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Real-time coaching programs are designed to give feedback on driving behavior to usage-based motor insurance users; they are often general purpose programs that aim to promote smooth driving. Here, we investigated the effect of different on-board real-time coaching programs on the driving behavior on highway deceleration lanes with a driving simulator experiment. The experiment was organized into two trials. The first was a baseline trial, in which participants drove without receiving any feedback; a cluster analysis was then performed to divide participants into two groups, based on their observed driving style. One month later, a second trial was carried out, with participants driving on the same path as the first trial, this time receiving contingent feedback related to their braking/acceleration behavior. Four feedback systems were tested; overall, there were eight experimental groups, depending on the clustered driving style (aggressive and defensive), feedback modality (visual and auditory), and feedback valence (positive and negative). Speed, deceleration, trajectory, and lateral control variables, collected before and onto the deceleration lane, were investigated with mixed ANOVAs, which showed that the real-time coaching programs significantly reduced speeds and maximum deceleration values, while improving lateral control. A change toward a safer exit strategy (i.e., entering the lane before starting to decelerate) was also observed in defensive drivers.
Federico Orsini; Mariaelena Tagliabue; Giulia De Cet; Massimiliano Gastaldi; Riccardo Rossi. Highway Deceleration Lane Safety: Effects of Real-Time Coaching Programs on Driving Behavior. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9089 .
AMA StyleFederico Orsini, Mariaelena Tagliabue, Giulia De Cet, Massimiliano Gastaldi, Riccardo Rossi. Highway Deceleration Lane Safety: Effects of Real-Time Coaching Programs on Driving Behavior. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9089.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFederico Orsini; Mariaelena Tagliabue; Giulia De Cet; Massimiliano Gastaldi; Riccardo Rossi. 2021. "Highway Deceleration Lane Safety: Effects of Real-Time Coaching Programs on Driving Behavior." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9089.
The diffusion of the COVID-19 pandemic has induced fundamental changes in travel habits. Although many previous authors have analysed factors affecting observed variations in travel demand, only a few works have focused on predictions of future new normal conditions when people will be allowed to decide whether to travel or not, although risk mitigation measures will still be enforced on vehicles, and innovative mobility services will be implemented. In addition, few authors have considered future mandatory trips of students that constitute a great part of everyday travels and are fundamental for the development of society. In this paper, logistic regression models were calibrated by using data from a revealed and stated-preferences mobility survey administered to students and employees at the University of Padova (Italy), to predict variables impacting on their decisions to perform educational and working trips in the new normal phase. Results highlighted that these factors are different between students and employees; furthermore, available travel alternatives and specific risk mitigation measures on vehicles were found to be significant. Moreover, the promotion of the use of bikes, as well as bike sharing, car pooling and micro mobility among students can effectively foster sustainable mobility habits. On the other hand, countermeasures on studying/working places resulted in a slight effect on travel decisions.
Riccardo Ceccato; Riccardo Rossi; Massimiliano Gastaldi. Travel Demand Prediction during COVID-19 Pandemic: Educational and Working Trips at the University of Padova. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6596 .
AMA StyleRiccardo Ceccato, Riccardo Rossi, Massimiliano Gastaldi. Travel Demand Prediction during COVID-19 Pandemic: Educational and Working Trips at the University of Padova. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6596.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiccardo Ceccato; Riccardo Rossi; Massimiliano Gastaldi. 2021. "Travel Demand Prediction during COVID-19 Pandemic: Educational and Working Trips at the University of Padova." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6596.
Innovative motor insurance schemes involve the use of on-board devices to collect kinematic driving data as part of the so-called ‘Pay-How-You-Drive’ schemes, which charge premiums based on drivers’ behavior. Some of these schemes also involve on-board coaching programs, which give real-time feedback to users. Here, we aimed to investigate the influence of motor insurance on-board real-time coaching programs on drivers’ behavior while overtaking cyclists, as motor vehicle/bicycle interactions are a relevant issue in road safety. The tested programs give real-time feedback to users on their acceleration, promoting smoother and safer driving styles. Data were collected with a driving simulator experiment involving 67 young drivers. The experiment was divided into two trials: in the first, participants drove as normally as possible without receiving any type of feedback; in the second, which took place one month later, they received feedback based on their driving behavior. Using data from the first trial, participants were clustered (k-mean approximation) into two groups, according to their driving style (aggressive vs. defensive). For each group, half of the drivers received contingent positive feedback (when a smooth driving event occurred) and the other half received contingent negative feedback (when a harsh driving event occurred). Feedback was presented in the form of auditory cues (for half of one group) or as visual cues (for the others). Thus, there were eight groups based on driving style, feedback type, and feedback modality. Multiple kinematic variables were studied with mixed ANOVA, and included not only clearance distances, speeds, and acceleration, but also the chosen overtaking strategy (accelerative vs. flying). Driving style, gender, car usage, feedback type and modality were considered as factors in the analysis. Results showed that the coaching programs had a significant positive effect, in terms of safety, reducing acceleration and speeds during the overtaking and inducing drivers to adopt the safer accelerative strategy. It was also particularly effective in improving the performance of aggressive drivers. These results are of high interest for real-world applications because they were obtained with a general-purpose coaching program; conversely, it might be impractical to develop dedicate programs for specific situations such as drivers overtaking cyclists.
Riccardo Rossi; Federico Orsini; Mariaelena Tagliabue; Leandro L. Di Stasi; Giulia De Cet; Massimiliano Gastaldi. Evaluating the impact of real-time coaching programs on drivers overtaking cyclists. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 2021, 78, 74 -90.
AMA StyleRiccardo Rossi, Federico Orsini, Mariaelena Tagliabue, Leandro L. Di Stasi, Giulia De Cet, Massimiliano Gastaldi. Evaluating the impact of real-time coaching programs on drivers overtaking cyclists. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 2021; 78 ():74-90.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiccardo Rossi; Federico Orsini; Mariaelena Tagliabue; Leandro L. Di Stasi; Giulia De Cet; Massimiliano Gastaldi. 2021. "Evaluating the impact of real-time coaching programs on drivers overtaking cyclists." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 78, no. : 74-90.
The increasing concentration of human activities in cities has been leading to a worsening in air quality, thus negatively affecting the lives and health of humans living in urban contexts. Transport is one of the main sources of pollution in such environments. Several local authorities have therefore implemented strict traffic-restriction measures. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of these interventions, by analyzing the relationship between traffic flows and air quality. The used dataset contains concentrations of NO, NO2, NOx and PM10, vehicle counts and meteorology, all collected during the COVID-19 lockdown in the city of Padova (Italy), in which severe limitations to contain the spread of the virus simulated long and large-scale traffic restrictions in normal conditions. In particular, statistical tests, correlation analyses and multivariate linear regression models were applied to non-rainy days in 2020, 2018 and 2017, in order to isolate the effect of traffic. Analysis indicated that vehicle flows significantly affect NO, NO2, and NOx concentrations, although no evidence of a relationship between traffic and PM10 was highlighted. According to this perspective, measures to limit traffic flows seem to be effective in improving air quality only in terms of reducing nitrogen oxide.
Riccardo Rossi; Riccardo Ceccato; Massimiliano Gastaldi. Effect of Road Traffic on Air Pollution. Experimental Evidence from COVID-19 Lockdown. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8984 .
AMA StyleRiccardo Rossi, Riccardo Ceccato, Massimiliano Gastaldi. Effect of Road Traffic on Air Pollution. Experimental Evidence from COVID-19 Lockdown. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):8984.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiccardo Rossi; Riccardo Ceccato; Massimiliano Gastaldi. 2020. "Effect of Road Traffic on Air Pollution. Experimental Evidence from COVID-19 Lockdown." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 8984.
This work investigated the effect of mental models on the effectiveness of an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS). The system tested was a lateral control ADAS, which informed the drivers whether the vehicle was correctly positioned inside the lane or not, with the use of two visual and one auditory stimuli. Three driving simulator experiments were performed, involving three separate groups of subjects, who received different initial exposures to the technology. In Experiment 0 subjects were not exposed to ADAS in order to be able to indicate that no effect of learning affected the results. In Experiment A subjects were not instructed on the ADAS functionalities and they had to learn on their own; in Experiment B they were directly instructed on the functionalities by reading an information booklet. In all experiments drivers performed multiple driving sessions. The mean absolute lateral position (LP) and standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP) for each driver were considered as main dependent variables to measure the effectiveness of the ADAS. Findings from this work showed that the initial mental model had an impact on ADAS effectiveness, since it produced significantly different results in terms of ADAS effectiveness, with those reading the information booklet being able to improve more and faster their lateral control.
Riccardo Rossi; Massimiliano Gastaldi; Francesco Biondi; Federico Orsini; Giulia De Cet; Claudio Mulatti. A Driving Simulator Study Exploring the Effect of Different Mental Models on ADAS System Effectiveness. Database Systems for Advanced Applications 2020, 102 -113.
AMA StyleRiccardo Rossi, Massimiliano Gastaldi, Francesco Biondi, Federico Orsini, Giulia De Cet, Claudio Mulatti. A Driving Simulator Study Exploring the Effect of Different Mental Models on ADAS System Effectiveness. Database Systems for Advanced Applications. 2020; ():102-113.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiccardo Rossi; Massimiliano Gastaldi; Francesco Biondi; Federico Orsini; Giulia De Cet; Claudio Mulatti. 2020. "A Driving Simulator Study Exploring the Effect of Different Mental Models on ADAS System Effectiveness." Database Systems for Advanced Applications , no. : 102-113.
Jaume Barceló; Anna Sciomachen; Riccardo Rossi. Editorial. EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics 2020, 9, 100019 .
AMA StyleJaume Barceló, Anna Sciomachen, Riccardo Rossi. Editorial. EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics. 2020; 9 (3):100019.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaume Barceló; Anna Sciomachen; Riccardo Rossi. 2020. "Editorial." EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics 9, no. 3: 100019.
A general procedure for the validation of a driving simulation environment for the analysis of gap-acceptance behavior was developed in this study. It allows to test whether a synthetic indicator of gap-acceptance behavior (the mean critical gap) shows significant differences when computed on the basis of field observations versus observations collected in the simulated environment. If such differences are not significant, driver behavior can be considered similar in the two contexts, thus supporting validation of the driving simulation environment. In order to demonstrate its effectiveness, the proposed procedure is applied to the case of a three-leg roundabout located in the Veneto region (Italy). The results show that the mean critical gap estimated in the field and the mean critical gap estimated in the virtual environment are not significantly different. The proposed procedure can be applied in various contexts in which gap-acceptance behavior is a central element in terms of safety and operational performance of the traffic system under analysis.
Riccardo Rossi; Claudio Meneguzzer; Federico Orsini; Massimiliano Gastaldi. Gap-acceptance behavior at roundabouts: validation of a driving simulator environment using field observations. Transportation Research Procedia 2020, 47, 27 -34.
AMA StyleRiccardo Rossi, Claudio Meneguzzer, Federico Orsini, Massimiliano Gastaldi. Gap-acceptance behavior at roundabouts: validation of a driving simulator environment using field observations. Transportation Research Procedia. 2020; 47 ():27-34.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiccardo Rossi; Claudio Meneguzzer; Federico Orsini; Massimiliano Gastaldi. 2020. "Gap-acceptance behavior at roundabouts: validation of a driving simulator environment using field observations." Transportation Research Procedia 47, no. : 27-34.
The use of neural networks to predict airport passenger activity choices inside the terminal is presented in this paper. Three network architectures are proposed: Feedforward Neural Networks (FNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, and a combination of the two. Inputs to these models are both static (passenger and trip characteristics) and dynamic (real-time passenger tracking). A real-world case study exemplifies the application of these models, using anonymous WiFi traces collected at Bologna Airport to train the networks. The performance of the models were evaluated according to the misclassification rate of passenger activity choices. In the LSTM approach, two different multi-step forecasting strategies are tested. According to our findings, the direct LSTM approach provides better results than the FNN, especially when the prediction horizon is relatively short (20 minutes or less).
Federico Orsini; Massimiliano Gastaldi; Luca Mantecchini; Riccardo Rossi. Neural networks trained with WiFi traces to predict airport passenger behavior. 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleFederico Orsini, Massimiliano Gastaldi, Luca Mantecchini, Riccardo Rossi. Neural networks trained with WiFi traces to predict airport passenger behavior. . 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFederico Orsini; Massimiliano Gastaldi; Luca Mantecchini; Riccardo Rossi. 2019. "Neural networks trained with WiFi traces to predict airport passenger behavior." , no. : 1.
Jaume Barceló; Massimiliano Gastaldi; Riccardo Rossi. Editorial. Transportation Research Procedia 2018, 30, 1 -3.
AMA StyleJaume Barceló, Massimiliano Gastaldi, Riccardo Rossi. Editorial. Transportation Research Procedia. 2018; 30 ():1-3.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaume Barceló; Massimiliano Gastaldi; Riccardo Rossi. 2018. "Editorial." Transportation Research Procedia 30, no. : 1-3.
This work contributes to study the application of extreme value theory (EVT) in road safety analysis, estimating the risk of being involved in an entering–circulating collision in single-lane roundabouts. Detailed trajectory data of the vehicles were derived from a driving simulator experiment, and the time-to-collision (TTC) was used as a surrogate measure of safety. Three EVT approaches were applied, tested and compared: (1) the Generalized Extreme Value distribution used in the block maxima (BM) approach, (2) the Generalized Pareto Distribution used in the peak-over-threshold approach (POT), with negated-TTC (nTTC), and (3) shifted-reciprocal-TTC (srTTC). Case-study results analysis showed that BM and POT with shifted-reciprocal-TTC confidence intervals included the number of observed crashes, while POT with negated-TTC did not include it. According to these findings, both BM and POT-with-shifted-reciprocal-TTC appear promising and deserve further attention in order to develop effective ready-to-practice crash prediction models, useful in intersection design and operational analysis.
Federico Orsini; Gregorio Gecchele; Massimiliano Gastaldi; Riccardo Rossi. Collision prediction in roundabouts: a comparative study of extreme value theory approaches. Transportmetrica A: Transport Science 2018, 15, 556 -572.
AMA StyleFederico Orsini, Gregorio Gecchele, Massimiliano Gastaldi, Riccardo Rossi. Collision prediction in roundabouts: a comparative study of extreme value theory approaches. Transportmetrica A: Transport Science. 2018; 15 (2):556-572.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFederico Orsini; Gregorio Gecchele; Massimiliano Gastaldi; Riccardo Rossi. 2018. "Collision prediction in roundabouts: a comparative study of extreme value theory approaches." Transportmetrica A: Transport Science 15, no. 2: 556-572.
This work presents a decision support system for providing information and suggestions to airport users. The aim of the study is to design a system both to improve passengers' experience by reducing time-spent queuing and waiting and to raise airport revenues by increasing the time passengers spend in discretionary activities. Passengers' behaviour is modelled with an activity-choice model to be calibrated with their mobile phone traces. The model allows predicting activity sequences for passengers with given socio-demographic characteristics. To predict queue length at check-in desks and security control and congestion inside commercial areas, passengers' movements are simulated with a microscopic simulation tool. A system to generate suggestion has been designed: passengers are advised to perform mandatory activities when the predicted queue length is reasonable and specific discretionary activities according to time available, user profiles, location distance, location congestion and airport management preferences. A proof-of-concept case study has been developed: passengers' behaviour in both cases of receiving and not receiving suggestion has been simulated. In the first case, passengers experienced less queuing and waiting time; the time saved was spent in discretionary activities, improving passengers' airport experience and increasing airport revenues.
Riccardo Rossi; Massimiliano Gastaldi; Federico Orsini. How to drive passenger airport experience: a decision support system based on user profile. IET Intelligent Transport Systems 2018, 12, 301 -308.
AMA StyleRiccardo Rossi, Massimiliano Gastaldi, Federico Orsini. How to drive passenger airport experience: a decision support system based on user profile. IET Intelligent Transport Systems. 2018; 12 (4):301-308.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiccardo Rossi; Massimiliano Gastaldi; Federico Orsini. 2018. "How to drive passenger airport experience: a decision support system based on user profile." IET Intelligent Transport Systems 12, no. 4: 301-308.
Vehicle loop detectors or other equipment installed on highway sections are commonly used for monitoring traffic flow conditions on road networks. For operational analysis, it is essential to be able to distinguish low levels of service due to over-saturated conditions from those caused by extraordinary events such as incidents. In the case of incidents, prompt responses are crucial for activating any required countermeasures, such as rescue activation or traffic detours. Automatic Incident Detection methods for basic freeway segments are widely reported in the literature, but their application to freeway ramp merging zones is limited. This work introduces a control system which can identify incidents from vehicle loop detector data on freeway ramp merging zones. The system was developed with fuzzy logic concepts and calibrated with data from micro-simulation experiments. The main finding of this study is that the detection system, despite its simplicity, shows excellent False Alarm Rate (FAR) and satisfactory Detection Rate (DR) and Mean Time To Detection (MTTD), generally better than those obtained with the traditional California#7 comparative algorithm.
Riccardo Rossi; Massimiliano Gastaldi; Gregorio Gecchele. Automatic Incident Detection on Freeway Ramp Junctions. A Fuzzy Logic-Based System Using Loop Detector Data. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 2017, 370 -383.
AMA StyleRiccardo Rossi, Massimiliano Gastaldi, Gregorio Gecchele. Automatic Incident Detection on Freeway Ramp Junctions. A Fuzzy Logic-Based System Using Loop Detector Data. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2017; ():370-383.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiccardo Rossi; Massimiliano Gastaldi; Gregorio Gecchele. 2017. "Automatic Incident Detection on Freeway Ramp Junctions. A Fuzzy Logic-Based System Using Loop Detector Data." Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , no. : 370-383.
This work presents initial findings of a research project aimed at designing an assistance system able to improve driver ability and reduce accident risk. The proposed system is an innovative Advanced Driver Assistance System based on the integration of two main components: a training procedure based on precision teaching, and a control equipment monitoring driver behavior and providing feedbacks during regular driving and in critical traffic conditions. With reference to the first component, two driving simulator experiments were designed and implemented. Experiments aimed at demonstrating the effectiveness of precision teaching for training drivers and observing the effectiveness of the feedbacks system in enhancing vehicle control. Vehicle lateral position was considered as main dependent measure. Feedbacks were successful in improving vehicle position within the lane with lateral variability being reduced after three trials.
Riccardo Rossi; Gregorio Gecchele; Massimiliano Gastaldi; Francesco Biondi; Claudio Mulatti. An advanced driver assistance system for improving driver ability. Design and test in virtual environment. 2017 5th IEEE International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (MT-ITS) 2017, 509 -513.
AMA StyleRiccardo Rossi, Gregorio Gecchele, Massimiliano Gastaldi, Francesco Biondi, Claudio Mulatti. An advanced driver assistance system for improving driver ability. Design and test in virtual environment. 2017 5th IEEE International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (MT-ITS). 2017; ():509-513.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiccardo Rossi; Gregorio Gecchele; Massimiliano Gastaldi; Francesco Biondi; Claudio Mulatti. 2017. "An advanced driver assistance system for improving driver ability. Design and test in virtual environment." 2017 5th IEEE International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (MT-ITS) , no. : 509-513.
Akira Kawamura; Kazuya Tomiyama; Riccardo Rossi; Massimiliano Gastaldi; Claudio Mulatti. Driving on Rough Surface Requires Care and Attention. Transportation Research Procedia 2017, 22, 392 -398.
AMA StyleAkira Kawamura, Kazuya Tomiyama, Riccardo Rossi, Massimiliano Gastaldi, Claudio Mulatti. Driving on Rough Surface Requires Care and Attention. Transportation Research Procedia. 2017; 22 ():392-398.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAkira Kawamura; Kazuya Tomiyama; Riccardo Rossi; Massimiliano Gastaldi; Claudio Mulatti. 2017. "Driving on Rough Surface Requires Care and Attention." Transportation Research Procedia 22, no. : 392-398.
The increasing sensitivity of policy-makers towards more sustainable and healthy transport is leading to increased interest in cycling, especially in urban areas. However, at the same time, recent studies in Europe, US and other countries have stressed the fact that cyclist fatalities are still alarmingly frequent, and lead researchers to want improved knowledge about bicycle traffic flow theory and modeling. The challenge is to make available robust analysis methods and models for building effective and safe infrastructures, for increased cycling mobility combined with positive effects on transport and social systems. This work presents the application of a procedure for fitting bicycle time headways and bicycle speed distributions from traffic data collected along bike tracks. The general frame of the procedure, together with functional components and their mutual interactions, are reported here. The effects of flow rate in both directions (analyzed and opposite) on time headway and vehicle speed distributions were examined. The possibility of associating the probability density functions of bicycle time headways and speeds in various cycling traffic conditions is a significant and interesting advance with respect to previous works. The procedure was applied to cross-sections belonging to the cycling network of the city of Bologna (Italy). The analysis compared a set of headway and speed distribution models, highlighting their goodness-of-fit with reference to empirical distributions.
Riccardo Rossi; Alessandra Mantuano; Federico Pascucci; Federico Rupi. Fitting time headway and speed distributions for bicycles on separate bicycle lanes. Transportation Research Procedia 2017, 27, 19 -26.
AMA StyleRiccardo Rossi, Alessandra Mantuano, Federico Pascucci, Federico Rupi. Fitting time headway and speed distributions for bicycles on separate bicycle lanes. Transportation Research Procedia. 2017; 27 ():19-26.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiccardo Rossi; Alessandra Mantuano; Federico Pascucci; Federico Rupi. 2017. "Fitting time headway and speed distributions for bicycles on separate bicycle lanes." Transportation Research Procedia 27, no. : 19-26.
This study investigated whether multimodal redundant warnings presented by advanced assistance systems reduce brake response times. Warnings presented by assistance systems are designed to assist drivers by informing them that evasive driving maneuvers are needed in order to avoid a potential accident. If these warnings are poorly designed, they may distract drivers, slow their responses, and reduce road safety. In two experiments, participants drove a simulated vehicle equipped with a forward collision avoidance system. Auditory, vibrotactile, and multimodal warnings were presented when the time to collision was shorter than five seconds. The effects of these warnings were investigated with participants performing a concurrent cell phone conversation (Exp. 1) or driving in high-density traffic (Exp. 2). Braking times and subjective workload were measured. Multimodal redundant warnings elicited faster braking reaction times. These warnings were found to be effective even when talking on a cell phone (Exp. 1) or driving in dense traffic (Exp. 2). Multimodal warnings produced higher ratings of urgency, but ratings of frustration did not increase compared to other warnings. Findings obtained in these two experiments are important given that faster braking responses may reduce the potential for a collision.
Francesco Biondi; David L. Strayer; Riccardo Rossi; Massimiliano Gastaldi; Claudio Mulatti. Advanced driver assistance systems: Using multimodal redundant warnings to enhance road safety. Applied Ergonomics 2017, 58, 238 -244.
AMA StyleFrancesco Biondi, David L. Strayer, Riccardo Rossi, Massimiliano Gastaldi, Claudio Mulatti. Advanced driver assistance systems: Using multimodal redundant warnings to enhance road safety. Applied Ergonomics. 2017; 58 ():238-244.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Biondi; David L. Strayer; Riccardo Rossi; Massimiliano Gastaldi; Claudio Mulatti. 2017. "Advanced driver assistance systems: Using multimodal redundant warnings to enhance road safety." Applied Ergonomics 58, no. : 238-244.
The traditional approach to the comparison of alternative types of road intersection control has focused mainly on efficiency and safety. In recent years, the increasing importance of air pollution produced by vehicular traffic has suggested that environmental considerations should be added to the above aspects as a criterion for intersection design. This study describes a before-and-after analysis conducted on a road intersection where a roundabout has replaced a traffic signal. Using a Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS) installed on a test car, the instantaneous emissions of CO2, NOX and CO have been measured over repeated trips along a designated route. A total of 396 trips have been carried out in different traffic conditions and in opposite directions along the chosen route. Using statistical methods the existence of significant differences in emissions attributable to the type of intersection control has been investigated based on the experimental data. The results indicate that replacing the traffic signal with the roundabout tends to reduce CO2 emissions, even if the differences are not always statistically significant; on the contrary, the signalized intersection performs better in terms of NOX emissions. Finally, results are less clear for CO emissions, and differences are statistically non significant in most cases
Claudio Meneguzzer; Massimiliano Gastaldi; Riccardo Rossi; Gregorio Gecchele; Maria Vittoria Prati. Comparison of exhaust emissions at intersections under traffic signal versus roundabout control using an instrumented vehicle. Transportation Research Procedia 2017, 25, 1597 -1609.
AMA StyleClaudio Meneguzzer, Massimiliano Gastaldi, Riccardo Rossi, Gregorio Gecchele, Maria Vittoria Prati. Comparison of exhaust emissions at intersections under traffic signal versus roundabout control using an instrumented vehicle. Transportation Research Procedia. 2017; 25 ():1597-1609.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudio Meneguzzer; Massimiliano Gastaldi; Riccardo Rossi; Gregorio Gecchele; Maria Vittoria Prati. 2017. "Comparison of exhaust emissions at intersections under traffic signal versus roundabout control using an instrumented vehicle." Transportation Research Procedia 25, no. : 1597-1609.
Yuval Hadas; Avi Tillman; Tova Rosenbloom; Riccardo Rossi; Massimiliano Gastaldi. Drivers' Attitude Towards Caffeine Chewing Gum As Countermeasure To Driver Task-Related Fatigue. Transportation Research Procedia 2017, 22, 362 -371.
AMA StyleYuval Hadas, Avi Tillman, Tova Rosenbloom, Riccardo Rossi, Massimiliano Gastaldi. Drivers' Attitude Towards Caffeine Chewing Gum As Countermeasure To Driver Task-Related Fatigue. Transportation Research Procedia. 2017; 22 ():362-371.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuval Hadas; Avi Tillman; Tova Rosenbloom; Riccardo Rossi; Massimiliano Gastaldi. 2017. "Drivers' Attitude Towards Caffeine Chewing Gum As Countermeasure To Driver Task-Related Fatigue." Transportation Research Procedia 22, no. : 362-371.
Natural and man-created disasters, such as hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, accidents and terrorist attacks, require evacuation and assistance routes. Evacuation routes are mostly based on the capacities of the road network. However, in extreme cases, such as earthquakes, road network infrastructure may adversely be affected, and may not supply their required capacities. If for various situations, the potential damage for critical roads can be identified in advance, it is possible to develop an evacuation model, that can be used in various situations. This paper focuses on the development of a model for the design of an optimal evacuation network which simultaneously minimizes retrofit costs of critical links (bridges, tunnels, etc.) and evacuation time. The model considers infrastructures’ vulnerability (as a stochastic function which is dependent on the event location and magnitude), road network, transportation demand and evacuation areas. Furthermore, the model evaluates the benefits of managed evacuation (system optimum) when compared to unmanaged evacuation (user equilibrium). The paper presents a mathematic model for the presented problem. However, since an optimal solution cannot be found within a reasonable timeframe, a heuristic model is presented as well. This heuristic model is based on evolutionary algorithms, which also provides a mechanism for solving the problem as a multi-objective stochastic problem. Using a real-world data, the algorithm is evaluated and compared to the unmanaged evacuation conditions. The results clearly demonstrate the advantages of managed evacuation, as the average travel time can be reduced by 5% to 30%.
Oren E. Nahum; Yuval Hadas; Mariano Zanini; Carlo Pellegrino; Riccardo Rossi; Massimiliano Gastaldi. Stochastic Multi-Objective Evacuation Model Under Managed and Unmanaged policies. Transportation Research Procedia 2017, 27, 728 -735.
AMA StyleOren E. Nahum, Yuval Hadas, Mariano Zanini, Carlo Pellegrino, Riccardo Rossi, Massimiliano Gastaldi. Stochastic Multi-Objective Evacuation Model Under Managed and Unmanaged policies. Transportation Research Procedia. 2017; 27 ():728-735.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOren E. Nahum; Yuval Hadas; Mariano Zanini; Carlo Pellegrino; Riccardo Rossi; Massimiliano Gastaldi. 2017. "Stochastic Multi-Objective Evacuation Model Under Managed and Unmanaged policies." Transportation Research Procedia 27, no. : 728-735.
本研究は,車両乗員の安全性および快適性の観点から,路面のラフネスとヒトの精神的ストレスおよび認知に関わる生理心理応答との関係について,ドライビングシミュレータを用いた走行試験を実施し検討したものである.結果として,国際ラフネス指数(IRI)の増加に伴い,心理応答である反応時間が有意に増加する場合,生理的な心拍変動指標により定量化された短期および長期的な精神的ストレスが共に増加することがわかった.この結果より,ラフネスの増加は,快適性の低下のみならず,疲労の増加に伴う反応時間の増加により,安全性の低下につながることを明らかにした.また,ヒトの生理心理反応に基づき,幹線道路におけるIRIの許容限界について検討したところ,5.4 mm/mとなり,既存の研究成果を裏付ける結果が得られた.
Kazuya Tomiyama; Akira Kawamura; Riccardo Rossi; Massimiliano Gastaldi; Claudio Mulatti. PHYSIOPSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF VEHICLE PASSENGERS TO SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND THE ACCEPTABLE LIMIT. Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. E1 (Pavement Engineering) 2017, 73, I_89 -I_96.
AMA StyleKazuya Tomiyama, Akira Kawamura, Riccardo Rossi, Massimiliano Gastaldi, Claudio Mulatti. PHYSIOPSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF VEHICLE PASSENGERS TO SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND THE ACCEPTABLE LIMIT. Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. E1 (Pavement Engineering). 2017; 73 (3):I_89-I_96.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKazuya Tomiyama; Akira Kawamura; Riccardo Rossi; Massimiliano Gastaldi; Claudio Mulatti. 2017. "PHYSIOPSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF VEHICLE PASSENGERS TO SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND THE ACCEPTABLE LIMIT." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. E1 (Pavement Engineering) 73, no. 3: I_89-I_96.