A comprehensive wind tunnel experimental study for $4:12$ -sloped hip roofs of L- and T-shaped low buildings was carried out in a simulated open terrain exposure to examine wind load characteristics and assess the applicability of wind provisions specified by the American wind load standard for such geometries. Results show that considering roof shape effects, hip roofs with rectangular or complex plans perform differently from rectangular gable roofs and incur smaller local and area-averaged suction. For L- and T-shaped hip roofs, distinctive pressure distributions occur, particularly along roof eaves near building re-entrant corners, where considerable suction appears for the wind blowing toward these building re-entrant corners. Furthermore, the building length-to-width aspect ratio effects are in most cases moderate. Generally, the wind load provisions of the American wind load standard are adequate for L- and T-shaped hip roofs, except for the edge zone along ridge and hip with large areas, for which measured values exceed the code-specified wind pressure coefficients. Finally, it was found more appropriate to utilize the entire L- or T-shaped roof dimensions, as opposed to the rectangular section only, to determine the least horizontal dimension of such nonrectangular hip roofs for the definition of roof zones.

The low-aspect-ratio cylindrical structures represented by oil tanks is a kind of wind sensitive structure, which is prone to buckling under wind-loads. A wind tunnel test was conducted to investigate the properties of wind-loads acting on smooth cylinders with an aspect ratio AR = 0.323 and 0.875, respectively. Some parameters, such as Reynolds number (Re) and turbulence intensity, were taken into account. The results reveal that low-aspect-ratio cylinders have a Re effect, and the effect rises with AR. AR is the main factor affecting the value of the base pressure coefficient and positive pressure range, and the former increases with AR, while the latter decreases with AR. Moreover, due to the influence of the free end and turbulence, which may suppress vortex shedding, the power spectrum of the lift coefficient essentially shows broad spectral peaks with Re and turbulence. Increasing the incoming turbulence made the flow round cylinders at a higher Re state, that is, the supercritical regime is reached at a smaller Re. When turbulence is greater than 4.0%, turbulence and Re have little effect on the mean base force coefficient of low-aspect-ratio cylinders.