The widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to a notable rise in the number of interconnected smart devices. Within this IoT environment, we perceive an immense diversity of IoT devices originating from numerous manufacturing entities. They differ in size, form, storage, and processing capability, as well as in their set of features, capabilities, and limitations. In this heterogeneous environment, one of the most arduous tasks is to guarantee security and privacy, especially for resource-constrained devices that possess limited power and low processing capability. Due to these limitations, these devices often lack robust security functions, rendering them prone to malevolent actors or unauthorized users who can access private information or alter device functions. In this context, one of the most critical security challenges in this domain is to accurately identify each device in an IoT network. The efficient management of the IoT ecosystem hinges on the ability to uniquely identify each connected device. This, in turn, simplifies the process of monitoring, updating, and troubleshooting these devices for administrators, contributing to the establishment of a trustworthy and secure IoT network. To cope with this challenge, surveying the existing approaches within the IoT identification literature is of paramount importance to provide the IoT research community with relevant insights into the latest achievements. Furthermore, we aim to provide a thorough and comprehensive study of the key literature related to IoT identification research by elaborating proposals that rely on various techniques covering the physical, network, and application layers of the IoT ecosystem. We conclude this survey by discussing the persistent challenges and unresolved issues that may impede the mainstream adoption of IoT, prohibiting several entities from fully leveraging the potential of this evolving technology.

In this paper, we consider an IoT dedicated network corresponding to a non licensed LoRa Low Power Wide Area Network. The LoRa network operates in the unlicensed 868 MHz band within a total bandwidth of 1 MHz divided into 8 orthogonal channels of 125 kHz each. Despite the high level of interference, this network offers long range communications in the order of 2 to 5 km in urban areas and 10 to 30 km in rural areas. To efficiently mitigate this high level of interference, LoRa network essentially relies on a Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) modulation and on repetition diversity mechanisms. The LoRa CSS modulation spreads the signal within a band of 125 kHz using 6 possible spreading factors (from 7 to 12) to target data rates (starting from 5 kbps for the closest node to 300 bps for the furthest ones). The repetition diversity mechanisms enable the data recovery when the transmission is subject to bad channel conditions or/and high interference levels. Although the CSS modulation protects edge-cell’s devices from the high level of interference induced by nodes in the proximity of the gateway, it fails to protect nodes at the edge of a given SF region and several trials are required to recover the packet. In this paper, we propose an adaptive multi-channels allocation policy that attributes multiple adjacent channels of 125 kHz for nodes situated at the edge of SF zones. We study the impact of this adaptive sub-band allocation on the gateways’ intensities, the rate distribution and the power consumption. Our results are based on a statistical characterization of the interference in the network as well as the outage probability in a typical cell.

This paper introduces a new approach to providing secure physical-layer massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) based communications that can improve the energy efficiency of the system. This is achieved by synthesizing orthogonal artificial noise (AN) that has to be constrained to lie in the null space of the legitimate users’ channels while it should lie in the range space of the eavesdropper’s channel. In addition, this AN reduces the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmit signal. Indeed, low PAPR signals are preferable and more efficient for low-cost hardware, thus improving the energy consumption of massive MIMO systems. In this paper, we propose a new PAPR-aware precoding scheme based on the use of AN to enhance the secrecy performance of massive MIMO while reducing the PAPR of the transmit signal and guaranteeing excellent transmission quality for legitimate users. The scheme is formulated as a convex optimization problem that can be resolved via steepest gradient descent (GD). Accordingly, we developed a new iterative algorithm, referred to as PAPR-Aware-Secure-mMIMO, that makes use of instantaneous information to solve the optimization problem. Simulation results show the efficiency of our proposed algorithm in terms of PAPR reduction and secrecy, which is also studied with respect to power distribution between useful signal and AN, PAPR targets and the number of BS antennas.

In this paper, we consider a latency tolerant 2×nr Free Space Optical Multiple Input Multiple Output (FSOMIMO) communication with a time diversity order of two. For this configuration, we propose an Extended Golden Light Code (E-GLC) construction that encodes data over two independent optical MIMO channel realizations. The main objective of this code construction is to jointly extract the spatial and the temporal diversity while keeping a multiplexing gain of two symbols per channel use. The proposed coding scheme is compliant with optical Intensity Modulation and Direct Detection (IM/DD) constraints that restrict the laser outputs to positive magnitude values with peak and average constraints. The error rate performance evaluations show that the E-GLC outperforms other known replication-based schemes.

In this paper, we propose a space time code construction with a symbol rate of two for free space optical multiple input multiple output (FSO-MIMO) communication systems. Unlike the radio-frequency space time coding design that deals with complex symbols holding phase and magnitude information, the phase detection in wireless optical communications remains very challenging. This restricts optical MIMO codes to carry positive magnitude information belonging to a finite range. To meet these requirements, we propose to design the FSO-MIMO codes considering first the whole real space R, followed by a bipolar to unipolar conversion to fit in the intensity margin. We consider the MIMO configurations with two or four transmitters (lasers). We base our shape-preserving construction on quadratic extension fields that linearly combine the real symbols to form a full diversity space time code with a symbol rate equal to two. For each configuration, we show how to optimize the choice of the algebraic field numbers to jointly optimize the non-vanishing code determinant and the bipolar to unipolar attenuation factor.