Hölker, F., T. Moss, B. Griefahn, W. Kloas, C. C. Voigt, D. Henckel, A. Hänel, P. M. Kappeler, S. Völker, A. Schwope, S. Franke, D. Uhrlandt, J. Fischer, R. Klenke, C. Wolter, and K. Tockner. 2010. The dark side of light: a transdisciplinary research agenda for light pollution policy. Ecology and Society 15(4): 13. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-03685-150413

This paper introduces an improved electrical arc model based on the arc diameter variation. In the conventional arc models, the arc diameter is considered as an implicit parameter in arc model constants. In case of decreasing arc diameter along with the arc extinction, the arc voltage decreases as well. The arc diameter can be implemented as a function of current into the arc model. The results illustrate that by applying the arc diameter as a function of arc current in the arc model, the simulated arc voltage is much closer to the measured values. In particular, the arc voltage behavior at the zero crossing can be controlled more precisely. However, based on the model considered for the arc diameter, additional parameters of the arc model should be estimated using measured data. The results confirm that even applying a simple arc diameter model can improve the arc voltage simulation.

This paper presents an electrical arc model based on physical parameters of the arc including temperature, enthalpy, pressure, and also arc geometry. In this model, different mass flows and power losses are considered. The different powers including radiative and turbulent power as well as power gain and loss carried by axial and radial mass flows are calculated and simulated as a function of physical parameters. Moreover, the different arc diameter expressions and their influence on power losses are examined by arc experiments with high-speed imaging and arc dynamic behavior analysis. This model can provide the dynamic behavior of the arc easier in contrast to more complex physical models. The comparison with conventional arc models, such as Schwamaker, Habedank, Kema, and Schwarz, illustrates that the new arc model can better reproduce electrical measurements.