Increased meat and egg production leads to concomitant changes in poultry practices, including the indiscriminate use of formaldehyde to sanitize hatching eggs. Although this sanitizer aids in the increase in poultry production, its toxic potential for man and for avian embryos represents an obstacle to its long-term use. This review assesses whether essential oils fit into the context of hatching egg contamination, reviewing their antimicrobial efficiency, toxicity to poultry embryos and chicks, and their sanitizing effects on poultry production parameters. Studies have indicated that, because they are safer, most of the essential oils studied can be a potential substitute for formaldehyde for minimizing microbial exposure of hatching eggs and embryos. However, complementary studies on the microbiological profile of embryos and chicks hatched from eggs sanitized with essential oils need to be carried out and the economic feasibility of the candidate products should also be considered.

The skin of donkeys and mules represents a promising source of income; however, cultural, productive, and infectious factors can directly interfere with the quality of the integumentary tissue and well-being of these species. The objective of this study is to present a literature review on equine dermatopathies. This literature review included scientific articles related to equine medicine and breeding according to pre-established search terms and expressions published in recently articles. The evaluation of the clinical and pathological behavior of dermatopathies implies the use of control strategies and the recognition of pathological patterns that may be particular to the species.

This study evaluates the wound-healing process in horses following the application of two treatment modalities: bacterial cellulose hydrogel with alginate (BCAW) and frog skin (FSW) dressings on experimentally induced skin wounds. Throughout the experiment, no clinical abnormalities were noted in the horses, although initial wound assessments indicated edema and sensitivity. Local hemorrhage was observed in some cases on Day 0, with granulation tissue formation evident by Day 14. Epithelialization began around Day 14 but did not reach complete healing in any group by Day 28. The analysis showed no significant differences in skin wound area or wound contraction rates among the treatment groups compared to control wounds (CWs) over the evaluation periods. Histopathological evaluations also indicated no significant differences in inflammatory responses or healing markers, such as fibroblast proliferation and neovascularization in skin wounds across groups. Despite expectations based on prior research in other species, the treatments with BCAW and FSW did not demonstrate substantial pro-healing effects in horses with induced skin wounds. These findings underscore the complexity of equine wound healing and suggest further investigation is needed to optimize treatment strategies in this species and enhance the translational potential for human clinical applications.

Cardiac congenital defects related to inheritance and teratogenesis have been reported in veterinary species and humans worldwide. Among these, ectopia cordis (EC), characterized by an externalized heart through a cleft, is extremely rare in sheep. This report presents the diagnostic features of two cases of complete thoracic EC in newborn lambs. Clinical findings in the lambs, aside from the EC, were unremarkable. Both animals exhibited exteriorized hearts without pericardial coverage, delineated in the thoracic cleft by a fibrous ring of the pericardium and adjacent skin. Histologically, the epicardium was thickened by fibrous tissue in both lambs, with one animal also showing marked edema, hemorrhage, and neutrophilic inflammatory infiltration. The prognosis of EC in the lambs of this study was poor, with fatal outcomes despite attempts at surgical correction.

Electrical accidents pose a considerable threat to wildlife in anthropized regions, particularly arboreal mammals, as evidenced by cases of electrocutions in nonhuman primates (NHPs). This study characterized the frequency, anatomic distribution, and pathological features of electrocution injuries in free‐ranging NHPs based on data retrieved from necropsy archives at the Veterinary Pathology and Forensics Laboratory, University of Brasilia, Brazil. Gross and microscopic evaluations were conducted to assess the nature and extent of electrothermal injuries, including burns and tissue damage. Between 2019 and 2022, electrocution accounted for 16.5% of NHP deaths, primarily affecting black tufted marmosets. Adult NHPs, regardless of sex, were predominantly affected, mainly in the rainy season. Limbs were the most commonly affected body parts, with double, triple, or multiple injury sites being common. Gross findings mostly included severe burns (Grades III and IV), ulcerative injuries, blisters, bone exposure, singed hair, and muscle exposure. Microscopic examinations unveiled epidermal necrosis, smudging of collagen fibers, stretched epidermal nuclei, blisters (epidermal honeycomb aspect), muscle necrosis, skin metallization, and hemorrhage and congestion within internal organs. Electrocution has emerged as a substantial cause of death in free‐ranging NHPs, particularly in urban and peri‐urban areas. The study underscores the need for public policy adjustments to mitigate the risks of electrocution in NHPs and enhance species conservation efforts in human‐dominated landscapes.

Background: Surveillance of non-human primate (NHP) deaths is vital for the early detection of yellow fever (YF) and prevention of its spread to the human population. This study assessed the YF surveillance system for NHPs in the Brazilian Federal District (FD) from 2008 to 2022. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the aggregated data from 15 years of outbreak surveillance involving NHP deaths was conducted. The analyzed variables included spatiotemporal distribution, species, sex, age, sample collection, cause of death, and YF test results. Results: In total, 1,175 outbreaks involving 1,353 NHP deaths were recorded, averaging 1.35 animals per outbreak, in urban and peri-urban areas. Twenty YF-positive outbreaks were confirmed in 2008, 2015, and 2020, affecting 27 animals, mainly adult Callithrix spp., with an overall YF positivity rate of 2%. Surveillance coverage expanded across all administrative regions of FD, with 96.7% of NHP deaths sampled for YF and pathological analysis. Over the last 5 years, the rate of conclusive diagnoses has increased by 60%, with trauma and infectious diseases being the most common causes of death. Conclusions: The strategic location of FD reinforces the need for ongoing NHP death surveillance as an early warning tool for patients with YF. Continued enhancement of the diagnostic capacity and data integration is essential for strengthening the prevention and control efforts of YF in Brazil.