The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of microwave-vacuum pretreatment conducted at 100, 500 and 800 W on the drying kinetics of whole cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon) during hybrid osmotic and microwave-vacuum drying. Additionally, the effect of microwave-vacuum pretreatment and subsequent osmo-microwave-vacuum drying on selected quality indicators of dried cranberries, including phenolic content, antioxidant activity and color, was studied, and the quality of samples was compared with freeze dried, microwave-vacuum dried and osmo-microwave-vacuum dried samples. Irrespective of microwave power, the initial pretreatment accelerated mass transfer during osmotic dehydration of cranberries, and the Weibull model well fitted the experimental data. Final microwave-vacuum drying of cranberries was a two-stage process involving a relatively long phase with a constant drying rate, followed by a short period with a decreasing drying rate. Microwave-vacuum and osmo-microwave-vacuum drying resulted in similar retention of polyphenols and similar antioxidant activity, both of which were relatively higher than in freeze-dried cranberries. However, microwave-vacuum pretreatment at low microwave power (100 W) before dehydration also resulted in high retention of phenolic compounds, high antioxidant activity and attractive color, which were consistent with the high content of total anthocyanins and flavonoids. Microwave-vacuum, osmo-microwave-vacuum and osmo-microwave-vacuum drying combined with microwave-vacuum pretreatment at low microwave power (100 W) were the most suitable methods for the production of high-quality dried whole cranberries.

The aim of this study was to observe a change in color and a degradation of total carotenoids and β-carotene in carrots subjected to spout-fluidized bed drying at 60, 70, 80, and 90°C. Additionally, the color of carrots rehydrated at 95°C (10 min) was measured in order to estimate the reversibility of color changes caused by drying. Significant changes in a*, b*, ΔE*, and ΔC* were observed during drying and rehydration of carrots. The total difference in color and saturation ranged from 23.67 to 30.28, and from 22.97 to 29.90, depending on drying air temperature. The rate of deterioration of total carotenoids and β-carotene content influenced the color parameters of carrots. The first-order kinetic model adequately described evolution of a*, b*, ΔE*, and ΔC* derived for carrots during drying at 60, 70, 80, and 90°C. It was found that the spout-fluidized bed drying followed by rehydration changed the color of carrots irreversibly.