The 2024 aluminum alloy, a structural material commonly used in aviation aircraft bodies, is susceptible to serious corrosion in marine atmospheric environments. This paper comprehensively studies the corrosion behavior of the 2024 aluminum alloy in the South China Sea atmosphere. Weighing, morphology observation, phase analysis, electrochemical testing, and other methods were used to study the corrosion law and corrosion mechanism of the 2024 aluminum alloy. The main conclusions are as follows: At the initial stage of exposure, pitting corrosion occurred on the surface of the 2024 aluminum alloy. After 3 months of exposure, the self-corrosion current density increased from 0.456 μA·cm⁻² to 8.338 μA·cm⁻². After 6 months of exposure, the corrosion developed into general corrosion. The main component of the corrosion product was Al₂O₃·3H₂O. The product covered the surface to form a loose corrosion product layer, which had an inhibitory effect on corrosion. The self-corrosion current density was reduced to 2.359 μA·cm⁻². After 12 months of exposure, the corrosion product layer fell off and became thinner, and the self-corrosion current density increased to 2.849 μA·cm⁻². The corrosion kinetics conformed to the functional equation W = 0.00346t^0.73891, indicating that the corrosion products have a certain protective effect on the matrix.