zhang Zhuangzhuang; Lu Xixi. 2021. "Major ion chemistry in the headwater region of the Yellow River: impact of land covers." Environmental Earth Sciences 80, no. 11: 1-12.
Harmful algal blooms caused by cyanobacteria have detrimental impacts on lake ecosystems. Uncovering the factors influencing such blooms could facilitate aquatic ecosystem conservation and early warning activities. The experiment simulated the environmental characteristics of shallow eutrophic Lake Ulansuhai in arid regions of China. The experiments were conducted at various temperatures (6, 10, 19, 25°C) and different nutrient conditions (N: 1∼6 mg/L, P: 0.05∼1.00 mg/L) and in the presence of water, algae, and sediment under various disturbance levels (0, 100, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 rpm). In this study, The optimal Microcystis growth conditions observed in the study were as follows: 19°C ≤ temperature ≤ 25°C; 1.0 mg/L ≤ N ≤ 1.6 mg/L; 0.05 mg/L ≤ P ≤ 0.1 mg/L; 16 ≤ N/P ≤ 20; and lake flow velocity = 10 cm·s−1 (200 rpm). The most suitable pH for the growth of Microcystis is 8.5. Investigating the environmental factors that affect the growth of bloom-forming cyanobacteria could aid the development of early warning systems and guide lake restoration activities under climate warming, N:P imbalance, and varying lake velocity scenarios.
Meixia Li; Ruihong Yu; Zhengxu Cao; Ye Jin; Heyang Sun; Zhen Qi. Analysis of optimal environmental conditions for Microcystis blooms in large, shallow, eutrophic lakes. All Life 2021, 14, 340 -354.
AMA StyleMeixia Li, Ruihong Yu, Zhengxu Cao, Ye Jin, Heyang Sun, Zhen Qi. Analysis of optimal environmental conditions for Microcystis blooms in large, shallow, eutrophic lakes. All Life. 2021; 14 (1):340-354.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeixia Li; Ruihong Yu; Zhengxu Cao; Ye Jin; Heyang Sun; Zhen Qi. 2021. "Analysis of optimal environmental conditions for Microcystis blooms in large, shallow, eutrophic lakes." All Life 14, no. 1: 340-354.
River flow provides water that maintains the ecological health of both the river itself and the adjoining riparian zones. However, there is a lack of clear definition and identification method of the riparian zone of inland river basins with narrow river channels and anthropogenic intervention reservoirs. In this study, we developed a new method to delineate semiarid grassland riparian zones by taking the Xilin River (Inner Mongolia, China) basin as a case study for providing an opportunity for a more accurate estimation of the ecological water demand of riparian zone. The extent of the riparian zones with different geomorphological and hydrological characteristics was determined by using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images at five river sections along the reach under the combination of natural variations and the regulation by the dams. After mapping each river section, river length and riparian zone area were shown to have a strong relationship (ρs = 0.9; p < .05), which was extended to calculate the downstream riparian zone area by using its river length. Moreover, we applied the distribution flow method to calculate the river ecological water demand and employed the Penman‐Monteith method to calculate riparian zone ecological water demand. The results showed that the river ecological water demand of the downstream of the reservoir was approximately 6.5×106 m3 per year while riparian zone was 2075.1×106 m3. Only 36, 19, and 15% of the ecological water demand can be met in the hydrological wet, average, and dry years, respectively, because of improper reservoir management and the inability of the discharge of the reservoir to meet the ecological water demand of the downstream riparian zone. Our data illustrate the impact and importance of river flow on the downstream degradation of riparian grasslands and can motivate reservoir management in semiarid areas, which will be helpful to guide water regulations to meet environmental and ecological needs.
Duo Lan; Yu Rui‐Hong. New grassland riparian zone delineation method for calculating ecological water demand to guide management goals. River Research and Applications 2020, 36, 1838 -1851.
AMA StyleDuo Lan, Yu Rui‐Hong. New grassland riparian zone delineation method for calculating ecological water demand to guide management goals. River Research and Applications. 2020; 36 (9):1838-1851.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDuo Lan; Yu Rui‐Hong. 2020. "New grassland riparian zone delineation method for calculating ecological water demand to guide management goals." River Research and Applications 36, no. 9: 1838-1851.
As an important source of non‐rainfall input of land–surface liquid water, dew has considerable ecological and hydrological significance in desert ecosystems. Dew moisture regime is commonly used for characterizing available dew. It discloses not only the contributions of dew to plants, small animals, and biological crusts but also the mechanism by which desert organisms adapt to extreme climates. By reviewing the existing researches on dew moisture regimes in desert ecosystems, this study reveals the variations in the amount and duration of dew, as well as its influencing factors at site‐, catchment‐, and regional scales, based on the radiation cooling theory and the physical mechanisms of dew formation. Furthermore, it compares the differences in dew moisture between various sites and catchments, illustrates the trends in daily and annual dew moisture in various deserts, and identifies the existing problems of researches on dew moisture regimes amid climate change. The findings of this study enhance preliminary knowledge on the reasonable utilization of dew water, worldwide. This article is categorized under: Science of Water > Hydrological Processes Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems
Ruihong Yu; Zhuangzhuang Zhang; Xixi Lu; I‐Shin Chang; Tingxi Liu. Variations in dew moisture regimes in desert ecosystems and their influencing factors. WIREs Water 2020, 7, 1 .
AMA StyleRuihong Yu, Zhuangzhuang Zhang, Xixi Lu, I‐Shin Chang, Tingxi Liu. Variations in dew moisture regimes in desert ecosystems and their influencing factors. WIREs Water. 2020; 7 (6):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuihong Yu; Zhuangzhuang Zhang; Xixi Lu; I‐Shin Chang; Tingxi Liu. 2020. "Variations in dew moisture regimes in desert ecosystems and their influencing factors." WIREs Water 7, no. 6: 1.
In the shallow eutrophic lakes in cold, arid regions, the phytoplankton functional groups and the factors that drive their spatiotemporal variabilities remain unclear. Samples were collected from Lake Ulansuhai in April, August, and October 2017 (wet season) and January 2018 (dry season). Based on the functional group classification method, 23 phytoplankton functional groups with 5 major ones were identified. During the wet season, high amounts of nutrients, elevated temperatures, and heavy rainfall produced spatiotemporal variabilities in phytoplankton communities, whereas during the dry season, the frozen period was the critical factor that determined the spatiotemporal variabilities in the phytoplankton communities. Through redundancy analyses, total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations were observed to directly affect the phytoplankton growth; algal growth affected the chemical oxygen demand, and pH and environmental factors interacted with the phytoplankton growth. These results highlight the complex feedbacks of shallow eutrophic lake ecosystems in arid regions. Group TC (represented by Lyngbya) was correlated with Huangtai algae. In August, a Huangtai algal bloom resulted in a relatively stable water column, which was conducive to group TC growth. Therefore, the presence of certain phytoplankton functional groups can indicate the current lake conditions by identifying the coverage of Huangtai algae, which provides a scientific basis for an early warning of a potential algal bloom.
Ye Jin; Ruihong Yu; Zhuangzhuang Zhang; Qi Zhang; Meixia Li; Zhengxu Cao; Linhui Wu; Yanling Hao. Spatiotemporal variability of phytoplankton functional groups in a shallow eutrophic lake from cold, arid regions. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2020, 192, 1 -21.
AMA StyleYe Jin, Ruihong Yu, Zhuangzhuang Zhang, Qi Zhang, Meixia Li, Zhengxu Cao, Linhui Wu, Yanling Hao. Spatiotemporal variability of phytoplankton functional groups in a shallow eutrophic lake from cold, arid regions. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2020; 192 (6):1-21.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYe Jin; Ruihong Yu; Zhuangzhuang Zhang; Qi Zhang; Meixia Li; Zhengxu Cao; Linhui Wu; Yanling Hao. 2020. "Spatiotemporal variability of phytoplankton functional groups in a shallow eutrophic lake from cold, arid regions." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 192, no. 6: 1-21.
Under the context of climate change, studying CO2 emissions in alpine rivers is important because of the large carbon storage in these terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, riverine partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and CO2 emission flux (FCO2) in the Yellow River source region (YRSR) under different landcover types, including glaciers, permafrost, peatlands, and grasslands, were systematically investigated in April, June, August, and October 2016. Relevant chemical and environmental parameters were analyzed to explore the primary controlling factors. The results showed that most of the rivers in the YRSR were net CO2 source, with the pCO2 ranging from 181 to 2441 μatm and the FCO2 ranging from −50 to 1574 mmol m−2 d−1. Both pCO2 and FCO2 showed strong spatial and temporal variations. The highest average FCO2 was observed in August, while the lowest average was observed in June. Spatially, the lowest FCO2 were observed in the permafrost regions while the highest FCO2 were observed in peatland. By integrating seasonal changes of the water surface area, total CO2 efflux was estimated to be 0.30 Tg C year−1. This indicates that the YRSR was a net carbon source for the atmosphere, which contradicts previous studies that conclude the YRSR as a carbon sink. More frequent measurements of CO2 fluxes, particularly through several diel cycles, are necessary to confirm this conclusion. Furthermore, our study suggested that the riverine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in permafrost (5.0 ± 2.4 mg L−1) is possibly derived from old carbon released from permafrost melting, which is equivalent to that in peatland regions (5.1 ± 3.7 mg L−1). The degradation of DOC may have played an important role in supporting riverine CO2, especially in permafrost and glacier-covered regions. The percent coverage of corresponding land cover types is a good indicator for estimating riverine pCO2 in the YRSR. In view of the extensive distribution of alpine rivers in the world and their sensitivity to climate change, future studies on dynamics of stream water pCO2 and CO2 outgassing are strongly needed to better understand the global carbon cycle.
Mingyang Tian; Tian Mingyang; Lishan Ran; Yuanrong Su; Lingyu Li; Ruihong Yu; Haizhu Hu; Xi Xi Lu. Impact of Land Cover Types on Riverine CO2 Outgassing in the Yellow River Source Region. Water 2019, 11, 2243 .
AMA StyleMingyang Tian, Tian Mingyang, Lishan Ran, Yuanrong Su, Lingyu Li, Ruihong Yu, Haizhu Hu, Xi Xi Lu. Impact of Land Cover Types on Riverine CO2 Outgassing in the Yellow River Source Region. Water. 2019; 11 (11):2243.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMingyang Tian; Tian Mingyang; Lishan Ran; Yuanrong Su; Lingyu Li; Ruihong Yu; Haizhu Hu; Xi Xi Lu. 2019. "Impact of Land Cover Types on Riverine CO2 Outgassing in the Yellow River Source Region." Water 11, no. 11: 2243.
Ulansuhai, the largest shallow lake of the Yellow River of China, is an important component of the Hetao region irrigation system. Many concerns have concentrated on its water quality, which affects the local water security and sustainable economic development. In this study, the water pollution index (WPI), an effective water quality evaluation method, was used to compare the pollution levels among pollution indicators and to determine the major pollution indicators. The regime shift index (RSI) approach was employed to identify the water quality trends. Cluster analysis and Daniel trend test methods were employed to analyse the inner-annual and inter-annual spatio-temporal trends of the typical water quality indicators (e.g., total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved oxygen (DO), and chemical oxygen demand (COD)) in Lake Ulansuhai. The results show that the water quality of Ulansuhai improved from 1998 to 2017; spatial variations in the WPITN, WPITP, and WPIDO followed the order of inlet > centre and outlet, while spatial variations in the WPICOD showed the order of outlet > inlet > centre. TN was the critical pollution indicator throughout the year. In 2017, the dry season and wet season were determined using cluster analysis. The WPICOD was higher than the WPITN, WPITP, and WPIDO in the dry season, while the WPITN, WPITP, and WPIDO were higher than the WPICOD in the wet season. WPI was grouped into three clusters: highly polluted regions, moderately polluted regions, and less polluted regions, However, there is a discrepancy between the three polluted regions that were divided into the dry season and the wet season. The WPICOD was highest among all pollution indicators in 2017. Major sources of pollution that contribute to the deterioration of water quality include inner-annual or inter-annual pollution, agricultural non-point pollution, point source pollution, and internal pollution. This study provides useful information for authorities to effectively manage water quality and control water pollution.
Qi Zhang; Ruihong Yu; Ye Jin; Zhuangzhuang Zhang; Xinyu Liu; Hao Xue; Yanling Hao; Lixin Wang. Temporal and Spatial Variation Trends in Water Quality Based on the WPI Index in the Shallow Lake of an Arid Area: A Case Study of Lake Ulansuhai, China. Water 2019, 11, 1410 .
AMA StyleQi Zhang, Ruihong Yu, Ye Jin, Zhuangzhuang Zhang, Xinyu Liu, Hao Xue, Yanling Hao, Lixin Wang. Temporal and Spatial Variation Trends in Water Quality Based on the WPI Index in the Shallow Lake of an Arid Area: A Case Study of Lake Ulansuhai, China. Water. 2019; 11 (7):1410.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQi Zhang; Ruihong Yu; Ye Jin; Zhuangzhuang Zhang; Xinyu Liu; Hao Xue; Yanling Hao; Lixin Wang. 2019. "Temporal and Spatial Variation Trends in Water Quality Based on the WPI Index in the Shallow Lake of an Arid Area: A Case Study of Lake Ulansuhai, China." Water 11, no. 7: 1410.
Under climate change, flash floods have become more frequent and severe, and are posing a danger to society, especially in the ungauged catchments. The objective of this paper, is to construct a simple and early warning system, serving for flash floods risk management in the ungauged catchments of the Loess Plateau in China, and offer a reference for flash flood warning in other areas in the world. Considering the absence of hydrological data in the ungauged catchments, the early warning system for flash floods is established by combining the regional or watershed isograms of hydrological parameters and local empirical formulas. Therein, rainfall and water stage/flow are used as warning indices for real-time risk estimation of flash flood. For early warning, the disaster water stage was first determined according to the protected objects (e.g., residents and buildings), namely the critical water stage. The critical flow (flow threshold), was calculated based on the water stage, and the established relationship between water stage and flow using the cross-sectional measured data. Then, according to the flow frequency curve of the design flood, the frequency of critical flow was ascertained. Assuming that the rainfall and the flood have the same frequency, the critical rainfall threshold was calculated through the design rainstorm with the same frequency of the design flood. Due to the critical rainfall threshold being sensitive with different soil conditions, the design flood and frequency curve of flood flow were calculated under different soil conditions, and thus the rainfall threshold was given under different soil condition for early warning of the flash flood disaster. Taking two sections in Zichang County (within the Loess Plateau) as an example, we set the rainfall and water stage/flow thresholds to trigger immediate or preparation signals for the migration of the population along the river. The application of this method to the 7.26 flood events in 2017 in China, shows that the early warning system is feasible. It is expected that this simple early warning system can provide early warnings of flash floods in ungauged catchments in the Loess Plateau and other similar areas.
Zhehao Li; Hongbo Zhang; Vijay P. Singh; Ruihong Yu; Shuqi Zhang. A Simple Early Warning System for Flash Floods in an Ungauged Catchment and Application in the Loess Plateau, China. Water 2019, 11, 426 .
AMA StyleZhehao Li, Hongbo Zhang, Vijay P. Singh, Ruihong Yu, Shuqi Zhang. A Simple Early Warning System for Flash Floods in an Ungauged Catchment and Application in the Loess Plateau, China. Water. 2019; 11 (3):426.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhehao Li; Hongbo Zhang; Vijay P. Singh; Ruihong Yu; Shuqi Zhang. 2019. "A Simple Early Warning System for Flash Floods in an Ungauged Catchment and Application in the Loess Plateau, China." Water 11, no. 3: 426.
Soil moisture (Ms) strongly influences dynamic changes in soil respiration (Rs) and is thus an important factor when predicting soil carbon emissions. However, the various sources of Ms (rainfall, groundwater, and condensation) exert complicated and uncertain effects on Rs. This study examined the growth seasonal variation (from April to October) of Rs and the diurnal variation in a cascade ecosystem consisting of sandy bare ground, a transitional artificial Populus forest, and a meadow Phragmites communis community in China's Horqin sandy land. Simultaneous measurements of the 0–10 cm depth soil temperature (Ts) and Ms, rainfall, the surface air relative humidity and the groundwater depth were collected. The results revealed that in sandy bare ground with Ms below field capacity, Ms had a greater impact on Rs than Ts, and rainfall could increase Rs. The effect of condensation on Rs during periods of continuous drought could not be ignored. In the meadowlands with Ms above field capacity, the groundwater affected Rs indirectly by regulating Ms and the relationship with Ts, and rainfall had an adverse effect on Rs. The effects of rainfall, Ms and Ts on Rs were minimum as Ms approached the saturation water content. In the transitional forest, Ms and Ts were the main factors controlling Rs. The most favorable Ms for Rs was close to the field capacity. The results emphasize that field capacity and saturation water content are the demarcation points of a soil carbon emissions prediction model, and the effect of different hydrological conditions and Ts on Rs at each segment are reconsidered accordingly. Ultimately, the carbon emission patterns of the cascade ecosystems in arid and semi-arid areas are extremely complicated and have to be considered specially for estimating terrestrial carbon emissions.
Chunxue Han; Ruihong Yu; Xixi Lu; Limin Duan; Vijay P. Singh; Tingxi Liu. Interactive effects of hydrological conditions on soil respiration in China's Horqin sandy land: An example of dune-meadow cascade ecosystem. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 651, 3053 -3063.
AMA StyleChunxue Han, Ruihong Yu, Xixi Lu, Limin Duan, Vijay P. Singh, Tingxi Liu. Interactive effects of hydrological conditions on soil respiration in China's Horqin sandy land: An example of dune-meadow cascade ecosystem. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 651 ():3053-3063.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChunxue Han; Ruihong Yu; Xixi Lu; Limin Duan; Vijay P. Singh; Tingxi Liu. 2018. "Interactive effects of hydrological conditions on soil respiration in China's Horqin sandy land: An example of dune-meadow cascade ecosystem." Science of The Total Environment 651, no. : 3053-3063.
It is difficult to accurately identify and extract bodies of water and underwater vegetation from satellite images using conventional vegetation indices, as the strong absorption of water weakens the spectral feature of high near-infrared (NIR) reflected by underwater vegetation in shallow lakes. This study used the shallow Lake Ulansuhai in the semi-arid region of China as a research site, and proposes a new concave–convex decision function to detect submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and identify bodies of water using Gao Fen 1 (GF-1) multi-spectral satellite images with a resolution of 16 meters acquired in July and August 2015. At the same time, emergent vegetation, “Huangtai algae bloom”, and SAV were classified simultaneously by a decision tree method. Through investigation and verification by field samples, classification accuracy in July and August was 92.17% and 91.79%, respectively, demonstrating that GF-1 data with four-day short revisit period and high spatial resolution can meet the standards of accuracy required by aquatic vegetation extraction. The results indicated that the concave–convex decision function is superior to traditional classification methods in distinguishing water and SAV, thus significantly improving SAV classification accuracy. The concave–convex decision function can be applied to waters with SAV coverage greater than 40% above 0.3 m and SAV coverage 40% above 0.1 m under 1.5 m transparency, which can provide new methods for the accurate extraction of SAV in other regions.
Qi Chen; Ruihong Yu; Yanling Hao; Linhui Wu; Wenxing Zhang; Qi Zhang; Xunan Bu. A New Method for Mapping Aquatic Vegetation Especially Underwater Vegetation in Lake Ulansuhai Using GF-1 Satellite Data. Remote Sensing 2018, 10, 1279 .
AMA StyleQi Chen, Ruihong Yu, Yanling Hao, Linhui Wu, Wenxing Zhang, Qi Zhang, Xunan Bu. A New Method for Mapping Aquatic Vegetation Especially Underwater Vegetation in Lake Ulansuhai Using GF-1 Satellite Data. Remote Sensing. 2018; 10 (8):1279.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQi Chen; Ruihong Yu; Yanling Hao; Linhui Wu; Wenxing Zhang; Qi Zhang; Xunan Bu. 2018. "A New Method for Mapping Aquatic Vegetation Especially Underwater Vegetation in Lake Ulansuhai Using GF-1 Satellite Data." Remote Sensing 10, no. 8: 1279.