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Dr. Umberto Molini
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Namibia

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0 Infectious Diseases
0 Sequencing
0 Virus
0 Diagnostic Laboratory
0 Infectious disease diagnostics

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Journal article
Published: 01 July 2021 in Journal of Wildlife Diseases
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Nasal swabs collected from 40 wild ruminants in Namibia were analyzed by PCR for the presence of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) DNA. One sample from an asymptomatic eland (Taurotragus oryx) tested positive, providing the first evidence of the presence of LSDV DNA in an eland.

ACS Style

Umberto Molini; Elsje Boshoff; Abraham P. Niel; Janice Phillips; Siegfried Khaiseb; Tirumala B. K. Settypalli; William G. Dundon; Giovanni Cattoli; Charles E. Lamien. Detection of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in an Asymptomatic Eland (Taurotragus oryx) in Namibia. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 2021, 57, 708 -711.

AMA Style

Umberto Molini, Elsje Boshoff, Abraham P. Niel, Janice Phillips, Siegfried Khaiseb, Tirumala B. K. Settypalli, William G. Dundon, Giovanni Cattoli, Charles E. Lamien. Detection of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in an Asymptomatic Eland (Taurotragus oryx) in Namibia. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 2021; 57 (3):708-711.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Umberto Molini; Elsje Boshoff; Abraham P. Niel; Janice Phillips; Siegfried Khaiseb; Tirumala B. K. Settypalli; William G. Dundon; Giovanni Cattoli; Charles E. Lamien. 2021. "Detection of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in an Asymptomatic Eland (Taurotragus oryx) in Namibia." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 57, no. 3: 708-711.

Communication
Published: 11 May 2021 in Pathogens
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Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV-3) infection is widely distributed in domestic pig populations in America, Europe, and Asia. However, no data is currently available about its presence and distribution in Africa. This study investigated the presence of PCV-3 in pigs (n = 122) in Namibia, by means of biomolecular methods. The pig samples collected (n = 122) were representative of the swine industry in Namibia, covering the major pig production facilities in the country. All of the samples tested were negative for PCV-3, and this indicated that the virus was either not present in the country or was circulating at low levels. Further studies are needed to better understand the distribution, if any, of PCV-3 in Namibia.

ACS Style

Umberto Molini; Giuseppe Marruchella; Frieda Matheus; Yvonne Hemberger; Bernard Chiwome; Siegfried Khaiseb; Giovanni Cattoli; Giovanni Franzo. Molecular Investigation of Porcine Circovirus Type 3 Infection in Pigs in Namibia. Pathogens 2021, 10, 585 .

AMA Style

Umberto Molini, Giuseppe Marruchella, Frieda Matheus, Yvonne Hemberger, Bernard Chiwome, Siegfried Khaiseb, Giovanni Cattoli, Giovanni Franzo. Molecular Investigation of Porcine Circovirus Type 3 Infection in Pigs in Namibia. Pathogens. 2021; 10 (5):585.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Umberto Molini; Giuseppe Marruchella; Frieda Matheus; Yvonne Hemberger; Bernard Chiwome; Siegfried Khaiseb; Giovanni Cattoli; Giovanni Franzo. 2021. "Molecular Investigation of Porcine Circovirus Type 3 Infection in Pigs in Namibia." Pathogens 10, no. 5: 585.

Brief report
Published: 15 March 2021 in Archives of Virology
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Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) is the causative agent of porcine circovirus diseases (PCVD). A study was undertaken to determine whether PCV-2 was present in samples collected from commercial pigs (n = 46) and warthogs (n = 42) in Namibia between 2019 and 2020. Twenty-three of the collected samples were positive by PCR (13 from pigs and 10 from warthogs), and a phylogenetic analysis of ORF2 identified three genotypes (PCV-2b and PCV-2d in pigs and PCV-2c in warthogs). This is the first time that PCV-2 has been identified in warthogs and in Namibia. It is also the first report of PCV-2c in Africa.

ACS Style

Umberto Molini; Giovanni Franzo; Lené Gous; Sjandré Moller; Yvonne Maria Hemberger; Bernard Chiwome; Giuseppe Marruchella; Siegfried Khaiseb; Giovanni Cattoli; William G. Dundon. Three different genotypes of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) identified in pigs and warthogs in Namibia. Archives of Virology 2021, 166, 1723 -1728.

AMA Style

Umberto Molini, Giovanni Franzo, Lené Gous, Sjandré Moller, Yvonne Maria Hemberger, Bernard Chiwome, Giuseppe Marruchella, Siegfried Khaiseb, Giovanni Cattoli, William G. Dundon. Three different genotypes of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) identified in pigs and warthogs in Namibia. Archives of Virology. 2021; 166 (6):1723-1728.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Umberto Molini; Giovanni Franzo; Lené Gous; Sjandré Moller; Yvonne Maria Hemberger; Bernard Chiwome; Giuseppe Marruchella; Siegfried Khaiseb; Giovanni Cattoli; William G. Dundon. 2021. "Three different genotypes of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) identified in pigs and warthogs in Namibia." Archives of Virology 166, no. 6: 1723-1728.

Brief report
Published: 16 December 2020 in Viruses
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Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever (RVF) occurred in Namibia in 2010 and 2011. Complete genome characterization was obtained from virus isolates collected during disease outbreaks in southern Namibia in 2010 and from wildlife in Etosha National Park in 2011, close to the area where RVF outbreaks occurred in domestic livestock. The virus strains were sequenced using Sanger sequencing (Namibia_2010) or next generation sequencing (Namibia_2011). A sequence-independent, single-primer amplification (SISPA) protocol was used in combination with the Illumina Next 500 sequencer. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences of the small (S), medium (M), and large (L) genome segments of RVF virus (RVFV) provided evidence that two distinct RVFV strains circulated in the country. The strain collected in Namibia in 2010 is genetically similar to RVFV strains circulating in South Africa in 2009 and 2010, confirming that the outbreaks reported in the southern part of Namibia in 2010 were caused by possible dissemination of the infection from South Africa. Isolates collected in 2011 were close to RVFV isolates from 2010 collected in humans in Sudan and which belong to the large lineage containing RVFV strains that caused an outbreak in 2006–2008 in eastern Africa. This investigation showed that the RVFV strains circulating in Namibia in 2010 and 2011 were from two different introductions and that RVFV has the ability to move across regions. This supports the need for risk-based surveillance and monitoring.

ACS Style

Gian Mario Cosseddu; Kudakwashe Magwedere; Umberto Molini; Chiara Pinoni; Sigfried Khaiseb; Massimo Scacchia; Maurilia Marcacci; Andrea Capobianco Dondona; Fabrizia Valleriani; Andrea Polci; Federica Monaco. Genetic Diversity of Rift Valley Fever Strains Circulating in Namibia in 2010 and 2011. Viruses 2020, 12, 1453 .

AMA Style

Gian Mario Cosseddu, Kudakwashe Magwedere, Umberto Molini, Chiara Pinoni, Sigfried Khaiseb, Massimo Scacchia, Maurilia Marcacci, Andrea Capobianco Dondona, Fabrizia Valleriani, Andrea Polci, Federica Monaco. Genetic Diversity of Rift Valley Fever Strains Circulating in Namibia in 2010 and 2011. Viruses. 2020; 12 (12):1453.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gian Mario Cosseddu; Kudakwashe Magwedere; Umberto Molini; Chiara Pinoni; Sigfried Khaiseb; Massimo Scacchia; Maurilia Marcacci; Andrea Capobianco Dondona; Fabrizia Valleriani; Andrea Polci; Federica Monaco. 2020. "Genetic Diversity of Rift Valley Fever Strains Circulating in Namibia in 2010 and 2011." Viruses 12, no. 12: 1453.

Journal article
Published: 31 May 2020 in Veterinary World
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Background and Aim: African horse sickness (AHS) is a non-contagious viral disease of horses and other equids caused by an arbovirus belonging to the Reoviridae family and genus Orbivirus. AHS is an endemic disease that is responsible for the death of a high number of horses every year in Namibia. At present, there is no information on the prevalence and distribution of AHS virus (AHSV) serotypes in the different regions of Namibia. Therefore, this survey aimed to fill this knowledge gap by investigating the AHSV seroprevalence in Namibian donkeys. Materials and Methods: A total of 260 blood samples (20 samples for each region) were randomly collected from donkeys aged between 3 and 5 years. Sera were screened for AHSV-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies using a commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and samples positive to AHSV antibodies were further tested by serum neutralization (SN) assay to evaluate the AHSV serotype-specific immune response. Results: Seroprevalence of antibodies against AHSV in Namibian donkeys was 63.5%. The AHSV prevalence was significantly higher in the northern region (64%) than in the southern region (36%). A significantly (p

ACS Style

Umberto Molini; Guendalina Zaccaria; Erick Kandiwa; Borden Mushonga; Siegfried Khaiseb; Charles Ntahonshikira; Bernard Chiwome; Ian Baines; Oscar Madzingira; Giovanni Savini; Nicola D'alterio. Seroprevalence of African horse sickness in selected donkey populations in Namibia. Veterinary World 2020, 13, 1005 -1009.

AMA Style

Umberto Molini, Guendalina Zaccaria, Erick Kandiwa, Borden Mushonga, Siegfried Khaiseb, Charles Ntahonshikira, Bernard Chiwome, Ian Baines, Oscar Madzingira, Giovanni Savini, Nicola D'alterio. Seroprevalence of African horse sickness in selected donkey populations in Namibia. Veterinary World. 2020; 13 (5):1005-1009.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Umberto Molini; Guendalina Zaccaria; Erick Kandiwa; Borden Mushonga; Siegfried Khaiseb; Charles Ntahonshikira; Bernard Chiwome; Ian Baines; Oscar Madzingira; Giovanni Savini; Nicola D'alterio. 2020. "Seroprevalence of African horse sickness in selected donkey populations in Namibia." Veterinary World 13, no. 5: 1005-1009.

Short communication
Published: 25 October 2019 in Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
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Five samples were collected from four suspected outbreaks of African Swine Fever in Namibia in 2018. Sequencing of the C‐terminus of the B646L gene (p72 protein), the central hypervariable region (CVR) of the B602L gene, the E183L gene (p54 protein) and the CD2v (used to determine the serogroup) was performed on DNA isolated from the samples. Phylogenetic analyses of the B646L (p72) revealed that one of the samples belonged to genotype I while the remaining samples could not be assigned to any currently known genotype. In contrast, by using the E183L gene three of the samples were shown to belong to Genotype Id and only two were of unknown genotype. Based on the analysis of the partial CD2v amino acid sequences of four of the samples, one of the viruses clustered with serogroup 2 while the other three did not cluster within any of the eight known serogroups. Examination of the CVR identified three variants with 8, 18, and 24 tetrameric tandem repeat sequences. This study indicates that at least three different genetically distinct ASFV are currently present in Namibia.

ACS Style

Umberto Molini; Borden Mushonga; Tirumala Bharani K Settypalli; William G. Dundon; Siegfried Khaiseb; Mark Jago; Giovanni Cattoli; Charles E. Lamien. Molecular characterization of African swine fever virus from outbreaks in Namibia in 2018. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 2019, 67, 1008 -1014.

AMA Style

Umberto Molini, Borden Mushonga, Tirumala Bharani K Settypalli, William G. Dundon, Siegfried Khaiseb, Mark Jago, Giovanni Cattoli, Charles E. Lamien. Molecular characterization of African swine fever virus from outbreaks in Namibia in 2018. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 2019; 67 (2):1008-1014.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Umberto Molini; Borden Mushonga; Tirumala Bharani K Settypalli; William G. Dundon; Siegfried Khaiseb; Mark Jago; Giovanni Cattoli; Charles E. Lamien. 2019. "Molecular characterization of African swine fever virus from outbreaks in Namibia in 2018." Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 67, no. 2: 1008-1014.

Journal article
Published: 30 January 2019 in Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research
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Between July and September 2017, samples collected from six unvaccinated chickens in Namibia were shown to be positive for infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) by RT-PCR. Partial sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 and VP2 genes from six viruses revealed that they all belong to the very virulent pathotype (Genogroup 3) and are genetically very similar to IBDVs identified in neighbouring Zambia. This is the first molecular characterisation of IBDV in Namibia and has implications on the control and management of the disease in the country.

ACS Style

Umberto Molini; Gottlieb Aikukutu; Juliet Kabajani; Siegfried Khaiseb; Giovanni Cattoli; William G. Dundon. Molecular characterisation of infectious bursal disease virus in Namibia, 2017. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 2019, 86, e1 -e6.

AMA Style

Umberto Molini, Gottlieb Aikukutu, Juliet Kabajani, Siegfried Khaiseb, Giovanni Cattoli, William G. Dundon. Molecular characterisation of infectious bursal disease virus in Namibia, 2017. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research. 2019; 86 (1):e1-e6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Umberto Molini; Gottlieb Aikukutu; Juliet Kabajani; Siegfried Khaiseb; Giovanni Cattoli; William G. Dundon. 2019. "Molecular characterisation of infectious bursal disease virus in Namibia, 2017." Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 86, no. 1: e1-e6.

Case reports
Published: 16 August 2018 in Journal of the South African Veterinary Association
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Several ruminant species have been shown to be susceptible to Schmallenberg virus (SBV), but adult animals usually recover after showing mild or no clinical signs. However, transplacental infection can occur and lead to abortion, malformations and stillborn lambs, calves and goat kids. During November and December 2014, malformations were observed in 11 stillborn calves from two farms in the north-eastern region of Namibia. Blood samples were collected from 9 of the 11 cows that delivered stillborn and malformed calves. All these animals tested negative for Rift Valley fever, bovine viral diarrhoea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and were serologically positive for bluetongue virus, SBV and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus. Clinical findings and serological results suggested that SBV may be circulating in Namibia.

ACS Style

Umberto Molini; Andrea Capobianco Dondona; Renate Hilbert; Federica Monaco. Antibodies against Schmallenberg virus detected in cattle in the Otjozondjupa region, Namibia. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 2018, 89, e1 -e2.

AMA Style

Umberto Molini, Andrea Capobianco Dondona, Renate Hilbert, Federica Monaco. Antibodies against Schmallenberg virus detected in cattle in the Otjozondjupa region, Namibia. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association. 2018; 89 ():e1-e2.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Umberto Molini; Andrea Capobianco Dondona; Renate Hilbert; Federica Monaco. 2018. "Antibodies against Schmallenberg virus detected in cattle in the Otjozondjupa region, Namibia." Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 89, no. : e1-e2.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2018 in Journal of Wildlife Diseases
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ACS Style

Umberto Molini; Gottlieb Aikukutu; Siegfried Khaiseb; Giovanni Cattoli; William G. Dundon. Phylogenetic Analysis of Pigeon Paramyxoviruses Type-1 Identified in Mourning Collared-doves (Streptopelia decipiens) in Namibia, Africa. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 2018, 54, 601 -606.

AMA Style

Umberto Molini, Gottlieb Aikukutu, Siegfried Khaiseb, Giovanni Cattoli, William G. Dundon. Phylogenetic Analysis of Pigeon Paramyxoviruses Type-1 Identified in Mourning Collared-doves (Streptopelia decipiens) in Namibia, Africa. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 2018; 54 (3):601-606.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Umberto Molini; Gottlieb Aikukutu; Siegfried Khaiseb; Giovanni Cattoli; William G. Dundon. 2018. "Phylogenetic Analysis of Pigeon Paramyxoviruses Type-1 Identified in Mourning Collared-doves (Streptopelia decipiens) in Namibia, Africa." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 54, no. 3: 601-606.

Brief report
Published: 04 June 2018 in Archives of Virology
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Between January and July 2017, lumpy skin disease (LSD) outbreaks were reported in cattle in Namibia. DNA was extracted from skin biopsies taken from 32 cattle, and the RNA polymerase 30 kDa subunit (RPO30) gene of the LSD virus (LSDV) was successfully amplified by PCR. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the newly sequenced LSDV isolates from Namibia were identical to LSDV isolates identified previously in Burkina Faso, Egypt, Greece, Niger, Serbia and South Africa. Given that only unvaccinated herds were affected by LSD, it is recommended that the current vaccination programmes in Namibia be re-evaluated to allow nationwide coverage.

ACS Style

Umberto Molini; Gottlieb Aikukutu; Siegfried Khaiseb; Naindji N. Haindongo; Angela C. Lilungwe; Giovanni Cattoli; William G. Dundon; Charles E. Lamien. Molecular characterization of lumpy skin disease virus in Namibia, 2017. Archives of Virology 2018, 163, 2525 -2529.

AMA Style

Umberto Molini, Gottlieb Aikukutu, Siegfried Khaiseb, Naindji N. Haindongo, Angela C. Lilungwe, Giovanni Cattoli, William G. Dundon, Charles E. Lamien. Molecular characterization of lumpy skin disease virus in Namibia, 2017. Archives of Virology. 2018; 163 (9):2525-2529.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Umberto Molini; Gottlieb Aikukutu; Siegfried Khaiseb; Naindji N. Haindongo; Angela C. Lilungwe; Giovanni Cattoli; William G. Dundon; Charles E. Lamien. 2018. "Molecular characterization of lumpy skin disease virus in Namibia, 2017." Archives of Virology 163, no. 9: 2525-2529.

Journal article
Published: 09 September 2016 in Parasitology
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SUMMARYBovine trichomonosis caused byTritrichomonas foetusis a significant reproductive disease of cattle. Preputial samples were collected using sheath washing technique in bulls in Namibia. Thirty-six trichomonad cultures were characterized using the TaqMan-probe commercial real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic assay (VetMAX™-Gold Trich Detection Kit) and CYBR real-time PCR assay based on TFR3/4 primers. Diagnostic real-time PCRs and DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed region confirmed presence ofT. foetusin 35 out of 36 samples. Multilocus genotyping using cysteine proteases (CP1, CP2, CP4, CP5, CP6, CP7, CP8, CP9) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH1) gene sequences demonstrate that theT. foetusin Namibia are genetically distinct from those characterized elsewhere. We report the discovery of a novel genotype ofT. foetusin Namibian cattle, distinct from otherT. foetusgenotypes in Europe, South and North America and Australia. We suggest recognition of a ‘Southern African’ genotype ofT. foetus. Identification of the new genotype ofT. foetusdemonstrates the need for wider global sampling to fully understand the diversity and origin ofT. foetuscausing disease in cattle or cats.

ACS Style

Andrea Casteriano; Umberto Molini; Kornelia Kandjumbwa; Siegfried Khaiseb; Caroline Frey; Jan Šlapeta. Novel genotype ofTritrichomonas foetusfrom cattle in Southern Africa. Parasitology 2016, 143, 1954 -1959.

AMA Style

Andrea Casteriano, Umberto Molini, Kornelia Kandjumbwa, Siegfried Khaiseb, Caroline Frey, Jan Šlapeta. Novel genotype ofTritrichomonas foetusfrom cattle in Southern Africa. Parasitology. 2016; 143 (14):1954-1959.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Casteriano; Umberto Molini; Kornelia Kandjumbwa; Siegfried Khaiseb; Caroline Frey; Jan Šlapeta. 2016. "Novel genotype ofTritrichomonas foetusfrom cattle in Southern Africa." Parasitology 143, no. 14: 1954-1959.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in Trials in Vaccinology
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African horse sickness (AHS) is a non-contagious, insect-borne disease of equids caused by a RNA virus (AHSV), which belongs to the genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae. The disease is endemic in sub-Saharan and western Africa, where prevention strictly depends upon vaccination. The present paper aims at evaluating the serological response and the occurrence of AHS in horses bred under field condition and regularly immunized using the commercially available live attenuated vaccine (LAV) produced by Onderstepoort Biological Products.The study was carried out in a farm located in the district of Windhoek (Namibia), where the disease is endemic. A total of 72 cross-breed horses, out of the 150 housed on the farm, were subdivided in six age groups, from 2 to 7years-old. Each group consisted of 12 heads which were born during the same breeding season and had undergone from four to nine vaccination courses. AHSV specific immune response was evaluated by serum-virus neutralization test. Data about the clinical occurrence of the AHS from 2006 to 2011 were made available. The immune response, in terms of number of seropositive horses and serum neutralizing titers, was quite variable among horses and against different serotypes. Neutralizing antibodies against all serotypes were recorded in all the horses only after eight vaccination courses at 6years of age onwards. Immune response to AHSV-5 and 9, which are not included in the LAV formulation, were also established. A severe AHS epidemic occurred in Namibia in 2011. On the farm under study, a total of 32 animals were clinically affected, 12 died, 11 of them were 2year-old or younger.Our data confirm that vaccination with LAV is a useful tool to reduce the severity of the disease in endemic areas. However, clinical and sometimes fatal AHS can still affect young vaccinated horses, thus highlighting the necessity to better understand the immune response to AHSV and to dispose of more effective vaccines

ACS Style

Umberto Molini; Giuseppe Marucchella; Adrianatus Maseke; Gaetano Federico Ronchi; Mauro Di Ventura; Romolo Salini; Massimo Scacchia; Attilio Pini. Immunization of horses with a polyvalent live-attenuated African horse sickness vaccine: Serological response and disease occurrence under field conditions. Trials in Vaccinology 2015, 4, 24 -28.

AMA Style

Umberto Molini, Giuseppe Marucchella, Adrianatus Maseke, Gaetano Federico Ronchi, Mauro Di Ventura, Romolo Salini, Massimo Scacchia, Attilio Pini. Immunization of horses with a polyvalent live-attenuated African horse sickness vaccine: Serological response and disease occurrence under field conditions. Trials in Vaccinology. 2015; 4 ():24-28.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Umberto Molini; Giuseppe Marucchella; Adrianatus Maseke; Gaetano Federico Ronchi; Mauro Di Ventura; Romolo Salini; Massimo Scacchia; Attilio Pini. 2015. "Immunization of horses with a polyvalent live-attenuated African horse sickness vaccine: Serological response and disease occurrence under field conditions." Trials in Vaccinology 4, no. : 24-28.

Clinical trial
Published: 09 April 2013 in Veterinaria italiana
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ACS Style

Rossella Lelli; Umberto Molini; Gaetano Federico Ronchi; Emanuela Rossi; Paola Franchi; Simonetta Ulisse; Gisella Armillotta; Sara Capista; Siegfried Khaiseb; Mauro Di Ventura; Attilio Pini. Inactivated and adjuvanted vaccine for the control of the African horse sickness virus serotype 9 infection: evaluation of efficacy in horses and guinea-pig model. Veterinaria italiana 2013, 49, 1 .

AMA Style

Rossella Lelli, Umberto Molini, Gaetano Federico Ronchi, Emanuela Rossi, Paola Franchi, Simonetta Ulisse, Gisella Armillotta, Sara Capista, Siegfried Khaiseb, Mauro Di Ventura, Attilio Pini. Inactivated and adjuvanted vaccine for the control of the African horse sickness virus serotype 9 infection: evaluation of efficacy in horses and guinea-pig model. Veterinaria italiana. 2013; 49 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rossella Lelli; Umberto Molini; Gaetano Federico Ronchi; Emanuela Rossi; Paola Franchi; Simonetta Ulisse; Gisella Armillotta; Sara Capista; Siegfried Khaiseb; Mauro Di Ventura; Attilio Pini. 2013. "Inactivated and adjuvanted vaccine for the control of the African horse sickness virus serotype 9 infection: evaluation of efficacy in horses and guinea-pig model." Veterinaria italiana 49, no. 1: 1.