Troporhysipolis gen. nov. with four included species is described and illustrated. The type species, Clinocentrus antefurcalis Granger, 1949, is Afrotropical with unknown biology. We additionally recognise three new species from eastern lowland of Papua New Guinea, T. brenthiaphagus sp. nov., T. markshawi sp. nov. and T. molecularis sp. nov., all three of which were reared from leaf-rolling larvae of the family Choreutidae (Lepidoptera). The genus can be distinguished by the combination of fore wing vein cu-a (nervulus) being antefurcal and the second subdiscal (brachial) cell subparallel-sided, widened and formed of mainly thickened veins. The new genus is tentatively placed in the Rhysipolinae based on the arrangement of the occipital and hypostomal carinae, and partly on molecular phylogenetic analysis using the barcoding cytochrome oxidase 1 gene fragment and the D2 variable region of nuclear 28S rDNA. T. molecularis sp. nov. hardly differs from T. brenthiaphagus sp. nov. morphologically and ...

Parasitoids are predominantly insects that develop as larvae on or inside their host, also usually another insect, ultimately killing it after various periods of parasitism when both parasitoid larva and host are alive. The very large wasp superfamily Ichneumonoidea is composed of parasitoids of other insects and comprises a minimum of 100,000 species. The superfamily is dominated by two similarly sized families, Braconidae and Ichneumonidae, which are collectively divided into approximately 80 subfamilies. Of these, six have been shown to release DNA-containing virus-like particles, encoded within the wasp genome, classified in the virus family Polydnaviridae. Polydnaviruses infect and have profound effects on host physiology in conjunction with various venom and ovarial secretions, and have attracted an immense amount of research interest. Physiological interactions between the remaining ichneumonoids and their hosts result from adult venom gland secretions and in some cases, ovarian or larval secretions. Here we review the literature on the relatively few studies on the effects and chemistry of these ichneumonoid venoms and make suggestions for interesting future research areas. In particular, we highlight relatively or potentially easily culturable systems with features largely lacking in currently studied systems and whose study may lead to new insights into the roles of venom chemistry in host-parasitoid relationships as well as their evolution.

A new species of Aleiodes (Hemigyroneuron) from Saudi Arabia is described and illustrated. It represents the first species known from outside of sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, South East Asia and the East Palaearctic. It belongs to a species group comprising A. (H.) plurivena, glandularis and sharkeyi, but displays even more derived wing venation which is remarkably convergent with that of two distantly related rogadine genera, Gyroneuron and Gyroneuronella.