Background: Many people with eating disorders often report having suffered some kind of childhood trauma. For this reason, many studies have attempted to explore the mediating factors between traumatic experiences and the development of eating disorders. The aim of our study is to conduct a systematic review of published works on the mediating factors between childhood trauma and the development of eating disorders. Method: This review was carried out up to 5 December, 2020, using the databases PsycInfo and PubMed, combining the keywords, and applying a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: A total of 18 articles were retrieved. After the articles were analyzed, a set of mediating factors between childhood trauma and the development of eating disorders was established, including pathological dissociation, difficulty with emotion self-regulation, body dissatisfaction, negative affect/depression, anxiety, general distress, self-criticism, and alexithymia, among others. Conclusions: In addition to evaluating trauma in eating disorders, these results highlight the importance of paying special attention to the presence of various possible mediating factors, which must be taken into account in the planning of therapeutic treatment. Identifying symptoms of trauma or eating disorders early on could prevent onset of more severe psychopathology during adulthood.

Background: many people with different diagnoses, including eating disorders, have suffered traumatic experiences in childhood. Method: a case-control study was performed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of child trauma and dissociative symptoms in people with eating disorders and compare the results obtained with a control group. Participants were administered the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and the Structured Clinical Interview for Personality Disorders (SCID-II) to confirm diagnostic criteria and explore possible comorbidities. Traumatic experiences in childhood were evaluated with the Child Trauma Questionnaire in its abbreviated version (CTQ-SF), psychoform dissociation was measured with the Scale of Dissociative Experiences (DES-II) and somatoform dissociation with the Somatoform Dissociation Scale (SDQ-20). Results: women with eating disorders reported a greater severity and higher prevalence of child trauma than the control group. Significant differences were found by groups in dissociative symptoms. Conclusions: our results, in a Spanish sample, confirm the findings of previous studies.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is considered an idiopathic condition characterised by diffuse and chronic musculoskeletal pain. Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to traumatic events may be associated with an increased likelihood of developing this multifaceted disorder. This systematic review examines the role of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the etiology and progression of FM, aiming to synthesise findings from published literature on the PTSD-FM association over the past thirty years. This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Relevant studies published between 1993 and 2023 were identified through a comprehensive search of the PubMed, ProQuest, and Scopus databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, yielding a final selection of 20 articles. These studies were assessed based on their methodological quality, as well as the relevance of their objectives, sample populations, and findings. The results indicate an association between FM and PTSD, with some evidence linking PTSD to greater FM symptom severity. Limited evidence also suggests an association between PTSD and increased likelihood of FM development. These findings highlight the need for an interdisciplinary, biopsychosocial approach to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of FM and PTSD. Methodological limitations were identified across the included studies, such as the absence of a biopsychosocial perspective, reliance on self-reported PTSD assessments, small and unrepresentative samples, and inconsistent control of psychological factors. Future research should adopt rigorous diagnostic methods, incorporate biopsychosocial frameworks, use larger and more representative samples, and employ longitudinal designs to enhance generalisability and deepen understanding of the relationship between PTSD and FM.

BACKGROUND For subjects with gender dysphoria, body image is an important aspect of their condition. These people sometimes exhibit a strong desire to change their primary and secondary sexual characteristics. In addition, idealization of beauty has grown in importance and it may increase body dissatisfaction. The aim of this paper is to analyze whether body dissatisfaction in people with gender dysphoria is similar to that in clinical population or if it is more similar to that which may appear in general population. We also looked at gender differences in body dissatisfaction. METHODS A set of questionnaires was administered to patients with gender dysphoria: Eating Attitudes Test ( EAT26), body dissatisfaction sub- scale of Eating disorder inventory- two ( EDI- 2) and IMAGEN questionnaire. RESULTS In the case of body dissatisfaction subscale of Eating disorder inventory- two with a cut- off 11; body dissatisfaction in our sample was close to the level presented in clinical population. However, using cutoff points 14 and 16, they exhibited a body dissatisfaction level that was similar to the general population. The same occurred for the IMAGEN questionnaire. No gender differences were found when looking at the level of dissatisfaction. CONCLUSIONS The data seem to indicate that people with gender dysphoria would be at an intermediate point in relation to body dissatisfaction between general population and clinical population; in both female and male transsexuals. It seems that some level of body dissatisfaction may be perceived in relation to the ideal of beauty, but this dissatisfaction is significantly lower than in clinical populations.

Anatomical study, rooted in tradition spanning centuries, has historically been based on the methodology of dissections and the use of book illustrations. Currently, various teaching methodologies have emerged for the training of health sciences students, among which 3D applications of anatomical models stand out. This study aims to investigate which 3D anatomy apps are most used by health science students and their perception of the usefulness of these apps for studying anatomy—specifically, to what extent they believe these apps contribute to the acquisition of academic, cognitive, and interaction competencies related to the anatomy course. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in which 88 students from the fields of Medicine and other Health Sciences at several Spanish universities completed a survey that included questions about the use of 3D anatomy apps and the competencies outlined in the official anatomy course syllabus at Spanish universities. The results show that 3D anatomy apps are commonly used (74.2% of participants) and positively affect the students’ anatomical study, as most participants (84.95%) found these apps useful both in their learning process and for increasing their academic motivation. These apps seem to contribute much or very much to the acquisition of competencies related to the understanding of anatomical structure and morphology (81.82% and 78.79%, respectively), although their contribution to the study of anatomical function is less significant (21.21%). Remarkable results were also obtained in relation to the perceived contribution of other cognitive and interaction skills linked to the study of anatomy. For the first time, this study collected data on the use of 3D apps by Health Science students from Spanish universities. Furthermore, this study provides insight into which specific competencies are most benefited by the use of 3D anatomy apps, suggesting future improvements to these apps to enhance the acquisition of certain competencies, which will ultimately improve the teaching–learning process of anatomy through these applications.