Climatic variations in the current environmental scenario require plants with tolerance to sudden changes in temperature and a decrease in water availability. Accordingly, this tolerance will enable successful plantations and the maintenance of natural and planted forests. Consequently, in the last two decades, drought tolerance and high temperatures in conifers have been an important target for morphological, physiological, and epigenetic studies. Based on this, our research team has optimized different stages of somatic embryogenesis (SE) in Pinus spp. improving the success of the process. Through this method, we can obtain a large amount of clonal material and then analyze the somatic plants under different conditions ex vitro. The analysis of the morphological and physiological parameters in somatic embryos (ses) and plants with different tolerances to abiotic stress can provide us with valuable information about the mechanisms used by plants to survive under adverse environmental conditions. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of high temperatures (23, 40, 50, and 60 °C, after 12 weeks, 90, 30, 5 min, respectively) on the morphology of somatic embryos obtained from Pinus radiata D.Don (Radiata pine) and Pinus halepensis Mill. (Aleppo pine). In addition, we carried out a physiological evaluation of the somatic plants of P. radiata submitted to heat and water stress in a greenhouse. We observed that the number of somatic embryos was not affected by maturation temperatures in both species. Likewise, P. radiata plants obtained from these somatic embryos survived drought and heat stress in the greenhouse. In addition, plants originating from embryonal masses (EMs) subjected to high maturation temperature (40 and 60 °C) had a significant increase in g_s and E. Therefore, it is possible to modulate the characteristics of somatic plants produced by the manipulation of environmental conditions during the process of SE.

The aim of this study was to relate flower bud size with microspore developmental stages and the induction of embryos in the anthers of different ornamental pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes. Flower buds were randomly collected and visually divided into three classes based on both petal and sepal size. The length and diameter of the bud as well as the length of the petal, sepal, and anther were then measured. The microspore stage was also determined for each anther of the bud where it was found. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (P ≤ 0.01), and the means were separated by Tukey's test (P ≤ 0.01). The broad sense heritability, the CVg/CVe relation, and the Pearson correlation between characters were also determined. Anthers from 10 C. annuum genotypes were cultivated in four culture media types for the induction of embryos. The data were transformed by Arcsin (x) and subjected to analysis of variance (P ≤ 0.01), and the means were separated by Tukey's test (P ≤ 0.01). The majority of anthers in the second class had uninucleate microspores. No correlation was observed between bud size and the number of uninucleate microspores. Genotype 9 specimens grown in M2 medium induced the highest number of embryos (16) compared to the other treatments, which indicates a significant interaction effect between culture media and genotypes.

Most pepper plants can be classified as an ornamental potted plant (^{Rêgo & Rêgo, 2018}). In this market, the plant architecture and number of fruits are the main traits used as quality standard for commercialization. The expected ideotype for ornamental pepper plants includes: (i) harmony between the plant (plant height, canopy width and foliage position) and the pot size, (ii) showy, upright and colorful fruits, with a suitable number for each pot size and (iii) resistance to pests, diseases and ethylene (^{Rêgo & Rêgo, 2018}; ^{Veilling Holambra, 2018}).

Entre as espécies do gênero Passiflora, a P. foetida L. apresenta a maior variabilidade genética e tem grande importância medicinal, pois é usada no tratamento de doenças como asma, icterícia, e na forma de emplastros, para as erisipelas e doenças de pele com inflamação. Portanto, são necessários estudos que visem a micropropagação e conservação. As sementes de P. foetida L. apresentam dormência e muitas vezes, levam alguns meses para germinar, produzindo mudas desuniformes e de baixo vigor. Neste sentido, a cultura de tecidos apresenta-se como uma forma alternativa a propagação. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi estabelecer e micropropagar P. foetida L., para formação de um banco de germoplasma. Para tanto, sementes foram escarificadas, desinfestadas e inoculadas em meio MS(½) sem reguladores de crescimento e cultivados por 66 dias. Explantes de hipocótilos obtidos de plantas germinadas in vitro, foram cultivados no mesmo meio suplementado com 1,0 mg L-1 de BAP. Na fase de estabelecimento, 45% dos explantes brotaram e formaram gemas axilares. 88,9% dos explantes de hipocótilo induziram brotação e 11,1% produziram calos. Plântulas regeneradas com 1,82 cm de altura, com raízes foram aclimatadas.