The autoregenerative redox PEG-PLGA coating CeO₂ nanoparticles can effectively protect lens epithelial cells from oxidative stress and restrain α-crystallin glycation and crosslinking, thereby alleviating diabetic cataracts.

Anterior capsular contraction syndrome (ACCS) is a challenging complication that can occur following phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Characterized by capsular bag wrinkling, intraocular lens (IOL) decentration and tilt, ACCS can have negative effects on visual outcomes and patient satisfaction. This review aims to investigate the pathogenesis, clinical course, influencing factors, and intervention approaches for ACCS after cataract surgery. By understanding the underlying mechanisms and identifying factors that contribute to ACCS, surgeons can enhance their ability to predict and manage this complication. Various intervention strategies are discussed, highlighting their importance in reducing complications and improving surgical outcomes. However, further research is needed to determine optimal prevention and management strategies through long-term follow-up and comparative analyses. Advancements in this field will ultimately lead to improved visual outcomes and optimized cataract surgery for patients.

Objectives: To describe and compare the prevalence of refractive error and its associated ocular biometric parameters in a large multi-racial sample of schoolchildren from Xinjiang. Methods: A total of 67,102 school children of five ethnicity groups aged 6–23 years from 46 schools in Xinjiang participated in this study. The children underwent a comprehensive eye examination for vision screening, including uncorrected visual acuity and standardized refraction. Refractive error was determined by autorefractors and subjective refraction. Refraction was recorded in spherical equivalent (SE). The age- and sex- adjusted prevalence of myopia (SE ≤ −0.5 D), low myopia (−6 D < SE ≤ −0.5 D), high myopia (SE ≤ −6.0 D), astigmatism (cylinder < −0.5 D), and anisometropia (difference in SE between two eyes of 1.0 D) in the five ethnic groups were calculated. Ocular biometric parameters including axial length (AL) and corneal radius of curvature (CR) were measured by AL-scan optical biometer. Results: The age- and sex- adjusted prevalence of myopia in the Han, Hui, Uyghur, Kyrgyz and Kazakh were 65.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 65.4, 66.3); 59.1% (95% CI 57.8, 60.4); 30.1% (95% CI 29.2, 30.9); 30.2 (95% CI 28.9, 31.4); and 30.0% (95% CI 27.6, 32.3), respectively. The Han and Hui children also had longer ALs (Han, 23.8; Hui, 23.6, Uyghur, 23.1; Kyrgyz, 23.1; Kazakh, 23.3 mm) and larger AL/CR (Han, 3.04; Hui, 3.00; Uyghur, 2.95; Kyrgyz, 2.96; Kazakh, 2.97) values than the other three minorities (P < 0.01). Overall, girls had shorter ALs, steeper corneas, and smaller AL/CR values than boys (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Significant ethnic difference in the prevalence of myopia was observed in this study on school-aged children in Xinjiang (Han > Hui > Kyrgyz > Uyghur > Kazakh). This study among different ethnic groups in a multiethnic population is valuable for enriching the ethnical information resources for refractive errors and ocular biometry parameters, as well as facilitating further research on myopia-related diseases and risks.

Clinical relevance: Intraocular lens dislocation usually causes severe visual symptoms and even blindness in patients. It is important for eye care practitioners to be able to identify patients susceptible to intraocular lens dislocation. Background: To investigate the risk factors of intraocular lens dislocation following routine cataract surgery. Methods: This retrospective case–control study included patients diagnosed with intraocular lens dislocation between January 2007 and March 2018. Controls matched to the cases by age and time of routine cataract surgery in a ratio of 3:1 were randomly selected from patients without intraocular lens dislocation. The medical records of the patients were reviewed and analysed. Independent t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis were employed to identify risk factors of intraocular lens dislocation. Results: In total, 127 cases (with intraocular lens dislocation) and 381 controls (without intraocular lens dislocation) were evaluated. Among cases, the proportion of men was significantly higher than that of women (p = 0.012). High myopia was significantly associated with all types of intraocular lens dislocation; it was also a risk factor for in-the-bag intraocular lens dislocation. Lens subluxation was significantly associated with the in-the-bag and late intraocular lens dislocations. Intraoperative and post-operative vitrectomy, rather than pre-operative vitrectomy, were associated with intraocular lens dislocation. Post-operative trauma was significantly associated with in-the-bag intraocular lens dislocation; pre-operative and post-operative trauma were significantly associated with out-of-the-bag intraocular lens dislocation. Male sex (odds ratio (OR) = 2.996, p = 0.006), pre-operative trauma (OR = 7.861, p = 0.014), high myopia (OR = 11.268, p < 0.001), and lens subluxation (OR = 13.431, p = 0.018) were the risk factors of intraocular lens dislocation. Conclusion: Male sex, pre-operative trauma, high myopia, and lens subluxation were the main predisposing factors for intraocular lens dislocation in Chinese Han population.

To compare the clinical outcomes after implantation of AcrySof Toric IOLs with different clear corneal incisions. Sixty cataract patients with regular corneal astigmatism who underwent phacoemulsification combined with implantation of an AcrySof Toric IOL were enrolled. They were divided into two groups according to the position of the clear corneal incision: steep-axis and non-steep-axis. Main outcome measurements included visual acuity, residual astigmatism and changes of corneal astigmatism 3 months postoperatively. Deviation of IOL axis according to the re-calculation using the actual surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) and visual function 3 months after surgery were also evaluated. The corneal astigmatism decreased significantly in steep-axis group 3 months postoperatively (P < 0.05). Besides, more patients in non-steep-axis group were with irregular corneal astigmatism after the surgery (43.33% vs 10%, P = 0.004). The deviation of IOL axis according to the re-calculation using the actual SIA was significantly larger in non-steep-axis group than that of steep-axis group (P < 0.001). Moreover, the postoperative visual function was better in eyes of steep-axis group in various measurements, including point spread function, modulation transfer function and high-order aberrations. Steep-axis clear corneal incision could reduce the cylinder power of toric IOL and lower the chance of postoperative irregular astigmatism, which may consequently improve the postoperative visual quality.