A three-year field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of Mandor, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, under arid climatic conditions in the rabi season of 2016–2019 with the objectives of evaluating the effect of drip irrigation and fertigation levels on cumin plant growth, yield, oil content, water-use efficiency, and water productivity. The pooled data revealed that the drip irrigation at 0.6 cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) recorded significantly higher plant height (31.4 cm), umbels plant⁻¹ (50.4), umbellates umbel⁻¹ (5.07), seeds umbel⁻¹ (5.34), test weight (4.60 g), seed yield (1063 kg ha⁻¹), gross return (₹ 172,600 ha⁻¹), net return (₹ 113,500 ha⁻¹) and benefit, and cost ratio (2.9) over drip fertigation at 0.4 CPE and surface irrigation with 0.8 CPE. The fertigation with 80% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) being at par with 100% RDF recorded a significantly higher number of umbels plant⁻¹ (50.0), umbellates umbel⁻¹ (5.03), seeds umbellate⁻¹ (5.24), test weight (4.67 g), seed yield (1052 kg ha⁻¹), gross return (₹ 170,900 ha⁻¹), net return (₹ 111,700 ha⁻¹), and benefit cost ratio (2.9) over fertigation with 60% RDF and control. Maximum water-use efficiency (5.7 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹) and water saving (39.04%) was observed under drip irrigation at 0.4 CPE followed by 0.6 CPE (4.8 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹ and 18.86%, respectively).

A two-year field experiment was conducted in two consecutive rabi seasons under arid climatic conditions to examine the effect of different fertility levels and herbicides on weed dynamics and the performance of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). Results revealed that a significantly minimum weed dry weight was recorded with 75% RDF (Recommended Dose of Fertilizer) (90-30 kg N-P₂O₅/ha). Application of 100% RDF (120-40 kg N-P₂O₅/ha) recorded significantly higher weed dry weight at 35 DAS (Days After Sowing) (16.50 g/m²) and harvest (28.15 g/m²), growth and yield attributesi.e.plant height (89.14 cm), crop dry matter accumulation (300.8 g/meter row length), crop growth rate (17.08 g/m²/day), leaf area index at 50 DAS (3.06, net assimilation rate 50-75 DAS, length of the spike (13.36 cm), number of grains/spike (41.52), grain yield (4083 kg/ha), straw yield (5019 kg/ha) and biological yield (9103 kg/ha) over 75% RDF. This treatment remains at par with 125% RDF (150-50 kg N-P₂O₅/ha) except for the leaf area index at 75 DAS. Among the herbicidal treatments, application of the ready-to-use herbicides clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha provided a superior value of weed indicesi.e.higher weed control efficiency (91.30), crop resistance-index, and herbicide efficiency-index, and lower weed-index (1.91) over other herbicides. This treatment also exhibited significantly higher plant height (92.33 cm), crop dry matter accumulation (325.5g/meter row length), crop growth rate (16.49 g/m²/day), leaf area index (3.15), net assimilation rate, length of the spike (14.28 cm), number of spike/meter row length (153.0), number of grains/spike (44.52), grain yield (4374 kg/ha), straw yield (5381 kg/ha) and biological yield (9755 kg/ha) over weedy check plot, which was followed by sulfosulfuron 75% + metsulfuron methyl 5% @ 32 g/ha, both of which remained statistically at par with each other except for the number of grains/spike. The application of 100% RDF and clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha recorded higher net returns and maximum B: C ratio.

A field experiment was conducted during (winter) Rabi seasons of 2018–19 and 2019–20 at College of Agriculture, Jodhpur, Rajasthan with an objective to assess the effect of three fertiliser levels and seven weed management treatments on weeds and wheat to maximise productivity and profitability of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by effective and economical weed management. The total weed density was not influenced by increase in fertiliser rate. Significantly minimum weed biomass was recorded with the application of 75% of recommended dose of fertilisers (RDF) (90–30 kg N-P/ha). The 100% RDF (120-40 kg N-P/ha) application recorded significantly higher weed biomass, wheat growth indices (wheat growth rate, leaf area index net assimilation rate), grain, straw and biological yield than75% RDF and was at par with 125% RDF (150-50 kg N-P/ha). The post-emergence application (PoE) of clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron-methyl 1% (ready-mix) 64 g/ha and sulfosulfuron 75% + metsulfuron-methyl 5% (ready-mix) 32 g/ha resulted in higher weed control efficiency, lower weed index with higher value of crop resistance index (CRI) and herbicide efficiency index (HEI). The use of 100% RDF with clodinafop-propargyl + metsulfuron-ethyl (ready-mix) 64 g/ha PoE recorded higher net returns and maximum B:C ratio.

The field studies were conducted at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur (Agriculture University, Jodhpur), Rajasthan, India on Wheat during rabi seasons (November to April) of both the 2018–2019 and 2019–2020. The experiment was consisted of three fertility levels viz., 75% of recommended dose of fertilizer (90-30 kg N-P2O5 ha-1), 100% of RDF (120-40 kg N-P2O5ha-1) and 125% of RDF (150-50 kg N-P2O5 ha-1)] and sub-plots: seven post-emergence herbicides (trisulfuron 15 g ha-1, sulfosulfuron 75%+metsulfuron methyl 5% (ready-mix) 32 g ha-1, clodinafop-propargyl 15%+metsulfuron methyl 1% (ready-mix) 64 g ha-1, carfentrazon 20 g ha-1, metsulfuron methyl 4 g ha-1, weedy check and weed free) in split plot design and replicated thrice. Findings revealed, application of 100% recorded the higher growth attributes viz, plant height, dry matter accumulation (g-2) and leaf area index at 50 DAS, yield parameters viz, effective tillers m-1 row length, and grain, straw and biological yield of wheat over 75% RDF, however it was at par with 125% RDF. Among the post-emergence herbicides, the herbicide clodinafop-propargyl 15%+metsulfuron methyl 1% (ready-mix) 64 g ha-1 significantly increased the growth and yield parameters and yield, while remaining at par with sulfosulfuron 75%+metsulfuron methyl 5% (ready-mix) 32 g ha-1 and proved superior in comparison to rest of the treatments. Maximum nutrients (NPK) depletion by weeds was recorded with the application of 125% RDF. Among herbicides, clodinafop-propargyl 15%+metsulfuron methyl 1% (ready-mix) 64 g ha-1 was also obtained significantly minimum nutrients depletion by weeds.