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Dams enable the production of food and renewable energy, making them a crucial tool for both economic development and climate change adaptation in low- and middle-income countries. However, dams may also disrupt traditional livelihood systems and increase the transmission of vector- and water-borne pathogens. These livelihood and health impacts diminish the benefits of dams to rural populations dependent on rivers, as hydrological and ecological alterations change flood regimes, reduce nutrient transport and lead to the loss of biodiversity. We propose four agricultural innovations for promoting equity, health, sustainable development, and climate resilience in dammed watersheds: (1) restoring migratory aquatic species, (2) removing submerged vegetation and transforming it into an agricultural resource, (3) restoring environmental flows and (4) integrating agriculture and aquaculture. As investment in dams accelerates in low- and middle-income countries, appropriately addressing their livelihood and health impacts can improve the sustainability of modern agriculture and economic development in a changing climate.
Andrea Lund; David Lopez-Carr; Susanne Sokolow; Jason Rohr; Giulio De Leo. Agricultural Innovations to Reduce the Health Impacts of Dams. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1869 .
AMA StyleAndrea Lund, David Lopez-Carr, Susanne Sokolow, Jason Rohr, Giulio De Leo. Agricultural Innovations to Reduce the Health Impacts of Dams. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):1869.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Lund; David Lopez-Carr; Susanne Sokolow; Jason Rohr; Giulio De Leo. 2021. "Agricultural Innovations to Reduce the Health Impacts of Dams." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1869.
The ecosystem services concept has emerged as a guiding principle in natural resource management over the past two decades, and an ecosystem services approach to management is currently mandated as a core element of United States National Forest planning. However, the concept of ecosystem services has been interpreted and operationalized in a variety of ways, leaving a pronounced knowledge gap regarding how it is understood and implemented in different contexts. To better understand the conceptualization and implementation of the concept within United States National Forests, semi-structured interviews with planners and managers of the Pacific Northwest Region were conducted at the region, forest, and ranger district levels, addressing the following topics: (1) how has the ecosystem services concept been perceived by managers and planners?; (2) what are the perceived key ecosystem services offered by National Forest lands?; (3) how has the concept been applied at multiple spatial scales?; and (4) what are perceived challenges or opportunities related to applying the concept in the National Forest context? Results indicate that although participants had a high level of understanding of the ecosystem services concept, there was not a clear, widely adopted approach to considering ecosystem services in management. Through qualitative analysis, three general perspectives arose: one employed the concept to fulfill regulatory requirements at the National Forest scale, a second engaged with ecosystem services to improve participatory planning at the project scale, and a third, business as usual perspective, considered ecosystem services as new language for describing longstanding National Forest priorities. These results draw attention to the challenges of implementing an ecosystem services-based approach in the United States National Forest context and the continued need for the development of management-relevant methods for describing and quantifying ecosystem services.
Stephen Crook; Arielle Levine; David Lopez-Carr. Perceptions and Application of the Ecosystem Services Approach among Pacific Northwest National Forest Managers. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1259 .
AMA StyleStephen Crook, Arielle Levine, David Lopez-Carr. Perceptions and Application of the Ecosystem Services Approach among Pacific Northwest National Forest Managers. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1259.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStephen Crook; Arielle Levine; David Lopez-Carr. 2021. "Perceptions and Application of the Ecosystem Services Approach among Pacific Northwest National Forest Managers." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1259.
Subsistence fishing is almost exclusively recognized within rural, indigenous and Native fishing traditions; yet research indicates many underprivileged, non-indigenous urban communities also derive social, nutritional, and cultural benefits from coastal resources. In California, pier fishers are an often overlooked and potentially vulnerable community of practitioners who may include subsistence fishers. Pier fishers' informal, unlicensed status means their rates of catch and consumption of fish are scarcely documented, and scant research probes the demographics, motivations, and practices of the pier fishing community. Using survey data collected at active fishing piers in Santa Barbara County, we examine the perceptions, practices, and characteristics of pier fishers. We present common attributes used to define subsistence fishing in the literature and discuss their application in a “recreational” urban context. Although the specific qualities will vary across contexts, we suggest three suitable and interdependent factors for recognizing urban subsistence fishing: 1) reported consumption frequency, 2) fishers' socioeconomic status, and 3) the social, cultural and psychological “process benefits” identified by fishers. Our findings indicate that pier fishing is a form of subsistence, particularly benefiting low-income, Latino and Asian/Pacific Islander fishers in Santa Barbara County. These results challenge commonly used criteria and assumptions about subsistence practices, and demonstrate the flexibility of fishers to meet multiple individual and collective needs. We propose that marine regulations and policies recognize subsistence fishing as a dimension of coastal resource use in California, and consider its potential contributions to urban food security and community well-being.
Barbara Quimby; Stephen Es. Crook; Karly Marie Miller; Jorge Ruiz; David Lopez-Carr. Identifying, defining and exploring angling as urban subsistence: Pier fishing in Santa Barbara, California. Marine Policy 2020, 121, 104197 .
AMA StyleBarbara Quimby, Stephen Es. Crook, Karly Marie Miller, Jorge Ruiz, David Lopez-Carr. Identifying, defining and exploring angling as urban subsistence: Pier fishing in Santa Barbara, California. Marine Policy. 2020; 121 ():104197.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarbara Quimby; Stephen Es. Crook; Karly Marie Miller; Jorge Ruiz; David Lopez-Carr. 2020. "Identifying, defining and exploring angling as urban subsistence: Pier fishing in Santa Barbara, California." Marine Policy 121, no. : 104197.
Resettlement of local people from protected areas (PAs) has been regarded as a preferred method to alleviate human disturbance and environmental pressure. Lack of knowledge about local communities' perceptions of resettlement, however, can lead to failed relocation projects and negative impacts on environmental sustainability and livelihoods. To better understand local communities' perception of relocation in PAs, we examine factors that affect local communities' willingness to relocate in Dashanbao Protected Area (DPA), an important location for conservation of the rare Black-necked Crane and the subject of a large-scale relocation policy in China. We surveyed 512 households in DPA and used multiple logistic regression to identify which factors predict local communities' willingness to relocate. Then, we examined how local communities' opinions of different payment for environmental services programs (PES) impacted their willingness to relocate. The results indicated that participation in a PES program for wetland conservation significantly decreases willingness, while distance from scenic spots and roads increases willingness. Furthermore, participants in the PES program for wetlands had a greater positive perception of the benefits from the DPA. Concern about a sustainable livelihood and loss of a sense of belonging represent the two main categories or ‘clusters’ of reasons explaining unwillingness to relocate. Our results suggest that prior experience with PES programs influences attitudes about relocation, and that integrating the perception of local communities into policy is important to the success of conservation programs relying on relocation. Managers and decision-makers could usefully consider the coupled relationships between sustainable livelihood strategies such as PES, attitudes toward relocation, and conservation benefits when working with communities in PAs toward enhanced livelihoods and conservation.
Wanting Peng; David López-Carr; Chengzhao Wu; Xin Wang; Travis Longcore. What factors influence the willingness of protected area communities to relocate? China's ecological relocation policy for Dashanbao Protected Area. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 727, 138364 .
AMA StyleWanting Peng, David López-Carr, Chengzhao Wu, Xin Wang, Travis Longcore. What factors influence the willingness of protected area communities to relocate? China's ecological relocation policy for Dashanbao Protected Area. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 727 ():138364.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWanting Peng; David López-Carr; Chengzhao Wu; Xin Wang; Travis Longcore. 2020. "What factors influence the willingness of protected area communities to relocate? China's ecological relocation policy for Dashanbao Protected Area." Science of The Total Environment 727, no. : 138364.
This project examines the relationship between migration, population, and economic processes, and forest cover change in Mexico from 2001 to 2010. Using multiple regression analyses with remotely-sensed, significant (p < 0.10) change in woody vegetation from 2001 to 2010 as our dependent variable, we explore how environmental, migration, demographic, and economic indicators at the national and sub-national biome scales are associated with forest cover change. Results highlight the importance of international migration in forest cover change, demonstrating that international (and internal) migration processes should also be included in LU/CC research and deforestation policy.
Daniel Ervin; David Lopéz-Carr; Fernando Riosmena; Sadie J. Ryan. Examining the relationship between migration and forest cover change in Mexico from 2001 to 2010. Land Use Policy 2019, 91, 104334 .
AMA StyleDaniel Ervin, David Lopéz-Carr, Fernando Riosmena, Sadie J. Ryan. Examining the relationship between migration and forest cover change in Mexico from 2001 to 2010. Land Use Policy. 2019; 91 ():104334.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Ervin; David Lopéz-Carr; Fernando Riosmena; Sadie J. Ryan. 2019. "Examining the relationship between migration and forest cover change in Mexico from 2001 to 2010." Land Use Policy 91, no. : 104334.
Human schistosomiasis is a snail-borne parasitic disease affecting more than 200 million people worldwide. Direct contact with snail-infested freshwater is the primary route of exposure. Water management infrastructure, including dams and irrigation schemes, expands snail habitat, increasing the risk across the landscape. The Diama Dam, built on the lower basin of the Senegal River to prevent saltwater intrusion and promote year-round agriculture in the drought-prone Sahel, is a paradigmatic case. Since dam completion in 1986, the rural population-whose livelihoods rely mostly on agriculture-has suffered high rates of schistosome infection. The region remains one of the most hyperendemic regions in the world. Because of the convergence between livelihoods and environmental conditions favorable to transmission, schistosomiasis is considered an illustrative case of a disease-driven poverty trap (DDPT). The literature to date on the topic, however, remains largely theoretical. With qualitative data generated from 12 focus groups in four villages, we conducted team-based theme analysis to investigate how perception of schistosomiasis risk and reported preventive behaviors may suggest the presence of a DDPT. Our analysis reveals three key findings: 1) rural villagers understand schistosomiasis risk (i.e., where and when infections occur), 2) accordingly, they adopt some preventive behaviors, but ultimately, 3) exposure persists, because of circumstances characteristic of rural livelihoods. These findings highlight the capacity of local populations to participate actively in schistosomiasis control programs and the limitations of widespread drug treatment campaigns. Interventions that target the environmental reservoir of disease may provide opportunities to reduce exposure while maintaining resource-dependent livelihoods.
Andrea Lund; Mouhamadou Moustapha Sam; Alioune Badara Sy; Omar W. Sow; Sofia Ali; Susanne H. Sokolow; Sylvia Bereknyei Merrell; Janine Bruce; Nicolas Jouanard; Simon Senghor; Gilles Riveau; David Lopez-Carr; Giulio A. De Leo. Unavoidable Risks: Local Perspectives on Water Contact Behavior and Implications for Schistosomiasis Control in an Agricultural Region of Northern Senegal. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2019, 101, 837 -847.
AMA StyleAndrea Lund, Mouhamadou Moustapha Sam, Alioune Badara Sy, Omar W. Sow, Sofia Ali, Susanne H. Sokolow, Sylvia Bereknyei Merrell, Janine Bruce, Nicolas Jouanard, Simon Senghor, Gilles Riveau, David Lopez-Carr, Giulio A. De Leo. Unavoidable Risks: Local Perspectives on Water Contact Behavior and Implications for Schistosomiasis Control in an Agricultural Region of Northern Senegal. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2019; 101 (4):837-847.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Lund; Mouhamadou Moustapha Sam; Alioune Badara Sy; Omar W. Sow; Sofia Ali; Susanne H. Sokolow; Sylvia Bereknyei Merrell; Janine Bruce; Nicolas Jouanard; Simon Senghor; Gilles Riveau; David Lopez-Carr; Giulio A. De Leo. 2019. "Unavoidable Risks: Local Perspectives on Water Contact Behavior and Implications for Schistosomiasis Control in an Agricultural Region of Northern Senegal." The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 101, no. 4: 837-847.
Cascade Tuholske; Zachary Tane; David López-Carr; Dar Roberts; Susan Cassels. Thirty years of land use/cover change in the Caribbean: Assessing the relationship between urbanization and mangrove loss in Roatán, Honduras. Applied Geography 2017, 88, 84 -93.
AMA StyleCascade Tuholske, Zachary Tane, David López-Carr, Dar Roberts, Susan Cassels. Thirty years of land use/cover change in the Caribbean: Assessing the relationship between urbanization and mangrove loss in Roatán, Honduras. Applied Geography. 2017; 88 ():84-93.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCascade Tuholske; Zachary Tane; David López-Carr; Dar Roberts; Susan Cassels. 2017. "Thirty years of land use/cover change in the Caribbean: Assessing the relationship between urbanization and mangrove loss in Roatán, Honduras." Applied Geography 88, no. : 84-93.
Despite growing research into the socio-economic aspects of vulnerability [1]-[4], relatively little work has linked population dynamics with climate change beyond the complex relationship between migration and climate change [5]. It is likely, however, that most people experience climate change in situ, so understanding the role of population dynamics remains critical. How a given number of people, in a given location and with varying population characteristics may exacerbate or mitigate the impacts of climate change or how, conversely, they may be vulnerable to climate change impacts are basic questions that remain largely unresolved [6]. This paper explores where and to what extent population dynamics intersect with high exposure to climate change. Specifically, in Eastern Africa's Lake Victoria Basin (LVB), a climate change/health vulnerability hotspot we have identified in prior research [7], we model child undernutrition vulnerability indices based on climate variables, including proxy measures (NDVI) derived from satellite imagery, at a 5-km spatial resolution. Results suggest that vegetation changes associated with precipitation decline in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa can help predict deteriorating child health.
David López-Carr; Kevin M. Mwenda; Narcisa G. Pricope; Phaedon C. Kyriakidis; Marta M. Jankowska; John Weeks; Chris Funk; Gregory Husak; Joel Michaelsen. Climate-Related Child Undernutrition in the Lake Victoria Basin: An Integrated Spatial Analysis of Health Surveys, NDVI, and Precipitation Data. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 2016, 9, 2830 -2835.
AMA StyleDavid López-Carr, Kevin M. Mwenda, Narcisa G. Pricope, Phaedon C. Kyriakidis, Marta M. Jankowska, John Weeks, Chris Funk, Gregory Husak, Joel Michaelsen. Climate-Related Child Undernutrition in the Lake Victoria Basin: An Integrated Spatial Analysis of Health Surveys, NDVI, and Precipitation Data. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. 2016; 9 (6):2830-2835.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid López-Carr; Kevin M. Mwenda; Narcisa G. Pricope; Phaedon C. Kyriakidis; Marta M. Jankowska; John Weeks; Chris Funk; Gregory Husak; Joel Michaelsen. 2016. "Climate-Related Child Undernutrition in the Lake Victoria Basin: An Integrated Spatial Analysis of Health Surveys, NDVI, and Precipitation Data." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 9, no. 6: 2830-2835.
This study examines landscape changes in the context of China's national Grain for Green (GFG) policy, one of the world's largest "payment for environmental/ecosystem services" (PES) programs. We explored landscape structures and dynamics between 2000 and 2010 in Shaanxi Province, the Chinese province with the greatest amount of cropland conversion and reforestation in recent decades. We used Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM)-derived data and landscape metrics for six land cover classes to determine (1) the major land cover changes during enforcement of the policy, (2) the spatial and temporal variations in these changes, and (3) the effects of land cover changes on landscape structure and dynamics. The results suggested that provincial-level land cover changes modestly reflected the goals of the GFG. Over the 10-year study period, the forest and grassland coverages expanded from 95,737.9 to 97,017.4 km(2) and from 37,235.9 to 40,613.1 km(2), respectively, while the cropland coverage decreased from 59,222.8 to 54,007.6 km(2). The conversion direction differed regionally: the targeted croplands in Shanbei, namely, types III and IV, were mainly transformed into grassland while those in Shannan were mainly transformed into forestland. Reforestation was associated with increased inter-landscape aggregation and connection. Despite this large-scale reforestation trend, we found notable and significant differences in the land cover changes at the subprovincial level.
Hai Chen; Jessica Marter-Kenyon; David López-Carr; Xiao-Ying Liang. Land cover and landscape changes in Shaanxi Province during China’s Grain for Green Program (2000–2010). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2015, 187, 1 .
AMA StyleHai Chen, Jessica Marter-Kenyon, David López-Carr, Xiao-Ying Liang. Land cover and landscape changes in Shaanxi Province during China’s Grain for Green Program (2000–2010). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2015; 187 (10):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHai Chen; Jessica Marter-Kenyon; David López-Carr; Xiao-Ying Liang. 2015. "Land cover and landscape changes in Shaanxi Province during China’s Grain for Green Program (2000–2010)." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 187, no. 10: 1.
DefinitionThe concept of place utility was introduced in a pair of articles published in the mid-1960s by Princeton geographer Julian Wolpert. In the first (1965), he coined the term “place utility” to describe “the net composite of utilities which are derived from the individual’s integration at some position in space.” Based on past experiences, both positive and negative, the individual measures the utility of the place in which he/she presently resides. According to Wolpert, place utility is operationalized by migrants or potential migrants who assess the outstanding attributes of their current place of residence relative to those same aggregate characteristics of a potential place of migration destination. Traditionally, most migrants have little or no personal experience in the potential destination. They make a judgment based on information they hear or read about, rather than from personal experience. In sum, Wolpert theorized that people will base their migration decisions on ...
David López-Carr; Daniel Phillips. Place Utility. Encyclopedia of Migration 2015, 1 -3.
AMA StyleDavid López-Carr, Daniel Phillips. Place Utility. Encyclopedia of Migration. 2015; ():1-3.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid López-Carr; Daniel Phillips. 2015. "Place Utility." Encyclopedia of Migration , no. : 1-3.
Analyzing the interaction between environmental policies and farmers’ responses to them is an important dimension to understand regional agro-ecosystem sustainability. We examine land-use outcomes of perhaps the largest government-planned rural reforestation program in the history of humankind, China’s “Grain for Green” (GFG) policy from 1999 to 2006. Specifically, we simulate household responses to the GFG policy in Western China’s Shaanxi Province, a region experiencing acute climate and land change-related environmental degradation. We develop a “farmer group decision-making model” to simulate the probability of land-use change. Elevation, slope, and farm household characteristics emerge as key factors influencing farmers’ land-use decisions and subsequent land-use patterns. Land reversion and abandonment in the study area have been significantly affected by the GFG program. Policy recommendations suggest potential avenues to enhance the effectiveness of the GFG program and to improve the efficient use of under-used farmland. Results may help inform the Chinese government as it crafts policy guiding a coupled rural migration and reforestation program of unprecedented scale.
Hai Chen; David López-Carr; Yan Tan; Jing Xi; Xiaoying Liang. China’s Grain for Green policy and farm dynamics: simulating household land-use responses. Regional Environmental Change 2015, 16, 1147 -1159.
AMA StyleHai Chen, David López-Carr, Yan Tan, Jing Xi, Xiaoying Liang. China’s Grain for Green policy and farm dynamics: simulating household land-use responses. Regional Environmental Change. 2015; 16 (4):1147-1159.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHai Chen; David López-Carr; Yan Tan; Jing Xi; Xiaoying Liang. 2015. "China’s Grain for Green policy and farm dynamics: simulating household land-use responses." Regional Environmental Change 16, no. 4: 1147-1159.
Ecological migration policy has been proposed and implemented as a means for depopulating ecological restoration areas in the arid Northwest China. Migration intention is critical to the effectiveness of ecological migration policy. However, studies on migration intention in relation to ecological migration policy in China remain scant. Thus this paper aims to investigate the rural residents’ migration intentions and their affecting factors under ecological migration policy in Minqin County, an ecological restoration area, located at the lower terminus of Shiyang River Basin in arid Northwest China. The data for this study come from a randomly sampled household questionnaire survey. Results from logistic regression modelling indicate that most residents do not intend to migrate, despite rigid eco-environmental conditions and governance polices threatening livelihood sustainability. In addition to demographic and socio-economic factors, the eco-environmental factors are also significantly correlated with the possibility of a resident intending to migrate. The implications of the significant independent variables for the sustainability of ecological migration policy are discussed. The paper concludes that ecological migration policies may ultimately be more sustainable when taking into account household interests within complex migration intention contexts, such as household livelihoods dynamics and environmental change.
Yongjin Li; David López-Carr; Wenjiang Chen. Factors Affecting Migration Intentions in Ecological Restoration Areas and Their Implications for the Sustainability of Ecological Migration Policy in Arid Northwest China. Sustainability 2014, 6, 8639 -8660.
AMA StyleYongjin Li, David López-Carr, Wenjiang Chen. Factors Affecting Migration Intentions in Ecological Restoration Areas and Their Implications for the Sustainability of Ecological Migration Policy in Arid Northwest China. Sustainability. 2014; 6 (12):8639-8660.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYongjin Li; David López-Carr; Wenjiang Chen. 2014. "Factors Affecting Migration Intentions in Ecological Restoration Areas and Their Implications for the Sustainability of Ecological Migration Policy in Arid Northwest China." Sustainability 6, no. 12: 8639-8660.
Payment for ecosystem services programs are being implemented in a wide variety of settings, but whether and in what contexts such programs present ‘win–win’ scenarios that simultaneously improve human well-being and achieve conservation goals remains poorly understood. Based on semi-structured interviews with early program participants enrolling either collectively- or individually-held land, we evaluated whether and how SocioPáramo, a national-scale PES program targeting Ecuadorian Andean grasslands (páramos), has the potential to contribute to local livelihoods (financial, natural, social, human, and physical capital) and sustainable resource management. Low conservation opportunity costs associated with pre-existing constraints on land use and the existence of alternative livelihood options appeared to facilitate largely positive financial capital outcomes, although we found reduced financial capital among some smaller and medium-sized landholders who were required to eliminate burning and grazing. We found the greatest potential for improved social, financial, and natural capital among well-organized community participants enrolling collective land, while greater attention to building capacity of individual smaller landholders could improve outcomes for those participants. These results help fill a gap in knowledge by drawing on empirical data to demonstrate how divergent outcomes have begun to emerge among different groups of SocioPáramo participants, providing lessons for PES program design.
Leah L. Bremer; Kathleen A. Farley; David Lopez-Carr; José Romero. Conservation and livelihood outcomes of payment for ecosystem services in the Ecuadorian Andes: What is the potential for ‘win–win’? Ecosystem Services 2014, 8, 148 -165.
AMA StyleLeah L. Bremer, Kathleen A. Farley, David Lopez-Carr, José Romero. Conservation and livelihood outcomes of payment for ecosystem services in the Ecuadorian Andes: What is the potential for ‘win–win’? Ecosystem Services. 2014; 8 ():148-165.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeah L. Bremer; Kathleen A. Farley; David Lopez-Carr; José Romero. 2014. "Conservation and livelihood outcomes of payment for ecosystem services in the Ecuadorian Andes: What is the potential for ‘win–win’?" Ecosystem Services 8, no. : 148-165.
We present an integrative measure of exposure and sensitivity components of vulnerability to climatic and demographic change for the African continent in order to identify “hot spots” of high potential population vulnerability. Getis-Ord Gi* spatial clustering analyses reveal statistically significant locations of spatio-temporal precipitation decline coinciding with high population density and increase. Statistically significant areas are evident, particularly across central, southern, and eastern Africa. The highly populated Lake Victoria basin emerges as a particularly salient hot spot. People located in the regions highlighted in this analysis suffer exceptionally high exposure to negative climate change impacts (as populations increase on lands with decreasing rainfall). Results may help inform further hot spot mapping and related research on demographic vulnerabilities to climate change. Results may also inform more suitable geographical targeting of policy interventions across the continent.
David López-Carr; Narcisa Pricope; Juliann E. Aukema; Marta Jankowska; Christopher Funk; Gregory Husak; Joel Michaelsen. A spatial analysis of population dynamics and climate change in Africa: potential vulnerability hot spots emerge where precipitation declines and demographic pressures coincide. Population and Environment 2014, 35, 323 -339.
AMA StyleDavid López-Carr, Narcisa Pricope, Juliann E. Aukema, Marta Jankowska, Christopher Funk, Gregory Husak, Joel Michaelsen. A spatial analysis of population dynamics and climate change in Africa: potential vulnerability hot spots emerge where precipitation declines and demographic pressures coincide. Population and Environment. 2014; 35 (3):323-339.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid López-Carr; Narcisa Pricope; Juliann E. Aukema; Marta Jankowska; Christopher Funk; Gregory Husak; Joel Michaelsen. 2014. "A spatial analysis of population dynamics and climate change in Africa: potential vulnerability hot spots emerge where precipitation declines and demographic pressures coincide." Population and Environment 35, no. 3: 323-339.
Leah Bremer; Kathleen A. Farley; David Lopez-Carr. What factors influence participation in payment for ecosystem services programs? An evaluation of Ecuador's SocioPáramo program. Land Use Policy 2014, 36, 122 -133.
AMA StyleLeah Bremer, Kathleen A. Farley, David Lopez-Carr. What factors influence participation in payment for ecosystem services programs? An evaluation of Ecuador's SocioPáramo program. Land Use Policy. 2014; 36 ():122-133.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeah Bremer; Kathleen A. Farley; David Lopez-Carr. 2014. "What factors influence participation in payment for ecosystem services programs? An evaluation of Ecuador's SocioPáramo program." Land Use Policy 36, no. : 122-133.
The paper focuses on the need to address territorial inequalities in American healthcare services. It shows how much the situation has become critical in the United States. It discusses to what extent telemedicine is a sustainable option to reduce the negative consequences of the economic, professional and physical barriers to care in rural areas. As far as healthcare is concerned, rural and urban environments in the United States do not have to face the same barriers and challenges. The article first details what specific health issues have to be dealt with in rural areas. The case of emergency care in Vermont is then developed to illustrate what could be the benefits of using ICTs to improve access to care.
Ian Jones; David López-Carr; Pamela Dalal. Responding to rural health disparities in the United States. Netcom 2011, 273 -290.
AMA StyleIan Jones, David López-Carr, Pamela Dalal. Responding to rural health disparities in the United States. Netcom. 2011; (25-3/4):273-290.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIan Jones; David López-Carr; Pamela Dalal. 2011. "Responding to rural health disparities in the United States." Netcom , no. 25-3/4: 273-290.
Li An; David López-Carr. Understanding human decisions in coupled natural and human systems. Ecological Modelling 2011, 229, 1 -4.
AMA StyleLi An, David López-Carr. Understanding human decisions in coupled natural and human systems. Ecological Modelling. 2011; 229 ():1-4.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi An; David López-Carr. 2011. "Understanding human decisions in coupled natural and human systems." Ecological Modelling 229, no. : 1-4.
This study develops a novel approach for projecting climate trends in the Sahel in relation to shifting livelihood zones and health outcomes. Focusing on Mali, we explore baseline relationships between temperature, precipitation, livelihood, and malnutrition in 407 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) clusters with a total of 14,238 children, resulting in a thorough spatial analysis of coupled climate-health dynamics. Results suggest links between livelihoods and each measure of malnutrition, as well as a link between climate and stunting. A ‘front-line’ of vulnerability, related to the transition between agricultural and pastoral livelihoods, is identified as an area where mitigation efforts might be usefully targeted. Additionally, climate is projected to 2025 for the Sahel, and demographic trends are introduced to explore how the intersection of climate and demographics may shift the vulnerability ‘front-line’, potentially exposing an additional 6 million people in Mali, up to a million of them children, to heightened risk of malnutrition from climate and livelihood changes. Results indicate that, holding constant morbidity levels, approximately one quarter of a million children will suffer stunting, nearly two hundred thousand will be malnourished, and over one hundred thousand will become anemic in this expanding arid zone by 2025. Climate and health research conducted at finer spatial scales and within shorter projected time lines can identify vulnerability hot spots that are of the highest priority for adaptation interventions; such an analysis can also identify areas with similar characteristics that may be at heightened risk. Such meso-scale coupled human-environment research may facilitate appropriate policy interventions strategically located beyond today’s vulnerability front-line.
Marta M. Jankowska; David Lopez-Carr; Chris Funk; Gregory J. Husak; Zoë A. Chafe. Climate change and human health: Spatial modeling of water availability, malnutrition, and livelihoods in Mali, Africa. Applied Geography 2011, 33, 4 -15.
AMA StyleMarta M. Jankowska, David Lopez-Carr, Chris Funk, Gregory J. Husak, Zoë A. Chafe. Climate change and human health: Spatial modeling of water availability, malnutrition, and livelihoods in Mali, Africa. Applied Geography. 2011; 33 ():4-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta M. Jankowska; David Lopez-Carr; Chris Funk; Gregory J. Husak; Zoë A. Chafe. 2011. "Climate change and human health: Spatial modeling of water availability, malnutrition, and livelihoods in Mali, Africa." Applied Geography 33, no. : 4-15.
Most investigation into climate adaptation to date has focused on specific technological interventions and socio-economic aspects of adaptive capacity. New perspectives posit that socio-cognitive factors may be as or more important in motivating individuals to take adaptive actions. Recent research indicates that incorporating insights from motivation theory can enhance theorization of adaptive capacity. Yet unexplored, and what we propose here, is the addition of social identity to models of adaptive capacity and adaptation. To apply this conceptual framework, the first author undertook in-depth interviews with a sample of farmers who had participated in broader surveys the previous year to explore their perceptions of their social identity, climate-related information and its sources, and climate risk. These interviews elicited compelling evidence that social identity mediates between risk perception and adaptation through its influence on motivation. Interviews revealed significant links between social identity and perception of information, risk perception and adaptation, of which the most salient were the relative credibility and legitimacy of information sources (related to us vs. them social group differentiation); the role of coffee organizations; and ethnicity and geographic marginalization. Strong in-group identity and perceptions of potentially influential out-groups such as the scientific community appear to particularly influence perception and use of information. These findings have rich policy implications for adaptation management and merit further investigation to identify how, where and why social identity plays a role in climate-risk perception, motivation and adaptation in other geographic areas of vulnerability worldwide.
Elisa Frank; Hallie Eakin; David López-Carr. Social identity, perception and motivation in adaptation to climate risk in the coffee sector of Chiapas, Mexico. Global Environmental Change 2011, 21, 66 -76.
AMA StyleElisa Frank, Hallie Eakin, David López-Carr. Social identity, perception and motivation in adaptation to climate risk in the coffee sector of Chiapas, Mexico. Global Environmental Change. 2011; 21 (1):66-76.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElisa Frank; Hallie Eakin; David López-Carr. 2011. "Social identity, perception and motivation in adaptation to climate risk in the coffee sector of Chiapas, Mexico." Global Environmental Change 21, no. 1: 66-76.
This paper reviews extant evidence and offers a conceptual framework for the investigation of complex dynamics among human population growth, environmental degradation, poverty, and climate change. The paper introduces theories relating to population growth, environmental degradation, the impact on human well-being, and potential relations with climate change. Poverty is discussed in detail as both a contributing factor to and consequence of population growth and environmental change. The empirical literature on land cover change and environmental change in coastal and marine resources and potential relations with climate change are examined. Despite notable limitations to current knowledge on links among population growth, ecosystems, climate, and poverty, implications for further research and policy application are rich.
Jason Bremner; David Lopez Carr; Laurel Suter; Jason Davis. Population, poverty, environment, and climate dynamics in the developing world. Interdisciplinary Environmental Review 2010, 11, 112 .
AMA StyleJason Bremner, David Lopez Carr, Laurel Suter, Jason Davis. Population, poverty, environment, and climate dynamics in the developing world. Interdisciplinary Environmental Review. 2010; 11 (2/3):112.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJason Bremner; David Lopez Carr; Laurel Suter; Jason Davis. 2010. "Population, poverty, environment, and climate dynamics in the developing world." Interdisciplinary Environmental Review 11, no. 2/3: 112.