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One area for ports to cooperate is the development of hinterland connectivity. By bundling streams, a volume can be reached that allows a modal shift to a more efficient transport with lower external costs, thus increasing the attractiveness of the cooperating ports. This paper presents a cost model that allows comparison between an unbundled road transport and a bundled, multimodal solution for the hinterland connectivity of seaports. It takes into account the direct costs, the generalised costs and the external costs. It empiricalizes this cost model for all of the 104 European core TEN_T ports and their 281 NUTS2 hinterland regions. Next, it applies this to a case study of the newly created North Sea port, a transnational merger of the ports of Ghent, Vlissingen and Terneuzen. It shows that bundling between neighbouring ports can result in a volume that makes a modal shift economically viable, while at the same time lowering the cost of the hinterland connection.
Joost Hintjens. Cooperation in the bundling of hinterland flows of adjacent seaports, an application to the European TEN-T core ports. Maritime Policy & Management 2021, 48, 754 -775.
AMA StyleJoost Hintjens. Cooperation in the bundling of hinterland flows of adjacent seaports, an application to the European TEN-T core ports. Maritime Policy & Management. 2021; 48 (5):754-775.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoost Hintjens. 2021. "Cooperation in the bundling of hinterland flows of adjacent seaports, an application to the European TEN-T core ports." Maritime Policy & Management 48, no. 5: 754-775.
The present paper studies the bundling of road cargo flows of neighbouring seaports to a common hinterland. In specific cases, some hinterland flows can be too small to make bundling in a sufficient frequency possible. By combining the road freight flows of neighbouring ports, this problem can be solved. However, the additional cost of bundling and the loss of time need to be compensated for by a lower transport cost. The paper presents an empirical model for the 104 core Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) ports of the European Union (EU) and their 271 NUTS2 (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) hinterland regions that allows identifying opportunities for bundling as well as the direct and external cost effects. By including the value of time (VOT) of each transport mode, the generalised cost is also calculated. The result is a business model that helps port authorities, and other port actors, to identify bundling projects that will lower the direct, generalised and external costs of the hinterland connectivity, thus increasing the port attractiveness for port users as well as lowering potential aversion by the surrounding community to port operations that create hinterland nuisance.
Joost Hintjens; Edwin Van Hassel; Thierry Vanelslander; Eddy Van De Voorde. Port Cooperation and Bundling: A Way to Reduce the External Costs of Hinterland Transport. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9983 .
AMA StyleJoost Hintjens, Edwin Van Hassel, Thierry Vanelslander, Eddy Van De Voorde. Port Cooperation and Bundling: A Way to Reduce the External Costs of Hinterland Transport. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):9983.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoost Hintjens; Edwin Van Hassel; Thierry Vanelslander; Eddy Van De Voorde. 2020. "Port Cooperation and Bundling: A Way to Reduce the External Costs of Hinterland Transport." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 9983.
The hinterland of a port is probably the most important aspect in the competition between gateway ports. This paper, starting with a literature overview, shows how the port authority can extend its hinterland with the aim of increasing its attractiveness and, eventually, its throughput. To achieve this, it can be advantageous to cooperate with adjacent port authorities. Together, through cooperation, economies of scale can be realised that facilitate a modal shift away from road to a more efficient and more sustainable transport. This would reduce the cost of transport to/from the hinterland region from/to these ports consequently increasing the attractiveness and the market share of the cooperating ports for this region. The paper describes a conceptual method to identify and quantify the opportunities for cooperation in the hinterland. The framework starts, after some basic transport economic concepts, from (theoretically available) hinterland data to locate regions that are at the edge of the contested hinterland of a port region and results in a methodology that can be used to generate a quantified list of regions where cooperation will make a difference. Using this methodology, port authorities (PAs), of any region where hinterland data are available, can list, together with their neighbours, the regions where to prioritise their efforts.
Joost Hintjens. A conceptual framework for cooperation in hinterland development between neighbouring seaport authorities. Maritime Policy & Management 2018, 45, 819 -836.
AMA StyleJoost Hintjens. A conceptual framework for cooperation in hinterland development between neighbouring seaport authorities. Maritime Policy & Management. 2018; 45 (6):819-836.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoost Hintjens. 2018. "A conceptual framework for cooperation in hinterland development between neighbouring seaport authorities." Maritime Policy & Management 45, no. 6: 819-836.