Cancer is a life-threatening illness all over the world, and developing anticancer treatments with high efficacy and low side effects remains a challenge. The quinoline ring structure has long been recognized as a flexible nucleus in the design and synthesis of physiologically active chemicals. In this study, five new 2-morpholino-4-anilinoquinoline compounds were synthesized and their biological anticancer potential against the HepG2 cell line was assessed. The compounds produced demonstrated varying responses against HepG2 cells, with compounds 3c, 3d, and 3e exhibiting the highest activity, with IC₅₀ values of 11.42, 8.50, and 12.76 μM, respectively. It is a critical requirement that anticancer medications are able to selectively decrease cancer growth while not causing damage to normal cells. Compound 3e exhibited increased activity while maintaining adequate selectivity. It was also the most effective chemical against cell migration and adhesion, which could play an important role in drug resistance and cell metastasis. In total, the findings revealed good possibilities for anticancer therapy, suggesting a target for future development of anticancer medication.

In this study analogues of compounds based on pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine were synthesized. 1,3-dimethyl-5- (thiomethyl)-2,4,7-trioxo-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid 3 and 1,3-dimethyl-5- (thiomethyl)-2H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4,7(1H,3H)-trione 4 were obtained by the treatment of Triethylammonium 5- [(2,2-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-1,3-dioxan-5-ylidene)(thiomethyl)methyl]-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4,6-trionate 1 with methyl sulfonic acid and pyridine, respectively. 5,5-dianilino-1,3-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine- 2,4,7(1H,3H)-trione 6 was obtained after oxidizing compound 4 to produce 1,3-dimethyl-5-(methylsulfinyl)-2Hpyrano[ 2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4,7(1H,3H)-trione 5 , then the sulfoxide group on compound 5 was replaced by aniline group.

The synthesis of a molecularly diverse library of tetrasubstituted alkenes containing a barbiturate motif is described. Base-induced condensation of N¹-substituted pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-triones with 5-(bis(methylthio)methylene)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione gave 3-substituted 5-(methylthio)-2H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4,7(1H,3H)-triones (‘pyranopyrimidinones’), regioselectively. A sequence of reactions involving ring-opening of the pyran moiety, displacement of the methylthio group with an amine, re-formation of the pyran ring, and after its final cleavage with an amine, gave tetrasubstituted alkenes (3-amino-3-(2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-5(2H)-ylidene)propanamides) with a diversity of substituents. Cleavage of the pyranopyrimidinones with an aniline was facilitated in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol under microwave irradiation. Compounds were tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. No compounds exhibited activity against E. coli, whilst one compound was weakly active against S. aureus. Three compounds were strongly active against S. pombe, but none was active against C. albicans.

Schematic summary of the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of KA7, a novel quinolone-based sorafenib analogue demonstrating potent anticancer and immunomodulatory activities.