Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is illustrated as an analogue of a natural biological antibody-antigen system. MIP is an appropriate substrate for electrochemical sensors owing to its binding sites, which match the functional groups and spatial structure of the target analytes. However, the irregular shapes and slow electron transfer rate of MIP limit the sensitivity and conductivity of electrochemical sensors. Nanomaterials, famous for their prominent electron transfer capacity and specific surface area, are increasingly employed in modifications of MIP sensors. Staying ahead of traditional electrochemical sensors, nanomaterials-based MIP sensors represent excellent sensing and recognition capability. This review intends to illustrate their advances over the past five years. Current limitations and development prospects are also discussed.

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) as a crucial signal molecule plays a vital part in the growth and development of various cells under normal physiological conditions. The development of H₂O₂ sensors has received great research interest because of the importance of H₂O₂ in biological systems and its practical applications in other fields. In this study, a H₂O₂ electrochemical sensor was constructed based on chalcogenide molybdenum disulfide–gold–silver nanocomposite (MoS₂-Au-Ag). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were utilized to characterize the nanocomposites, and the electrochemical performances of the obtained sensor were assessed by two electrochemical detection methods: cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The results showed that the MoS₂-Au-Ag-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) has higher sensitivity (405.24 µA mM⁻¹ cm⁻²), wider linear detection range (0.05–20 mM) and satisfactory repeatability and stability. Moreover, the prepared sensor was able to detect the H₂O₂ discharge from living tumor cells. Therefore, this study offers a platform for the early diagnosis of cancer and other applications in the fields of biology and biomedicine.