The temperature prediction for floating PV (FPV) must account for the effect of humidity. In this work, PV temperature prediction for steady-state T_pv and transient conditions T_pv(t) incorporates the effect of humidity and cooling due to seawater (s.w.) splashing and evaporation on PV modules. The proposed formulas take as main inputs the in-plane solar irradiance_, wind speed, ambient temperature, relative humidity (RH), and s.w. temperature. The transient effects of s.w. splashing and the evaporation of the s.w. layer from the module are theoretically described considering the layer’s thickness using Navier–Stokes equations. T_pv and T_pv(t) measurements were taken before and after s.w. splashing on c-Si modules at the seashore and inland. PV temperature predictions compared to measured values showed very good agreement. The 55% RH at the seashore versus 45% inland caused the T_pv to decrease by 18%. The T_pv(t) at the end of the s.w. flow of 50–75 mL/s/m on the module at the seashore was 35–51% lower than the T_pv inland. This T_pv(t) profile depends on the s.w. splashing, lasts for about 1 min, and is attributed to higher convection, water cooling, and evaporation on the modules. The PV efficiency at FPV conditions was estimated to be 4–11.5% higher compared to inland.

Many islands around the world present considerable energy supply problems, while their energy mixture is controlled by oil products. Meanwhile, several of these isolated islands enjoy excellent RES potential that support actions to maximize RES integration. In order to ameliorate energy supply security and energy autonomy of the Aegean Archipelagos Greek islands, an integrated solution is deployed based on the exploitation of the existing RES potential in conjunction with the application of an appropriate energy storage scheme, as well as complementary smart-grid elements. The proposed solution has been applied for the Greek Tilos island in the framework of the Tilos-Horizon 2020 program. In this context, the implementation of the integrated Tilos energy solution under the current local legislative frame is a great success story introducing several important innovative characteristics in the European market, like the combined operation of a wind turbine and a PV installation, the application of new technology battery energy storage, the installation of a DSM network/platform and the development of a large number of reliable forecasting algorithms. The innovative integrated solution is a real-world working operating example offering knowledge and proving that the solution deployed could be equally well applied in various other remote islands throughout the European territory with very promising results.

A great number of islands are dispersed across the Aegean Archipelagos, most of which have restricted water resources, affecting in this way the economic growth of local societies. To confront this issue, the solution addressed by the relevant stakeholders is the particularly costly and of questionable quality process of potable water transportation from the mainland using tanker ships. An alternative strategy consists of the deployment of seawater desalination configurations, leading however to a quite notable increase in the pertinent load demand.

The Greek electricity production sector is based -as far back as the early 60s- on the usage of local lignite and imported heavy-oil. Hence the electricity production process is assumed responsible for a significant contribution to air pollution, including 80% of the national sulphur dioxide emissions. In this context, an extensive and thorough analysis is carried out concerning the SO₂ effluents coming from the electricity generation sector during the 1995-2002 period. For this purpose, the available long-term official measurements are taken into consideration and analysed in depth. According to this analysis, the SO₂ emissions factor ratio between Southern Greece and Northern Greece lignite fired stations is in the order of 25:1. Additionally, one may definitely state that there is a considerable surcharge of sulphur oxides released by the Greek electricity production system, which although showing a fairly decreasing tendency, is still above the 8.5gr kWh^-1 consumed. Finally, the positive contribution of the natural gas, gradually replacing other fuels, and the operation of a new desulphurisation unit in S. Greece are clearly counterbalanced by the significant and constant annual electricity consumption amplification of the last decade.