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Business disruption from cyberattacks is a growing concern, yet cyberinsurance uptake remains low. Using an online behavioural economics experiment with 4800 participants across four EU countries, this study tests a predictive model of cyberinsurance adoption, incorporating elements of Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as well as factors in relation to risk propensity and price. During the experiment, participants were given the opportunity to purchase different cybersecurity measures and cyberinsurance products before performing an online task. Participants likelihood of suffering a cyberattack was dependent upon their adoption of cybersecurity measures and their behaviour during the online task. The consequences of any attack were dependent upon the participants insurance decisions. Structural equation modelling was applied and the model was further developed to include elements of the wider security ecosystem. The final model shows that all TPB factors, and response efficacy from the PMT, positively predicted adoption of premium cyberinsurance. Interestingly, adoption of cybersecurity measures was associated with safer behaviour online, contrary to concerns of “moral hazard”. The findings highlight the need to consider the larger cybersecurity ecosystem when designing interventions to increase adoption of cyberinsurance and/or promote more secure online behaviour.
Dawn Branley-Bell; Yolanda Gómez; Lynne Coventry; José Vila; Pam Briggs. Developing and Validating a Behavioural Model of Cyberinsurance Adoption. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9528 .
AMA StyleDawn Branley-Bell, Yolanda Gómez, Lynne Coventry, José Vila, Pam Briggs. Developing and Validating a Behavioural Model of Cyberinsurance Adoption. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (17):9528.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDawn Branley-Bell; Yolanda Gómez; Lynne Coventry; José Vila; Pam Briggs. 2021. "Developing and Validating a Behavioural Model of Cyberinsurance Adoption." Sustainability 13, no. 17: 9528.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound, negative impact on the lives and wellbeing of much of the population, and it can raise additional challenges for individuals with eating disorders (EDs). During early stages of the UK lockdown, individuals reported disruptions to many aspects of their lives, including reduced feelings of control and serious concerns over the impact of the pandemic on ED symptoms and/or recovery. This study applied a mixed methods online survey to collect responses from 58 individuals (age 16–65yrs) with lived experience of EDs. Data was collected across two time points (April 2020 and June 2020) to explore the ongoing impacts of the pandemic on this population. The results suggest that higher perceptions of general, external control may be associated with ED recovery. Quantitative results show that individuals who reported recovering from their ED since the first time point, also reported significant increases in perceived control (compared to individuals who had relapsed or whose ED status was unchanged). Thematic analysis generated two themes: ED behaviours as an ‘auxiliary control mechanism’, and loss of auxiliary control after lockdown. Individuals who experienced less perceived control reported a tendency to rely upon eating disorder behaviours as an auxiliary coping mechanism, i.e., diminished external control was directed inwards and replaced with controlling their own behaviour. The preliminary results suggest that perceived control may be a significant factor in ED recovery. Individuals with EDs may be at significant risk of detrimental impacts on their recovery and wellbeing because of the pandemic reducing peoples' sense of control. These preliminary findings highlight the need for further research in this area, including investigation around potential interventions based upon strengthening perceptions of control to promote ED recovery.
Dawn Branley-Bell; Catherine V. Talbot. “It is the only constant in what feels like a completely upside down and scary world”: Living with an eating disorder during COVID-19 and the importance of perceived control for recovery and relapse. Appetite 2021, 167, 105596 .
AMA StyleDawn Branley-Bell, Catherine V. Talbot. “It is the only constant in what feels like a completely upside down and scary world”: Living with an eating disorder during COVID-19 and the importance of perceived control for recovery and relapse. Appetite. 2021; 167 ():105596.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDawn Branley-Bell; Catherine V. Talbot. 2021. "“It is the only constant in what feels like a completely upside down and scary world”: Living with an eating disorder during COVID-19 and the importance of perceived control for recovery and relapse." Appetite 167, no. : 105596.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound, negative impact on the lives and wellbeing of the population, and it can raise additional challenges for individuals with eating disorders. During early stages of the UK lockdown, individuals reported disruptions to many aspects of their lives, including reduced feelings of control and serious concerns over the impact of the pandemic on eating disorder symptoms and/or recovery. This study compares data from two time points to explore the ongoing impacts of the pandemic on this population. Method: A mixed-methods online survey was developed for the purpose of this study. Data was collected at the two key time points: First, soon after the start of the first UK lockdown (April 2020) and second, as the first lockdown restrictions began to be lifted (June 2020). The sample consisted of 58 individuals currently experiencing, or in recovery from, an eating disorder. Participants were aged between 16-65 years; 57 identified as female, and 1 male. Results: Higher perceptions of general, external control were associated with recovery between the time points. Individuals who experienced less perceived control reported a tendency to rely upon eating disorder behaviours as an auxiliary coping mechanism, i.e., diminished external control was directed inwards and replaced with controlling their own behaviour. Conclusions: Perceived control is a significant factor in eating disorder recovery. As a result of the pandemic’s negative impact upon peoples’ sense of control, individuals with eating disorders are at significant risk of detrimental impacts on their recovery and wellbeing. The results have implications for future treatments based on strengthening individuals’ perceptions of control to promote recovery.
Dawn Branley-Bell; Catherine V. Talbot. “It is the only constant in what feels like a completely upside down and scary world”: Living with an Eating Disorder during COVID-19 and the importance of perceived control for recovery and relapse. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleDawn Branley-Bell, Catherine V. Talbot. “It is the only constant in what feels like a completely upside down and scary world”: Living with an Eating Disorder during COVID-19 and the importance of perceived control for recovery and relapse. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDawn Branley-Bell; Catherine V. Talbot. 2021. "“It is the only constant in what feels like a completely upside down and scary world”: Living with an Eating Disorder during COVID-19 and the importance of perceived control for recovery and relapse." , no. : 1.
Objectives. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, although effective uptake of bowel cancer screening is below 60% in England. This trial investigated the influence of volitional and motivational interventions and their combination on increasing guaiac fecal occult blood testing (gFOBT) screening uptake. Method. In total, 34,633 participants were recruited (via North-East of England bowel cancer screening hub) into a 2×2 factorial cluster randomized controlled trial. Social norm-based motivational intervention (SNA); Implementation intention-based Volitional Help Sheet (VHS); Combined intervention (SNA+VHS); Treatment as usual control. Screening rate (gFOBT kit return rate within 8 weeks of invitation) was the primary outcome. Results. Screening kits were returned by 60% of participants (N=20,847/34,633). A substantial imbalance was observed in participant characteristics, participants in the combined intervention group were younger and more likely to be first time invitees. Adjusted analyses found insufficient evidence that any of the interventions were different to control (Combined: OR = 1.18, 95% CI 0.97-1.44; SNA alone: OR=0.93; 95% CI: 0.76-1.15; VHS alone OR= 0.88; 95% CI: 0.75-1.03). Subgroup analyses demonstrated a significant beneficial effect of the combined intervention in the youngest age group compared to control (OR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.05-1.54). Conclusions. The study did not support any benefit of either VHS or SNA interventions alone on bowel cancer screening uptake. The combined SNA+VHS intervention was significantly different from control only in the youngest age group in adjusted analyses. However, the magnitude of effect in the youngest age group suggests that further testing of VHS plus SNA interventions in carefully targeted populations may be warranted.
Sarah Wilding; Anastasia Tsipa; Dawn Branley-Bell; Darren C. Greenwood; Armando Vargas-Palacios; Nahel Yaziji; Caroline Addison; Phil Kelly; Fiona Day; Kate Horsfall; Mark Conner; Daryl B. O'Connor. Cluster randomized controlled trial of volitional and motivational interventions to improve bowel cancer screening uptake: A population-level study. Social Science & Medicine 2020, 265, 113496 .
AMA StyleSarah Wilding, Anastasia Tsipa, Dawn Branley-Bell, Darren C. Greenwood, Armando Vargas-Palacios, Nahel Yaziji, Caroline Addison, Phil Kelly, Fiona Day, Kate Horsfall, Mark Conner, Daryl B. O'Connor. Cluster randomized controlled trial of volitional and motivational interventions to improve bowel cancer screening uptake: A population-level study. Social Science & Medicine. 2020; 265 ():113496.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSarah Wilding; Anastasia Tsipa; Dawn Branley-Bell; Darren C. Greenwood; Armando Vargas-Palacios; Nahel Yaziji; Caroline Addison; Phil Kelly; Fiona Day; Kate Horsfall; Mark Conner; Daryl B. O'Connor. 2020. "Cluster randomized controlled trial of volitional and motivational interventions to improve bowel cancer screening uptake: A population-level study." Social Science & Medicine 265, no. : 113496.
This study examined reactions to the UK government’s Better Health campaign through a thematic analysis of tweets. Four themes were generated: Embracing Better Health; There is no Better Health without mental health; Inconsistent messaging; Only a surface-level solution. Findings suggest the campaign is problematic, given its lack of consideration for mental health and wider societal factors that contribute to obesity. The campaign could exacerbate mental health difficulties for individuals with eating disorders due to its focus on weight and perceived fat-shaming approach. Recommendations are made to develop future campaigns that avoid negative public responses, minimise harms, and maximise intended benefits.
Catherine V. Talbot; Dawn Branley-Bell. #BetterHealth: A Qualitative Analysis of Reactions to the UK Government’s Better Health Campaign. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleCatherine V. Talbot, Dawn Branley-Bell. #BetterHealth: A Qualitative Analysis of Reactions to the UK Government’s Better Health Campaign. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCatherine V. Talbot; Dawn Branley-Bell. 2020. "#BetterHealth: A Qualitative Analysis of Reactions to the UK Government’s Better Health Campaign." , no. : 1.
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may raise unique challenges for individuals with experience of eating disorders. Many factors have potential for detrimental impacts on psychological wellbeing and eating disorder recovery, including: Disruption to living situations, ‘social distancing’ restrictions, difficult access to healthcare, and societal changes to food behaviours and technology usage. To date, little is known on the impact of the pandemic on this population, particularly within the UK. Method A mixed-methods online survey was developed for the purpose of this study. Data was collected from 129 individuals currently experiencing, or in recovery from, an eating disorder during the early stages of the UK pandemic lockdown. Participants were aged between 16 and 65 years, with 121 participants identifying as female, 7 male and 1 participant preferring not to disclose their gender. Results Findings suggest that the pandemic is having a profound, negative impact upon individuals with experience of eating disorders. Eight key themes were generated: Disruption to living situation, increased social isolation and reduced access to usual support networks, changes to physical activity rates, reduced access to healthcare services, disruption to routine and perceived control, changes to relationship with food, increased exposure to triggering messages, and positive outcomes. The results suggest detrimental impacts on psychological wellbeing including decreased feelings of control, increased feelings of social isolation, increased rumination about disordered eating, and low feelings of social support. Conclusions Individuals with eating disorders are at significant risk of negative impacts of the pandemic. There is a vital need for interventions to support this population. Inequalities in healthcare provision were identified, emphasising a need for a more cohesive approach to remote treatment across UK healthcare services. Positive aspects of technology use were identified but the results suggest a need to address and/or limit the potential for negative impacts of public messages around food and exercise behaviours, and to co-design technologies with end-users to facilitate effective treatment.
Dawn Branley-Bell; Catherine V. Talbot. Exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and UK lockdown on individuals with experience of eating disorders. Journal of Eating Disorders 2020, 8, 1 -12.
AMA StyleDawn Branley-Bell, Catherine V. Talbot. Exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and UK lockdown on individuals with experience of eating disorders. Journal of Eating Disorders. 2020; 8 (1):1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDawn Branley-Bell; Catherine V. Talbot. 2020. "Exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and UK lockdown on individuals with experience of eating disorders." Journal of Eating Disorders 8, no. 1: 1-12.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being integrated into different areas of our lives. AI has the potential to increase productivity and relieve workload on staff in high-pressure jobs such as healthcare. However, most AI healthcare tools have failed. For AI to be effective, it is vital that users can understand how the system is processing data. Explainable AI (XAI) moves away from the traditional ‘black box’ approach, aiming to make the processes behind the system more transparent. This experimental study uses real healthcare data – and combines a computer science and psychological approach – to investigate user trust and understanding of three popular XAI algorithms (Decision Trees, Logistic Regression and Neural Networks). The results question the contribution of understanding towards user trust; Suggesting that understanding and explainability are not the only factors contributing to trust in AI. Users also show biases in trust and understanding – with a particular bias towards malignant results. This raises important issues around how humans can be encouraged to make more accurate judgements when using XAI systems. These findings have implications in relation to ethics, future XAI design, healthcare and further research.
Dawn Branley-Bell; Rebecca Whitworth; Lynne Coventry. User Trust and Understanding of Explainable AI: Exploring Algorithm Visualisations and User Biases. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV 2020, 382 -399.
AMA StyleDawn Branley-Bell, Rebecca Whitworth, Lynne Coventry. User Trust and Understanding of Explainable AI: Exploring Algorithm Visualisations and User Biases. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV. 2020; ():382-399.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDawn Branley-Bell; Rebecca Whitworth; Lynne Coventry. 2020. "User Trust and Understanding of Explainable AI: Exploring Algorithm Visualisations and User Biases." Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV , no. : 382-399.
There are increasing concerns relating to cybersecurity of healthcare data and medical devices. Cybersecurity in this sector is particularly important given the criticality of healthcare systems, the impacts of a breach or cyberattack (including in the worst instance, potential physical harm to patients) and the value of healthcare data to criminals. Technology design is important for cybersecurity, but it is also necessary to understand the insecure behaviours prevalent within healthcare. It is vital to identify the drivers behind these behaviours, i.e., why staff may engage in insecure behaviour including their goals and motivations and/or perceived barriers preventing secure behaviour. To achieve this, in-depth interviews with 50 staff were conducted at three healthcare sites, across three countries (Ireland, Italy and Greece). A range of seven insecure behaviours were reported: Poor computer and user account security; Unsafe e-mail use; Use of USBs and personal devices; Remote access and home working; Lack of encryption, backups and updates; Use of connected medical devices; and poor physical security. Thematic analysis revealed four key facilitators of insecure behaviour: Lack of awareness and experience, Shadow working processes, Behaviour prioritisation and Environmental appropriateness. The findings suggest three key barriers to security: i) Security perceived as a barrier to productivity and/or patient care; ii) Poor awareness of consequences of behaviour; and iii) a lack of policies and reinforcement of secure behaviour. Implications for future research are presented.
Lynne Coventry; Dawn Branley-Bell; Elizabeth Sillence; Sabina Magalini; Pasquale Mari; Aimilia Magkanaraki; Kalliopi Anastasopoulou. Cyber-Risk in Healthcare: Exploring Facilitators and Barriers to Secure Behaviour. HCI for Cybersecurity, Privacy and Trust 2020, 105 -122.
AMA StyleLynne Coventry, Dawn Branley-Bell, Elizabeth Sillence, Sabina Magalini, Pasquale Mari, Aimilia Magkanaraki, Kalliopi Anastasopoulou. Cyber-Risk in Healthcare: Exploring Facilitators and Barriers to Secure Behaviour. HCI for Cybersecurity, Privacy and Trust. 2020; ():105-122.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLynne Coventry; Dawn Branley-Bell; Elizabeth Sillence; Sabina Magalini; Pasquale Mari; Aimilia Magkanaraki; Kalliopi Anastasopoulou. 2020. "Cyber-Risk in Healthcare: Exploring Facilitators and Barriers to Secure Behaviour." HCI for Cybersecurity, Privacy and Trust , no. : 105-122.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a global public health concern. CRC screening is associated with significant reductions in CRC incidence and mortality, however, uptake is suboptimal. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials explored the effectiveness of interventions designed to increase screening uptake, plus the impact of various moderators. Data from 102 studies including 1.94 million participants were analysed. Results showed significant benefit of all interventions combined (OR, 1.49, 95% CI: 1.43, 1.56, p < 0.001). The effects were similar in studies using objective versus self-reported uptake measures and lower in studies judged to be at high risk of bias. Moderator analyses indicated significant effects for aspects of behaviour (effects lower for studies on non-endoscopic procedures), and intervention (effects higher for studies conducted in community settings, in healthcare systems that are not free, and that use reminders, health-professional providers, paper materials supplemented with in-person or phone contact, but avoid remote contact). Interventions that included behaviour change techniques targeting social support (unspecified or practical), instructions or demonstration of the behaviour, and that added objects to the environment produced stronger effects. The way in which findings can inform interventions to improve CRC screening uptake is discussed.
Anastasia Tsipa; Daryl B. O’Connor; Dawn Branley-Bell; Fiona Day; Louise H. Hall; Bianca Sykes-Muskett; Sarah Wilding; Natalie Taylor; Mark Conner. Promoting colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of interventions to increase uptake. Health Psychology Review 2020, 1 -24.
AMA StyleAnastasia Tsipa, Daryl B. O’Connor, Dawn Branley-Bell, Fiona Day, Louise H. Hall, Bianca Sykes-Muskett, Sarah Wilding, Natalie Taylor, Mark Conner. Promoting colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of interventions to increase uptake. Health Psychology Review. 2020; ():1-24.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnastasia Tsipa; Daryl B. O’Connor; Dawn Branley-Bell; Fiona Day; Louise H. Hall; Bianca Sykes-Muskett; Sarah Wilding; Natalie Taylor; Mark Conner. 2020. "Promoting colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of interventions to increase uptake." Health Psychology Review , no. : 1-24.
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may raise unique challenges for individuals with experience of eating disorders. Many factors have potential for detrimental impacts on psychological wellbeing and eating disorder recovery, including: Disruption to living situations, ‘social distancing’ restrictions, difficult access to healthcare, and societal changes to food behaviours and technology usage. To date, little is known on the impact of the pandemic on this population particularly within the UK.Method: A mixed-methods online survey was developed for the purpose of this study. Data was collected from 129 individuals currently experiencing, or in recovery from, an eating disorder during the early stages of the UK pandemic lockdown. Participants were aged between 16-65 years, with 121 participants identifying as female, 7 male and 1 participant preferring not to disclose their gender.Results: Findings suggest that the pandemic is having a profound, negative impact upon individuals with experience of eating disorders. 8 key themes are generated: Disruption to living situation, increased social isolation and reduced access to usual support networks, changes to physical activity rates, reduced access to healthcare services, disruption to routine and perceived control, changes to relationship with food, increased exposure to triggering messages, and positive outcomes. The results suggest detrimental impacts on psychological wellbeing including decreased feelings of control, increased feelings of social isolation, increased rumination about disordered eating, and low feelings of social support.Conclusions: Individuals with eating disorders are at significant risk of negative impacts of the pandemic. There is a vital need for interventions to support this population. Inequalities in healthcare provision were identified, emphasising a need for a more cohesive approach to remote treatment across UK healthcare services. Positive aspects of technology use were identified but the results suggest a need to address and/or limit the potential for negative impacts of public messages around food and exercise behaviours, and to co-design technologies with end-users to facilitate effective treatment.
Dawn Branley-Bell; Catherine V. Talbot. Exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and UK lockdown on individuals with experience of eating disorders. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleDawn Branley-Bell, Catherine V. Talbot. Exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and UK lockdown on individuals with experience of eating disorders. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDawn Branley-Bell; Catherine V. Talbot. 2020. "Exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and UK lockdown on individuals with experience of eating disorders." , no. : 1.
Suicide is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, as measured by cortisol levels, has been identified as 1 potential risk factor. Evidence has indicated that childhood trauma is associated with dysregulated cortisol reactivity to stress in adulthood. The current study investigated for the first time whether childhood trauma and daily stressors and emotions were associated with diurnal cortisol levels over a 7-day study in individuals vulnerable to suicide. One hundred and forty-two participants were categorized according to their suicidal history into 3 groups: suicide attempt, suicidal ideation, or control group. Participants completed questionnaires before commencing a 7-day study. Cortisol samples were provided immediately upon waking, at 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 3 hr, 6 hr, 9 hr, and 12 hr on 7 consecutive days. Measures of daily stressors, mood, defeat, and entrapment were completed at the end of each day. Participants in the suicide attempt and ideation groups released significantly lower cortisol upon awakening (CAR) and had a tendency toward flatter wake-peak to 12 hr (WP-12) cortisol slopes compared to controls. Childhood trauma was found to be associated with significantly lower CAR and a tendency toward flatter WP-12 cortisol slope. Childhood trauma also had an indirect effect on suicide vulnerability group membership via lower daily CAR levels. Lower CAR was associated with increased suicide ideation at 1 month but not 6 months. Daily stress and emotion measures were not associated with cortisol levels. This is the first 7-day daily diary investigation of naturally fluctuating cortisol levels in individuals vulnerable to suicide. The results indicate that dysregulated HPA axis activity is associated with suicidal ideation and behavior. Childhood trauma appears to be an important distal factor associated with HPA-axis dysregulation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Daryl B. O'Connor; Dawn Branley-Bell; Jessica A. Green; Eamonn Ferguson; Ronan E. O'Carroll; Rory C. O'Connor. Effects of childhood trauma, daily stress, and emotions on daily cortisol levels in individuals vulnerable to suicide. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2020, 129, 92 -107.
AMA StyleDaryl B. O'Connor, Dawn Branley-Bell, Jessica A. Green, Eamonn Ferguson, Ronan E. O'Carroll, Rory C. O'Connor. Effects of childhood trauma, daily stress, and emotions on daily cortisol levels in individuals vulnerable to suicide. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2020; 129 (1):92-107.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaryl B. O'Connor; Dawn Branley-Bell; Jessica A. Green; Eamonn Ferguson; Ronan E. O'Carroll; Rory C. O'Connor. 2020. "Effects of childhood trauma, daily stress, and emotions on daily cortisol levels in individuals vulnerable to suicide." Journal of Abnormal Psychology 129, no. 1: 92-107.
Social networking platforms are widely adopted as a social tool in everyday life. Research has identified that networking platforms may also bring many benefits when used in an educational environment. For instance, educational networking may lead to enhanced communication skills; increased teamwork and collaboration; greater comprehension of alternative viewpoints; improved creativity, productivity, and work efficiency; and increased learning speed. However, uptake of educational networking has been slower than expected, and there is an absence of theoretical models or frameworks to help understand and address this. The aim of this chapter is threefold: firstly, to provide a comprehensive overview of the current body of knowledge, identifying and collating barriers toward educational networking adoption and increased usage; secondly, to identify key theories of behavior change relevant to educational networking uptake; and thirdly, to build a comprehensive model and framework for overcoming the identified barriers and improving the contribution of educational networking platforms. This chapter achieves this by drawing upon four of the leading behavioral theories from psychology, computer science, and behavioral economics (theory of planned behavior, technology acceptance model, information system success model, and protection motivation theory) to build the platform adoption model. The model provides a theory-driven basis for future research that will be beneficial within academia and the wider audience, e.g., developers, educators, and learning establishments.
Dawn B. Branley-Bell. The Platform Adoption Model (PAM): A Theoretical Framework to Address Barriers to Educational Networking. Lecture Notes in Social Networks 2019, 133 -157.
AMA StyleDawn B. Branley-Bell. The Platform Adoption Model (PAM): A Theoretical Framework to Address Barriers to Educational Networking. Lecture Notes in Social Networks. 2019; ():133-157.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDawn B. Branley-Bell. 2019. "The Platform Adoption Model (PAM): A Theoretical Framework to Address Barriers to Educational Networking." Lecture Notes in Social Networks , no. : 133-157.
Objectives: Suicide is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, as measured by cortisol levels, has been identified as one potential risk factor. Evidence has indicated that childhood trauma is associated with dysregulated cortisol reactivity to stress in adulthood. The current study investigated for the first time whether childhood trauma and daily stressors and emotions were associated with diurnal cortisol levels over a 7-day study in individuals vulnerable to suicide. Methods: 142 participants were categorized according to their suicidal history into three groups: suicide attempt, suicidal ideation or control group. Participants completed questionnaires before commencing a 7-day study. Cortisol samples were provided immediately upon waking, at 15 mins, 30 mins, 45 mins, 3 hours, 6 hours, 9 hours and 12 hours on 7 consecutive days. Measures of daily stressors, mood, defeat and entrapment were completed at the end of each day. Results: Participants in the suicide attempt and ideation groups released significantly lower cortisol upon awakening (CAR) and had a tendency towards flatter wake-peak to 12 hour (WP-12) cortisol slopes compared to controls. Childhood trauma was found to be associated with significantly lower CAR and a tendency towards flatter WP-12 cortisol slope. Childhood trauma also had an indirect effect on suicide vulnerability group membership via lower daily CAR levels. Lower CAR was associated with increased suicide ideation at 1-month but not 6-months. Daily stress and emotion measures were not associated with cortisol levels. Conclusions: This is the first 7-day daily diary investigation of naturally fluctuating cortisol levels in individuals vulnerable to suicide. The results indicate that dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity is associated with suicidal ideation and behavior. Childhood trauma appears to be an important distal factor associated with HPA-axis dysregulation.
Daryl Brian O'Connor; Dawn Branley-Bell; Jessica Green; Eamonn Ferguson; Ronan O' Carroll; Rory O' Connor. Effects of Childhood Trauma, Daily Stress and Emotions on Daily Cortisol Levels in Individuals Vulnerable to Suicide. 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleDaryl Brian O'Connor, Dawn Branley-Bell, Jessica Green, Eamonn Ferguson, Ronan O' Carroll, Rory O' Connor. Effects of Childhood Trauma, Daily Stress and Emotions on Daily Cortisol Levels in Individuals Vulnerable to Suicide. . 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaryl Brian O'Connor; Dawn Branley-Bell; Jessica Green; Eamonn Ferguson; Ronan O' Carroll; Rory O' Connor. 2019. "Effects of Childhood Trauma, Daily Stress and Emotions on Daily Cortisol Levels in Individuals Vulnerable to Suicide." , no. : 1.
Suicidal behaviour poses a significant public health concern. Research into the factors that distinguish between the emergence of suicide ideation and the enactment of a suicide attempt is crucial. This study tests central tenets of the Integrated Motivational-Volitional Model of suicidal behaviour (IMV, O’Connor and Kirtley, 2018) which posits that volitional phase factors govern the transition from thinking to attempting suicide. 299 adults completed a face-to-face interview and were allocated to groups based on their suicidal history: Suicide attempt group (N = 100), suicide ideation group (N = 105), and a control group (N = 94). Measures were taken at baseline, at 1-month and 6-months follow-up. As predicted, the attempt group differed from the ideation group on all volitional phase factors. Those who had attempted suicide reported higher capability for suicide, were more likely to have a family member or friend who had self-injured or attempted suicide, and were more impulsive. In keeping with the IMV model, the ideation and attempt groups had similar scores on the motivational factors. Defeat and entrapment were significant predictors of ideation at baseline, and mediation analyses indicated that defeat had an indirect effect on ideation through entrapment at baseline and at 1-month follow-up. The results support the IMV model and suggest that entrapment should be routinely included in suicide risk assessments. Further research to test predictors of the transition from suicide ideation to suicide attempts is crucial to inform future intervention development and health care delivery.
Dawn Branley-Bell; Daryl B. O'Connor; Jessica A. Green; Eamonn Ferguson; Ronan E. O'Carroll; Rory C. O'Connor. Distinguishing suicide ideation from suicide attempts: Further test of the Integrated Motivational-Volitional Model of Suicidal Behaviour. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2019, 117, 100 -107.
AMA StyleDawn Branley-Bell, Daryl B. O'Connor, Jessica A. Green, Eamonn Ferguson, Ronan E. O'Carroll, Rory C. O'Connor. Distinguishing suicide ideation from suicide attempts: Further test of the Integrated Motivational-Volitional Model of Suicidal Behaviour. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2019; 117 ():100-107.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDawn Branley-Bell; Daryl B. O'Connor; Jessica A. Green; Eamonn Ferguson; Ronan E. O'Carroll; Rory C. O'Connor. 2019. "Distinguishing suicide ideation from suicide attempts: Further test of the Integrated Motivational-Volitional Model of Suicidal Behaviour." Journal of Psychiatric Research 117, no. : 100-107.
Electronic healthcare technology is prevalent around the world and creates huge potential to improve clinical outcomes and transform care delivery. However, there are increasing concerns relating to the security of healthcare data and devices. Increased connectivity to existing computer networks has exposed medical devices to new cybersecurity vulnerabilities. Healthcare is an attractive target for cybercrime for two fundamental reasons: it is a rich source of valuable data and its defences are weak. Cybersecurity breaches include stealing health information and ransomware attacks on hospitals, and could include attacks on implanted medical devices. Breaches can reduce patient trust, cripple health systems and threaten human life. Ultimately, cybersecurity is critical to patient safety, yet has historically been lax. New legislation and regulations are in place to facilitate change. This requires cybersecurity to become an integral part of patient safety. Changes are required to human behaviour, technology and processes as part of a holistic solution.
Lynne Coventry; Dawn Branley. Cybersecurity in healthcare: A narrative review of trends, threats and ways forward. Maturitas 2018, 113, 48 -52.
AMA StyleLynne Coventry, Dawn Branley. Cybersecurity in healthcare: A narrative review of trends, threats and ways forward. Maturitas. 2018; 113 ():48-52.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLynne Coventry; Dawn Branley. 2018. "Cybersecurity in healthcare: A narrative review of trends, threats and ways forward." Maturitas 113, no. : 48-52.
It is important to understand what factors make some users of social media engage in risky activities. This under-researched area is the focus of the present study which applies the dual-process Prototype Willingness Model to demonstrate the potential role of reasoned and social reactive pathways in explaining risk behaviors in adolescents and adults in the online environment. Quantitative single time point study using online survey data from an international sample of social media users ( N = 1220). Two-step logistic regression analysis tested the predictive ability of the reactive pathway variables of the Prototype Willingness Model above and beyond reasoned pathway variables from expectancy-value models such as the Theory of Reasoned Action and Theory of Planned Behavior. The reactive pathway variables increased explained variance in willingness to engage in online risk behaviors (compared to reasoned pathway variables alone) by a mean improvement of 6.2% across both adolescent and adult age groups. Prototype favorability (how positively or negatively an individual judges their perception of the ‘typical person’ to engage in a risk behavior) emerged as a particularly strong predictor of willingness to engage in online risky behavior. The predictive ability of prototype similarity (an individuals perceived similarity to the ‘typical person’ to engage in risk behavior) differed according to the type of risk behavior involved, with similarity on conscientiousness and extraversion appearing to have the most influence upon willingness. Reactive pathways significantly predict willingness to engage in risky behavior online across both age groups. The reactive pathway variables explained more additional variance in willingness for adolescents compared to adults suggesting that reactive processes may play a bigger part in adolescents’ online risk taking; with decision making potentially shifting towards a more reasoned, analytical pathway in adulthood.
Dawn Beverley Branley; Judith Covey. Risky behavior via social media: The role of reasoned and social reactive pathways. Computers in Human Behavior 2018, 78, 183 -191.
AMA StyleDawn Beverley Branley, Judith Covey. Risky behavior via social media: The role of reasoned and social reactive pathways. Computers in Human Behavior. 2018; 78 ():183-191.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDawn Beverley Branley; Judith Covey. 2018. "Risky behavior via social media: The role of reasoned and social reactive pathways." Computers in Human Behavior 78, no. : 183-191.
There are public and governmental concerns that social media may encourage risky behavior in the offline environment. Using international survey data from 412 young adults aged between 18 and 25 years of age ( M = 21.20 years, SD = 2.31 years), this study demonstrates that there is a relationship between exposure to online content depicting risky behavior and users’ own offline risky behavior. This relationship was found for six behaviors: drug use, excessive alcohol use, disordered eating, self-harm, violence to others, and dangerous pranks. A borderline effect was found for two further behaviors: unprotected sex and sex with a stranger. The relationship between content depicting disordered eating and offline behavior was only significant for females; suggesting that female users may be more vulnerable to effects of viewing content depicting disordered eating habits, and/or use social media content to find material related to their existing behavior. No other gender moderation effects were found. The findings provide preliminary evidence that social media use may influence offline risky behavior in young adults.
Dawn Beverley Branley; Judith Covey. Is exposure to online content depicting risky behavior related to viewers' own risky behavior offline? Computers in Human Behavior 2017, 75, 283 -287.
AMA StyleDawn Beverley Branley, Judith Covey. Is exposure to online content depicting risky behavior related to viewers' own risky behavior offline? Computers in Human Behavior. 2017; 75 ():283-287.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDawn Beverley Branley; Judith Covey. 2017. "Is exposure to online content depicting risky behavior related to viewers' own risky behavior offline?" Computers in Human Behavior 75, no. : 283-287.
Objectives: To compare how people communicate about eating disorders on two popular social media platforms – Twitter and Tumblr. Material and Methods: Thematic analysis was conducted to characterise the types of communications posted, and a content analysis was undertaken of between-platform differences. Results: Three types of content (pro-ana, anti-ana, pro-recovery) were posted on each platform. Overall, across both platforms, extreme pro-ana posts were in the minority compared to anti-ana and pro-recovery. Pro-ana posts (including ‘thinspiration’) were more common on Twitter than Tumblr, whereas anti-ana and pro-recovery posts were more common on Tumblr. Conclusions: The findings have implications for future research and health care relating to the treatment and prevention of eating disorders. Developers of future interventions targeting negative pro-ana content should remain aware of the need to avoid any detrimental impact on positive online support.
Dawn B. Branley; Judith Covey. Pro-ana versus Pro-recovery: A Content Analytic Comparison of Social Media Users’ Communication about Eating Disorders on Twitter and Tumblr. Frontiers in Psychology 2017, 8, 1 .
AMA StyleDawn B. Branley, Judith Covey. Pro-ana versus Pro-recovery: A Content Analytic Comparison of Social Media Users’ Communication about Eating Disorders on Twitter and Tumblr. Frontiers in Psychology. 2017; 8 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDawn B. Branley; Judith Covey. 2017. "Pro-ana versus Pro-recovery: A Content Analytic Comparison of Social Media Users’ Communication about Eating Disorders on Twitter and Tumblr." Frontiers in Psychology 8, no. : 1.
Dawn Branley; Judith Covey; Mariann Hardey. Online Surveys: Investigating Social Media Use and Online Risk. Online Surveys: Investigating Social Media Use and Online Risk 2014, 1 .
AMA StyleDawn Branley, Judith Covey, Mariann Hardey. Online Surveys: Investigating Social Media Use and Online Risk. Online Surveys: Investigating Social Media Use and Online Risk. 2014; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDawn Branley; Judith Covey; Mariann Hardey. 2014. "Online Surveys: Investigating Social Media Use and Online Risk." Online Surveys: Investigating Social Media Use and Online Risk , no. : 1.