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Dr. Laura Parte
UNED—National University of Distance Education

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0 Tourism Management
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0 accounting education

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Conference paper
Published: 01 July 2021 in EDULEARN21 Proceedings
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ACS Style

Laura Parte; Lucía Mellado. ACTIVE LEARNING THROUGH ONLINE QUIZZES BY UNDERGRADUATE ACCOUNTING STUDENTS. EDULEARN21 Proceedings 2021, 7866 -7866.

AMA Style

Laura Parte, Lucía Mellado. ACTIVE LEARNING THROUGH ONLINE QUIZZES BY UNDERGRADUATE ACCOUNTING STUDENTS. EDULEARN21 Proceedings. 2021; ():7866-7866.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Parte; Lucía Mellado. 2021. "ACTIVE LEARNING THROUGH ONLINE QUIZZES BY UNDERGRADUATE ACCOUNTING STUDENTS." EDULEARN21 Proceedings , no. : 7866-7866.

Journal article
Published: 16 April 2021 in Mathematics
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This study analyzes business performance through efficiency score estimation in two sustainable tourism models: cultural tourism and rural tourism. The study uses microeconomic data (microdata) of Spanish firms with different characteristics in terms of size, region, location and financial variables. Using multistage modeling (Data envelopment analysis, DEA, non-parametric frontier and non-parametric tests), the main results show that the average efficiency is higher for rural tourism destinations than for cultural tourism destinations. Similar to other tourism industries, efficiency results by geographical and regional destination confirm that location is a driver of the efficiency levels in rural and cultural tourism destinations. Furthermore, the results do not support the scale economies hypothesis: the average efficiency is higher for very small firms compared to other firm sizes, although the average efficiency for large firms is higher than that for medium-size firms. Regarding dynamic efficiency, the results reveal slight variations among the years examined, but the differences are not statistically significant. Finally, the study sheds light on the link between the efficiency of rural tourism and sustainable practices as the investment in environmental protection developed by regions during the period.

ACS Style

Laura Parte; Pilar Alberca. Business Performance and Sustainability in Cultural and Rural Tourism Destinations. Mathematics 2021, 9, 892 .

AMA Style

Laura Parte, Pilar Alberca. Business Performance and Sustainability in Cultural and Rural Tourism Destinations. Mathematics. 2021; 9 (8):892.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Parte; Pilar Alberca. 2021. "Business Performance and Sustainability in Cultural and Rural Tourism Destinations." Mathematics 9, no. 8: 892.

Journal article
Published: 11 February 2021 in Sustainability
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This study focuses on true and fair view (TFV) and fair presentation (FP) in financial statements. It questions if attitudes towards the true and fair override (TFO) condition, included in European Union (EU) legislation and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), is indicative of a principles-based approach or lip service to a concept that is rarely applied. We address this subject because we consider that there should be a consensus and harmonisation on TFV—that TFO has a vital role within the principles-based framework, and while the accounting standard development process should limit the application of the TFO concept, in practice, it is an important reporting option. TFV/TFO harmonisation also has an important role in sustainability accounting, to reveal company actions which are influenced by more than just the objective of complying with the standards. In the empirical part, accounting experts from 24 European countries were surveyed. Their responses suggest a lack of clarity around the distinction between TFV and FP and a reluctance to consider, in practice, the application of the TFO. Drawing on behavioural theories—ostrich effect and comfort theory—we find explanations and reasoning behind attitudes to these cornerstone concepts. Specifically, we try to explain behavioural attitudes to TFV/FP and TFO positions, which defend uncompromising compliance with standards.

ACS Style

Anne Garvey; Laura Parte; Bridget McNally; José Gonzalo-Angulo. True and Fair Override: Accounting Expert Opinions, Explanations from Behavioural Theories, and Discussions for Sustainability Accounting. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1928 .

AMA Style

Anne Garvey, Laura Parte, Bridget McNally, José Gonzalo-Angulo. True and Fair Override: Accounting Expert Opinions, Explanations from Behavioural Theories, and Discussions for Sustainability Accounting. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):1928.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anne Garvey; Laura Parte; Bridget McNally; José Gonzalo-Angulo. 2021. "True and Fair Override: Accounting Expert Opinions, Explanations from Behavioural Theories, and Discussions for Sustainability Accounting." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1928.

Journal article
Published: 15 November 2020 in Sustainability
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This study extends previous empirical efficiency research by focusing on a tourism sector which has limited evidence to date: the holiday and other short-stay accommodation industry (tourist apartments and hostels). The sample comprises 12,864 firm-level observations during the period 2005–2016. First, we calculate the efficiency index using a non-radial Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Second, we test the association between efficiency index and contextual factors using both Tobit and bootstrapped regression. Another major contribution is the use of a radial DEA model to confirm the results of the study. The current study offers new insights by focusing on an industry with scarce evidence, using radial and non-radial DEA approaches, and examining a wide variety of efficiency drivers. The efficiency results are examined by year, region and tourist destination type (including tourism dimensions such as rural, cultural and wine tourism). This is an important novelty of the study. The main findings reveal that the most efficient tourism destinations correspond to mixed or diversified destinations: those that combine some dimensions such as cultural, rural and wine tourism. The regressions models show that environmental, macroeconomic and business variables are drivers of tourism competitiveness. Taken together, the study goes a step further in the efficiency field.

ACS Style

Pilar Alberca; Laura Parte. Efficiency in the Holiday and Other Short-Stay Accommodation Industry. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9493 .

AMA Style

Pilar Alberca, Laura Parte. Efficiency in the Holiday and Other Short-Stay Accommodation Industry. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9493.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pilar Alberca; Laura Parte. 2020. "Efficiency in the Holiday and Other Short-Stay Accommodation Industry." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9493.

Journal article
Published: 26 October 2020 in Accounting Education
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ACS Style

Lucía Mellado; Laura Parte; Enrique Villanueva. Perceptions of the accounting profession based on an analysis of metaphors by undergraduate accounting students. Accounting Education 2020, 29, 572 -604.

AMA Style

Lucía Mellado, Laura Parte, Enrique Villanueva. Perceptions of the accounting profession based on an analysis of metaphors by undergraduate accounting students. Accounting Education. 2020; 29 (6):572-604.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lucía Mellado; Laura Parte; Enrique Villanueva. 2020. "Perceptions of the accounting profession based on an analysis of metaphors by undergraduate accounting students." Accounting Education 29, no. 6: 572-604.

Journal article
Published: 29 November 2018 in Benchmarking: An International Journal
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the efficiency of trade shows and provide insights for trade show exhibitors using data envelopment analysis (DEA). The paper also offers a benchmarking analysis of the business factors for the most efficient trade shows in each sector. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses the metafrontier DEA methodology and identifies several frontiers according to the sector in which the trade show operates since different sectors could not share homogeneous production technology for exhibitor firms. Findings The main findings reveal different profiles of individual sectors. The investment sector presents a more homogenous profile than either the consumer goods or the services sector. The consumer goods sector is more heterogeneous but it is also possible to find common characteristics for the most efficient trade shows. The service sector is characterized by a high variability and as such it is more difficult to identify benchmarking elements for the most efficient trade shows. Research limitations/implications The main limitation of the study is that the sample only includes audited trade shows. Future studies could extend the period under study in order to obtain a more complete picture on the evolution of trade show efficiency. Originality/value This paper extends the DEA results by profiling the most efficient trade shows in each sector so that this information can be used as a benchmarking tool to define exhibitors’ strategic decision making.

ACS Style

Pilar Alberca; Laura Parte; Ainhoa Rodríguez. The metaefficiency of trade shows: a benchmarking analysis by sector. Benchmarking: An International Journal 2018, 25, 2875 -2891.

AMA Style

Pilar Alberca, Laura Parte, Ainhoa Rodríguez. The metaefficiency of trade shows: a benchmarking analysis by sector. Benchmarking: An International Journal. 2018; 25 (8):2875-2891.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pilar Alberca; Laura Parte; Ainhoa Rodríguez. 2018. "The metaefficiency of trade shows: a benchmarking analysis by sector." Benchmarking: An International Journal 25, no. 8: 2875-2891.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Event Management
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Trade show participation is expensive for exhibitors, and therefore developing tools and methodologies in order to assess the performance and efficiency of trade shows is an important issue. The aim of this study is to determine the efficiency of trade shows with a particular focus on the service sector and the influence of business factors in the selection process of the trade show. The efficiency is estimated using audited data of exhibiting firms. Moreover, trade show efficiency in service-oriented shows is examined in detail, as is the influence of explanatory variables related to the business and service orientation of trade shows. Based on the results, the study provides conclusions and managerial implications to inform policy prescriptions that will help exhibitors to design their pre-show planning process. From a pre-show stage policy, socio economic perspective and events planning, the study highlights the importance of improving scale efficiency in the Spanish trade show sector.

ACS Style

Pilar Alberca; Laura Parte; Ainhoa Rodríguez. Events Planning and Service Orientation: A Comprehensive Study of Efficiency in Trade Shows. Event Management 2018, 22, 803 -824.

AMA Style

Pilar Alberca, Laura Parte, Ainhoa Rodríguez. Events Planning and Service Orientation: A Comprehensive Study of Efficiency in Trade Shows. Event Management. 2018; 22 (5):803-824.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pilar Alberca; Laura Parte; Ainhoa Rodríguez. 2018. "Events Planning and Service Orientation: A Comprehensive Study of Efficiency in Trade Shows." Event Management 22, no. 5: 803-824.

Journal article
Published: 28 August 2018 in International Journal of Hospitality Management
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This research examines the efficiency of Spanish bar firms using a panel data of 1071 firms during the period 2005–2014. The analysis begins with the estimation of a dynamic multistage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to evaluate firm efficiency. Second, the study analyzes regional efficiency across regions and provinces. Third, the study sheds light on the link between efficiency scores, and location, economic conditions, labour skills and training, health, pollution problems and other environmental variables and information and communication technologies. The results offer novel insights into socioeconomic and environmental factors and regional efficiency by focusing on an industry that has yet to be explored.

ACS Style

Laura Parte; Pilar Alberca. A multistage model to evaluate the efficiency the bar industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management 2018, 77, 512 -522.

AMA Style

Laura Parte, Pilar Alberca. A multistage model to evaluate the efficiency the bar industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 2018; 77 ():512-522.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Parte; Pilar Alberca. 2018. "A multistage model to evaluate the efficiency the bar industry." International Journal of Hospitality Management 77, no. : 512-522.

Conference paper
Published: 26 April 2018 in Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics
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This paper examines the effects that professional status and maturity have on the understanding and perception of the true and fair view (TFV) and its True and fair override in Spain. The effects were deduced by a survey conducted on students and auditors. The results show that, while the goal of reaching the TFV is fully integrated into the Spanish accounting system, the implications of such an objective are far from what would be expected. The evidence suggests a practical rejection of the overriding aspect associated with the TFV notion in the EU Directives which is demonstrated by a preference to follow the accounting standards in all cases rather than having to choose when not to apply them in order to achieve this objective. This aversion is logical in a country whose legislation allows little room for flexibility. Finally, the study identifies a pattern of change according to the participant’s professional status and maturity. It is observed that the younger and less professional participants are more concerned with obtaining the TFV than the strict coherence with the accounting standards. However, as the participants evolve according to age and professional status they prefer the TFV to be obtained by a rigorous following of the standards without having to override them, they are also more demanding for a detailed definition of TFV and are much less favourable to the imposition of fines where the TFV is not achieved by following the accounting standards.

ACS Style

J. A. Gonzalo-Angulo; A. M. Garvey; L. Parte. Perceptions of True and Fair View: Effects of Professional Status and Maturity. Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics 2018, 159 -186.

AMA Style

J. A. Gonzalo-Angulo, A. M. Garvey, L. Parte. Perceptions of True and Fair View: Effects of Professional Status and Maturity. Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics. 2018; ():159-186.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J. A. Gonzalo-Angulo; A. M. Garvey; L. Parte. 2018. "Perceptions of True and Fair View: Effects of Professional Status and Maturity." Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics , no. : 159-186.

Articles
Published: 03 April 2018 in Journal of Teaching in International Business
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Cognitive load theory (CLT) has rarely been applied in the area of financial accounting. This research demonstrates that by using CLT, financial accounting and reporting can benefit in the areas of teaching and decision making. The CLT indicates that by reducing the load of complex concepts in the working memory, a more efficient result is obtained from the expected output. A real example on International Accounting Standard (IAS) 40 on Investment Properties (IP) is used to analyze the assimilation of the true and fair view concept. This standard permits the use of either the fair value or cost value model. Additionally, the study examines whether financial presentation formats are relevant for understanding financial information. The main results show that adequate financial presentation formats reduce extraneous load, and where presentation formats cannot be changed, results can be improved by decreasing cognitive load through dedicating more time to teaching the more complex option. This research aims to aid international business education by recommending these findings to standard setters and improving education material.

ACS Style

Laura Parte; Anne M. Garvey; José Antonio Gonzalo-Angulo. Cognitive Load Theory: Why It’s Important for International Business Teaching and Financial Reporting. Journal of Teaching in International Business 2018, 29, 134 -160.

AMA Style

Laura Parte, Anne M. Garvey, José Antonio Gonzalo-Angulo. Cognitive Load Theory: Why It’s Important for International Business Teaching and Financial Reporting. Journal of Teaching in International Business. 2018; 29 (2):134-160.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Parte; Anne M. Garvey; José Antonio Gonzalo-Angulo. 2018. "Cognitive Load Theory: Why It’s Important for International Business Teaching and Financial Reporting." Journal of Teaching in International Business 29, no. 2: 134-160.

Journal article
Published: 19 March 2018 in International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the operational efficiency of restaurants in a dynamic context, over the period 2011-2014. The paper also analyzes efficiency with respect to several frontiers and production technologies dependent on restaurant size. Finally, it provides a new perspective by examining financial and non-financial variables that can directly affect the efficiency of restaurant firms. Design/methodology/approach The study applies metafrontier data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology to investigate differences in production technologies, dynamic Tobit regression models and bootstrap procedure. Findings The results reveal that operational efficiency in the restaurant industry is affected by firm size, showing that large restaurants perform better than medium-sized and small restaurants Moreover, the evidence suggests a link between the efficiency index and financial variables, such as credit ratings, probability of default or bankruptcy, leverage and cash flow, as well as a link with non-financial variables, such as type of auditor. Practical implications The strength of restaurant firms has practical implications for managers and entrepreneurs, linked to the investment possibilities and growth potential of companies in that industry. Originality/value This study provides exploratory insights into operational efficiency as well as restaurant efficiency determinants. Performance and operational efficiency are key factors to restaurant firms’ survival in the economies that have been most severely affected by the financial crisis. Furthermore, this study confirms the relevance of financial and non-financial variables, which are associated with firm efficiency in this industry.

ACS Style

Pilar Alberca; Laura Parte. Operational efficiency evaluation of restaurant firms. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 2018, 30, 1959 -1977.

AMA Style

Pilar Alberca, Laura Parte. Operational efficiency evaluation of restaurant firms. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 2018; 30 (3):1959-1977.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pilar Alberca; Laura Parte. 2018. "Operational efficiency evaluation of restaurant firms." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 30, no. 3: 1959-1977.

Journal article
Published: 07 August 2017 in International Journal of Accounting & Information Management
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Purpose This paper aims to provide evidence of an unintended observable consequence of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption by examining opportunistic use of earnings management through revenue as well as expense items classification shifting in the year of transition. Design/methodology/approach To document classification shifting, the authors take advantage of the Korean mandatory IFRS adoption in 2011, when broad discretion was given to publicly traded companies’ managers to present operating profits. Findings It is found that companies strategically use both revenues and expenses to manage core earnings at the time of transition by shifting other income as a common tactic to improve their operating performance and special expenses just to meet or beat earnings targets. Originality/value Given the concerns of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) about classification shifting behavior and the debate over whether the SEC should mandate the use of IFRS for US companies, the findings of this study are timely and contribute to authors’ understanding of the unintended consequences of mandatory IFRS adoption.

ACS Style

Minyoung Noh; Doocheol Moon; Laura Parte. Earnings management using revenue classification shifting – evidence from the IFRS adoption period. International Journal of Accounting & Information Management 2017, 25, 333 -355.

AMA Style

Minyoung Noh, Doocheol Moon, Laura Parte. Earnings management using revenue classification shifting – evidence from the IFRS adoption period. International Journal of Accounting & Information Management. 2017; 25 (3):333-355.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Minyoung Noh; Doocheol Moon; Laura Parte. 2017. "Earnings management using revenue classification shifting – evidence from the IFRS adoption period." International Journal of Accounting & Information Management 25, no. 3: 333-355.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2017 in Revista de Contabilidad
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The highly controversial lease standard-setting project that will replace the standards currently in place, establishes a new approach that includes the recognition of all assets and liabilities associated with lease contracts on the balance sheet, regardless of their classification. The complex standard-setting process and the heated debate among stakeholders makes the analysis of the lobbying phenomenon an important matter for study. The aim of this paper is to find explanatory factors that predict the behaviour of corporate groups with respect to the lease standard-setting process. To achieve this objective, we scrutinize the submission of comment letters by 306 non-financial listed companies in response to the discussion paper (DP 2009) and two exposure drafts (ED 2010 and ED 2013) elaborated jointly by the IASB and the FASB by distinguishing among three degrees of intensity in lobbying activities, depending on participation in the different discussion periods. Our empirical study is conducted through a multivariate analysis that shows the intensity of lobbying by considering participation in the three consultation periods. The results show that the intensity of lobbying is associated with size, profitability, age, industry and managerial ownership. The evidence can be used to predict lobbying behaviour. The research has implications for standard setters and contributes to prior lobbying research

ACS Style

Lucia Mellado; Laura Parte. Determinants of corporate lobbying intensity in the lease standard-setting process. Revista de Contabilidad 2017, 20, 131 -142.

AMA Style

Lucia Mellado, Laura Parte. Determinants of corporate lobbying intensity in the lease standard-setting process. Revista de Contabilidad. 2017; 20 (2):131-142.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lucia Mellado; Laura Parte. 2017. "Determinants of corporate lobbying intensity in the lease standard-setting process." Revista de Contabilidad 20, no. 2: 131-142.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in EDUCADE - Revista de Educación en Contabilidad, Finanzas y Administración de Empresas
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ACS Style

Anne M. Garvey; Laura Parte; José Antonio Gonzalo Angulo. The assimilation of complex accounting concepts using the Cognitive Load Theory as a framework. EDUCADE - Revista de Educación en Contabilidad, Finanzas y Administración de Empresas 2017, 33 -55.

AMA Style

Anne M. Garvey, Laura Parte, José Antonio Gonzalo Angulo. The assimilation of complex accounting concepts using the Cognitive Load Theory as a framework. EDUCADE - Revista de Educación en Contabilidad, Finanzas y Administración de Empresas. 2017; (8):33-55.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anne M. Garvey; Laura Parte; José Antonio Gonzalo Angulo. 2017. "The assimilation of complex accounting concepts using the Cognitive Load Theory as a framework." EDUCADE - Revista de Educación en Contabilidad, Finanzas y Administración de Empresas , no. 8: 33-55.

Journal article
Published: 03 July 2013 in Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research
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This study examines the relationship between meeting earnings benchmarks and regional factors related to the hospitality industry. Our hypothesis assumes that the tourist flow in which a hotel is located influences the hotel’s performance, but it is not the same for all firms. Specifically, firms meeting earnings benchmarks, when it is documented that managers have strong incentives to engage in earnings management strategy, present a different relationship with regional tourist flow. The evidence suggests that regional tourist flow is associated with the corporate performance of firms but that there is an inflexion point for firms meeting earnings benchmarks.

ACS Style

Laura Parte-Esteban; Pilar Alberca-Oliver. Tourist Flow and Earnings Benchmarks. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 2013, 40, 58 -84.

AMA Style

Laura Parte-Esteban, Pilar Alberca-Oliver. Tourist Flow and Earnings Benchmarks. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research. 2013; 40 (1):58-84.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Parte-Esteban; Pilar Alberca-Oliver. 2013. "Tourist Flow and Earnings Benchmarks." Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 40, no. 1: 58-84.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2013 in Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa
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ACS Style

Pilar Alberca; Laura Parte. Evaluación de la eficiencia y la productividad en el sector hotelero español: un análisis regional. Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa 2013, 19, 102 -111.

AMA Style

Pilar Alberca, Laura Parte. Evaluación de la eficiencia y la productividad en el sector hotelero español: un análisis regional. Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa. 2013; 19 (2):102-111.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pilar Alberca; Laura Parte. 2013. "Evaluación de la eficiencia y la productividad en el sector hotelero español: un análisis regional." Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa 19, no. 2: 102-111.

Journal article
Published: 28 February 2010 in Tourism Management
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This paper empirically analyzes the indebtedness of the main companies in the Spanish hotel industry. In particular, it introduces a method to analyze the structures and dynamics of the largest companies in this sector. The method combines the Pearson correlation coefficient with the nearest neighbour single linkage clustering algorithm (Mantegna, R. N. (1999). Hierarchical structure in financial markets. The European Physical Journal B, 11, 193–197). The Pearson correlation coefficient determines a metric distance between two different multidimensional time series that is then used to construct a Minimal Spanning Tree. From this tree, an ultra metric distance that is used to derive the Hierarchical Tree can be computed. From the analysis of the time series data of companies included in the SABI, or the Iberian Balance Sheet Analysis System 2005, it is possible to derive a hierarchical organization of the Spanish hotel firms. In particular, different dynamic clusters of companies, which correspond to their common production and indebtedness strategies, can be detected.

ACS Style

Juan Gabriel Brida; Laura Parte Esteban; Wiston Adrián Risso; María Jesús Such Devesa. The international hotel industry in Spain: Its hierarchical structure. Tourism Management 2010, 31, 57 -73.

AMA Style

Juan Gabriel Brida, Laura Parte Esteban, Wiston Adrián Risso, María Jesús Such Devesa. The international hotel industry in Spain: Its hierarchical structure. Tourism Management. 2010; 31 (1):57-73.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Gabriel Brida; Laura Parte Esteban; Wiston Adrián Risso; María Jesús Such Devesa. 2010. "The international hotel industry in Spain: Its hierarchical structure." Tourism Management 31, no. 1: 57-73.

Original articles
Published: 01 January 2008 in Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting / Revista Española de Financiación y Contabilidad
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This paper analyses the hypothesis of avoiding losses and decreases in earnings through extraordinary items. First, we examine whether there is a discontinuity at zero (i.e., a «kink») in the distribution of profits and increases of profits in two levels: ordinary income and income before tax. Second, we examine the effect of extraordinary items in the financial information. Particularly we test: a) if the recognition and distribution of the extraordinary items in the reported earnings is due an opportunistic practice from the management or b) otherwise, the asymmetric effects of special items for profit and loss firms contribute substantially to a discontinuity at zero in the distribution of earnings (due to the bias induced by the accounting principle of conservatism) (Beaver et al, 2007). The sample used is composed by Spanish listed firms that disclosed financial information during the period 1992–2000. Earnings distribution shows a discontinuity at zero in earnings before tax distributions and more accused than in the ordinary income. In this context, the empirical evidence achieved in Spain support the hypothesis that the firms systematically use the extraordinary items to improve the operating income and so get a more favourable figure in the earnings before taxes. This results can be used to reflection about the new structure of the income statement propose in the new accounting normative in Spain (PGC, 2007) where the category of extraordinary items is not allowed.

ACS Style

Laura Parte Esteban; Ana Gisbert Clemente. The hypothesis of avoiding losses and decreases in earnings via extraordinary items. Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting / Revista Española de Financiación y Contabilidad 2008, 37, 405 -440.

AMA Style

Laura Parte Esteban, Ana Gisbert Clemente. The hypothesis of avoiding losses and decreases in earnings via extraordinary items. Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting / Revista Española de Financiación y Contabilidad. 2008; 37 (139):405-440.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Parte Esteban; Ana Gisbert Clemente. 2008. "The hypothesis of avoiding losses and decreases in earnings via extraordinary items." Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting / Revista Española de Financiación y Contabilidad 37, no. 139: 405-440.

Research notes and reports
Published: 01 December 2007 in Anatolia
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ACS Style

María Jesús Such Devesa; Laura Parte Esteban; Israel Senra Diaz. What Factors Determine the Indebtedness Level of the Spanish Multinational Hotel Companies? Anatolia 2007, 18, 361 -366.

AMA Style

María Jesús Such Devesa, Laura Parte Esteban, Israel Senra Diaz. What Factors Determine the Indebtedness Level of the Spanish Multinational Hotel Companies? Anatolia. 2007; 18 (2):361-366.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María Jesús Such Devesa; Laura Parte Esteban; Israel Senra Diaz. 2007. "What Factors Determine the Indebtedness Level of the Spanish Multinational Hotel Companies?" Anatolia 18, no. 2: 361-366.